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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

organoid
1. Resembling in superficial appearance or in structure any of the organs or glands of the body. ... 2. Composed of glandular or organic elements, and not of a single tissue; pertaining to certain neoplasms (e.g., an adenoma) that contain cytologic and histologic elements arranged in a pattern that closely resembles or is virtually identical to a no …

organoid nevus
Synonym for nevus sebaceus ... Congenital papillary acanthosis of the epidermis, with hyperplasia of sebaceous glands developing at puberty and presence of apocrine glands in non-apocrine areas of the skin (commonly the scalp). A variety of epithelial tumours may arise from a nevus sebaceus in adult life, most commonly basal cell carcinoma. ... Synon …

organoid tumour
A tumour of complex structure, glandular in origin, containing epithelium, connective tissue, etc. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

organoids
An organization of cells of different tissue types generated in culture to simulate an organ. The term can also refer to certain neoplasms that contain cytologic and histologic elements arranged in a pattern that closely resembles or is virtually identical to a normal organ. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

organology
1. <study> The science of organs or of anything considered as an organic structure. 'The science of style, as an organ of thought, of style in relation to the ideas and feelings, might be called the organology of style.' (De Quincey) ... 2. That branch of biology which treats, in particular, of the organs of animals and plants. See Morphology. …

organoma
<tumour> Obsolete term for a neoplasm that contains cytologic and histologic elements in such an arrangement that specific types of tissue, e.g., thyroid glands, intestinal mucosa, ovarian stroma and follicles, may be identified in various parts. ... See: teratoma. ... Origin: organo-+ G. -oma, tumour ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

organomegaly
Synonym for visceromegaly ... Abnormal enlargement of the viscera, such as may be seen in acromegaly and other disorders. ... Synonym: organomegaly, splanchnomegaly. ... Origin: viscero-+ G. Megas, large ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

organomercurial
Any organic mercurial compound; e.g., merbromin, thimerosal. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

organomercurial hydrolase
<enzyme> From a plasmid-bearing strain of e. Coli resistant to inorganic mercury and organomercury cpds ... Registry number: EC 3.- ... Synonym: alkylmercury reductase, arylmercury reductase, mercury-carbon splitting enzyme, carbon-mercury splitting enzyme ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

organomercury compounds
Organic compounds which contain mercury as an integral part of the molecule. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

organometallic compounds
A class of compounds of the type r-m, where a c atom is joined directly to any other element except h, c, n, o, f, cl, br, I, or at. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

organon
Synonym: organ. ... Origin: G. Organ ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

organonomy
The body of laws regulating the life processes of organised beings. ... Origin: organo-+ G. Nomos, law ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

organopathy
Any disease especially affecting one of the organs of the body. ... Origin: organo-+ G. Pathos, suffering ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

organopexy
Organopexia ... Fixation by suture or otherwise of a floating or ptotic organ. ... Origin: organo-+ G. Pexis, fixation ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

organophilic
Pertaining to organophilicity. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

organophilicity
Attraction of nonpolar substances (organic molecules) to each other. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

organophosphates
A series of phosphorus-containing organic compounds usually also containing a halide ion which reacts with cholinesterase. Organophosphates phosphorylate cholinesterase and thus irreversibly inhibit it. Used as insecticides; have also been used as war gases. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

organophosphorus compounds
Organic compounds that contain phosphorus as an integral part of the molecule. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

organoplatinum compounds
Organic compounds which contain platinum as an integral part of the molecule. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

organoscopy
Synonym for phrenology ... 1. <study> The science of the special functions of the several parts of the brain, or of the supposed connection between the various faculties of the mind and particular organs in the brain. ... 2. In popular usage, the physiological hypothesis of Gall, that the mental faculties, and traits of character, are shown on …

organoselenium compounds
Organic compounds which contain selenium as an integral part of the molecule. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

organosilicon compounds
Organic compounds that contain silicon as an integral part of the molecule. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

organosol
A hydrosol with an organic liquid instead of water as the dispersion means. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

organotaxis
The tendency to migrate to a certain organ selectively. ... Origin: organo-+ G. Taxis, orderly arrangement ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

organotechnetium compounds
Organic compounds that contain technetium as an integral part of the molecule. These compounds are often used as radionuclide imaging agents. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

organotherapy
Historically, the treatment of disease by the administration of animal organs or their extracts (after brown-sequard). at present synthetic preparations substitute for the extracts of a gland. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

organothiophosphorus compounds
Compounds containing carbon-phosphorus bonds in which the phosphorus component is also bonded to one or more sulfur atoms. Many of these compounds function as pesticides (e.g., insecticide, organothiophosphate). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

organotin compounds
Organic compounds which contain tin in the molecule. Used widely in industry and agriculture. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

organotroph
<cell biology> In reference to energy source (electron donor) - An organism which obtains energy by the metabolism of organic substrates (as electron donors). There are two type of organotrophs: chemoorganotroph and photoorganotroph. ... Compare: autotroph, lithotroph, heterotroph, phototroph. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

organotropic
Pertaining to or characterised by organotropism. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

organotropism
The special affinity of particular drugs, pathogens, or metastatic tumours for particular organs or their component parts. ... Compare: parasitotropism. ... Synonym: organotropy. ... Origin: organo-+ G. Trope, a turning ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

organotropy
Synonym for organotropism ... The special affinity of particular drugs, pathogens, or metastatic tumours for particular organs or their component parts. ... Compare: parasitotropism. ... Synonym: organotropy. ... Origin: organo-+ G. Trope, a turning ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

organs of Zuckerkandl
Synonym for para-aortic bodies ... Small masses of chromaffin cells found near the sympathetic ganglia along the abdominal aorta. They serve as chemoreceptors responsive to oxygen, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen ion concentration, and help to control respiration. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

organum
Synonym: organ, organ. ... Origin: L. Tool, instrument ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

organum auditus
Archaic term for vestibulocochlear organ. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

organum olfactus
Synonym for olfactory organ ... The olfactory region in the superior portion of the nasal cavity. ... Synonym: organum olfactus, organ of smell. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

organum spirale
Synonym for spiral organ ... A prominent ridge of highly specialised epithelium in the floor of the cochlear duct overlying the basilar membrane of cochlea, containing one inner row and three outer rows of hair cells, or cells of Corti (the auditory receptor cells innervated by the cochlear nerve) supported by various columnar cells: the pillars of …

organum tactus
Synonym for organ of touch ... Any one of the sensory end organs. ... Synonym: organum tactus, tactile organ. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

organum vestibulocochleare
Synonym for vestibulocochlear organ ... The external, middle, and internal ear. ... Synonym: organum vestibulocochleare. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

organum visus
Synonym for visual organ ... The eye and its adnexa. ... Synonym: organum visus, organ of vision. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

organum vomeronasale
Synonym for vomeronasal organ ... A specialised part of the olfactory system located anteriorly in the nasal cavity within the nasal septum. Chemosensitive cells of the vomeronasal organ project via the vomeronasal nerve to the accessory olfactory bulb. The primary function of this organ appears to be in sensing pheromones which regulate reproductiv …

orgasm
<physiology> The apex and culmination of sexual excitement. ... Origin: Gr. Orgasmos = swelling or organ to swell, to be lustful ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

orgasmic
Relating to, characteristic of, or tending to produce an orgasm. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

orgies
Sing. Orgy . ... 1. A sacrifice accompanied by certain ceremonies in honor of some pagan deity; especially, the ceremonies observed by the Greeks and Romans in the worship of Dionysus, or Bacchus, which were characterised by wild and dissolute revelry. 'As when, with crowned cups, unto the Elian god, Those priests high orgies held.' (Drayton) ... 2. …

orgyia
<zoology> A genus of bombycid moths whose caterpillars (especially. Those of Orgyia leucostigma) are often very injurious to fruit trees and shade trees. The female is wingless. ... Synonym: vaporer moth. ... Origin: NL, fr. Gr. The length of the outstretched arms. So named because, when at rest, it stretches forward its fore legs like arms. …

Oriboca virus
A C group virus of the genus Bunyavirus, and an agent of bunyavirus encephalitis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oriental
1. A native or inhabitant of the Orient or some Eastern part of the world; an Asiatic. ... 2. Eastern Christians of the Greek rite. ... Of or pertaining to the orient or east; eastern; concerned with the East or Orientalism; opposed to occidental; as, Oriental countries. 'The sun's ascendant and oriental radiations.' (Sir T. Browne) ... Origin: L. Ori …

Oriental boil
The lesion occurring in cutaneous leishmaniasis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Oriental button
The lesion occurring in cutaneous leishmaniasis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oriental cholangio-hepatitis
<radiology> Recurrent pyogenic hepatitis, pyogenic cholangitis, seen in Orient and in Asian immigrants, aetiology: Clonorchis sinensis (?), stones, dilated ducts filled with stones, soft, pigmented stones most likely to be no shadow on ultrasound, stricture, obstruction, abscess, increased incidence of cholangiocarcinomarcinoma Differential d …

Oriental ringworm
Synonym for tinea imbricata ... An eruption consisting of a number of concentric rings of overlapping scales forming papulosquamous patches scattered over the body; it occurs in tropical climates and is caused by the fungus Trichophyton concentricum. ... Synonym: herpes desquamans, Malabar itch, Oriental ringworm, scaly ringworm, tinea tropicalis, To …

Oriental schistosomiasis
Synonym for schistosomiasis japonica ... Schistosomiasis caused by schistosoma japonicum. It is endemic in the far east and affects the bowel, liver, and spleen. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Oriental sore
<disease> Skin disease caused by the flagellate protozoan, Leishmania tropica. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

Oriental ulcer
The lesion occurring in cutaneous leishmaniasis. ... Synonym: Oriental sore. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

orientation
<psychology> Awareness of one's environment, with reference to person, time and place. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

orientation chamber
<cell culture> Chamber designed by Zigmond in which to test the ability of cells (neutrophils) to orient in a gradient of chemoattractant. The chamber is similar to a haemocytometer, but with a depth of only ca. 20m. The gradient is set up by diffusion from one well to the other and the orientation of cells towards the well containing chemoat …

orienting reflex
An aspect of attending in which an organism's initial response to a change or to a novel stimulus is such that the organism becomes more sensitive to the stimulation; e.g., dilation of the pupil of the eye in response to dim light. ... Synonym: investigatory reflex, orienting response. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

orienting response
Synonym for orienting reflex ... An aspect of attending in which an organism's initial response to a change or to a novel stimulus is such that the organism becomes more sensitive to the stimulation; e.g., dilation of the pupil of the eye in response to dim light. ... Synonym: investigatory reflex, orienting response. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

orientomycin
Synonym for cycloserine ... <drug> A broad-spectrum antibiotic synthesised by the bacterium Streptomyces orchidaceus which is used most often to treat urinary tract infections and tuberculosis.This antibiotic is a structural analogue of the amino acid D-alanine and it inhibits bacteria's ability to make peptidoglycan, an important component of …

orifice
An opening. The mouth for example is an orifice. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

orifice of external acoustic meatus
Synonym for opening of external acoustic meatus ... The orifice of the external acoustic meatus in the tympanic portion of the temporal bone. ... Synonym: porus acusticus externus, external acoustic foramen, external acoustic pore, external auditory pore, external auditory foramen, orifice of external acoustic meatus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

orifice of inferior vena cava
Synonym for opening of inferior vena cava ... The orifice through which the inferior vena cava opens into the right atrium. ... Synonym: ostium venae cavae inferioris, orifice of inferior vena cava. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

orifice of internal acoustic meatus
Synonym for opening of internal acoustic meatus ... The inner opening of the internal acoustic meatus on the posterior surface of the petrous part of the temporal bone. ... Synonym: porus acusticus internus, internal acoustic foramen, internal acoustic pore, auditory pore, internal auditory foramen, orifice of internal acoustic meatus. ... (05 Mar 200 …

orifice of superior vena cava
Synonym for opening of superior vena cava ... The point of entry of the superior vena cava into the right atrium. ... Synonym: ostium venae cavae superioris, orifice of superior vena cava. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

orificial
Relating to an orifice of any kind. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

orificium
Synonym: orifice, orifice. ... Origin: L. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

orificium externum uteri
Synonym for external os of uterus ... The vaginal opening of the uterus. ... Synonym: ostium uteri, mouth of the womb, opening of uterus, orificium externum uteri, os uteri externum, ostium uteri externum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

orificium internum uteri
Synonym for isthmus of uterus ... An elongated constriction at the junction of the body and cervix of the uterus. ... Synonym: isthmus uteri, Guyon's isthmus, orificium internum uteri, os uteri internum, ostium uteri internum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

orificium ureteris
Synonym for ureteric orifice ... The opening of the ureter in the bladder, situated one at each lateral angle of the trigone; wide gaping of the ostium usually indicates vesicoureteral reflux. ... Synonym: ostium ureteris, orificium ureteris, ureteral meatus, ureteral opening. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

orificium urethrae externum
Synonym for external urethral orifice ... The slitlike opening of the urethra in the glans penis, the external orifice of the urethra (in the female) in the vestibule, usually upon a slight elevation, the papilla urethrae. ... Synonym: ostium urethrae externum, external opening of urethra, meatus urinarius, orificium urethrae externum. ... (05 Mar 200 …

orificium vaginae
Synonym for vaginal orifice ... The narrowest portion of the canal, in the floor of the vestibule posterior to the urethral orifice. ... Synonym: ostium vaginae, orificium vaginae, vaginal opening. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

origanum oil
The volatile oil (which contains carvacrol) obtained from various species of Origanum (family Labiatae); used as a rubefacient, as a constituent in veterinary liniments, and in microscopic techniques. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

origin
1. The first existence or beginning of anything; the birth. 'This mixed system of opinion and sentiment had its origin in the ancient chivalry.' (Burke) ... 2. That from which anything primarily proceeds; the fountain; the spring; the cause; the occasion. ... 3. <anatomy> The point of attachment or end of a muscle which is fixed during contract …

origin of replication
<molecular biology> Regions of DNA that are necessary for its replication to begin, such as pBR322 ori, required for plasmid replication. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

original
1. Pertaining to the origin or beginning; preceding all others; first in order; primitive; primary; pristine; as, the original state of man; the original laws of a country; the original inventor of a process. 'His form had yet not lost All her original brightness.' (Milton) ... 2. Not copied, imitated, or translated; new; fresh; genuine; as, an orig …

oriole
<ornithology> Any one of various species of Old World singing birds of the family Oriolidae. They are usually conspicuously coloured with yellow and black. The European or golden oriole (Oriolus galbula, or O. Oriolus) has a very musical flutelike note. ... In America, any one of several species of the genus Icterus, belonging to the family Ic …

orion
<astronomy> A large and bright constellation on the equator, between the stars Aldebaran and Sirius. It contains a remarkable nebula visible to the naked eye. 'The flaming glories of Orion's belt.' (E. Everett) ... Origin: L, fr. Gr, orig, a celebrated hunter in the oldest Greek mythology, after whom this constellation was named. ... Source: We …

oriskany
<geology> Designating, or pertaining to, certain beds, chiefly limestone, characteristic of the latest period of the Silurian age. Oriskany period, a subdivision of the American Paleozoic system intermediate or translational in character between the Silurian and Devonian ages. See Chart of Geology. ... Origin: From Oriskany, in New York. ... So …

orizaba jalap root
Synonym for ipomea ... The dried root of Ipomoea orizabensis (family Convolvulaceae). ... See: ipomea resin. ... Synonym: orizaba jalap root. ... Origin: G. Ips (ip-), a worm, + homoios, like ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ormolu
A variety of brass made to resemble gold by the use of less zinc and more copper in its composition than ordinary brass contains. Its golden colour is often heightened by means of lacquer of some sort, or by use of acids. Called also mosaic gold. Ormolu varnish, a varnish applied to metals, as brass, to give the appearance of gold. ... Origin: F. Or …

Ormond, John
<person> U.S. Urologist, *1886. ... See: Ormond's disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Ormond's disease
Synonym for retroperitoneal fibrosis ... <radiology> Ureters tapered or obstructed, most severe at L4-5, ureters deviated medially, Treatment: symptomatic; steroids have ? long-term benefit Differential diagnosis: malignancy, lymphoma (especially Hodgkin's), metastasis from colon and breast, retroperitoneal sarcoma, drugs, methysergide (Sanser …

Orn
Symbol for ornithine or its radical. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ornate
A term that refers to the patterning of the scutum (gray or white markings on a dark background) in ixodid ticks. ... Origin: L. Ornatus, decorated ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ornidazole
<chemical> Alpha-(chloromethyl)-2-methyl-5-nitro-1h-imidazole-1-ethanol. A nitroimidazole antiprotozoal agent used in ameba and trichomonas infections. It is partially plasma-bound and also has radiation-sensitizing action. ... Pharmacological action: amebicides, antitrichomonal agents, radiation-sensitizing agents. ... Chemical name: 1H-Imidaz …

ornipressin
<chemical> 8-l-ornithine vasopressin. A synthetic analog of vasopressin with ornithine in position 8 of the cyclic octapeptide chain. It is used as a local vasoconstrictor and haemostatic. ... Pharmacological action: haemostatics, renal agents, vasoconstrictor agents. ... Chemical name: Vasopressin, 8-L-ornithine- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Ornish prevention diets
Relaxed versions of the Ornish reversal diet, which is designed to prevent coronary artery disease. These diets reduce dietary fat in proportion to blood cholesterol level. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Ornish reversal diet
A diet designed by Dean Ornish, who has evidence that it will reverse coronary artery disease. It consists of 10% of calories from fat (mostly polyunsaturated or monounsaturated, with 5 mg cholesterol per day), 70 to 75% from carbohydrate, and 15 to 20% from protein. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Ornish, Dean
<person> U.S. Physician, *1953. ... See: Ornish reversal diet. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ornithichnology
<paleontology, study> The branch of science which treats of ornithichnites. ... (04 Mar 1998) ...

ornithinaemia
A toxic condition occasionally producing localised cerebral swelling, caused by abnormal amounts of ammonia in the blood. ... Origin: ornithine + G. Haima, blood ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ornithine
<amino acid> Is made from the amino acid arginine and in turn is a precursor to form glutamic acid, citruline and proline. Ornithine's chief therapeutic value lies in its involvement in the urea cycle and its ability to enhance liver function, protect the liver and detoxify harmful substances. It has been used in the treatment of hepatic coma …

ornithine 5,4-aminomutase
<enzyme> EC 5.4.3.1 has been deleted; reaction was due to a mixture of EC 5.1.1.12 and EC 5.4.3.5 ... Registry number: EC 5.4.3.5 ... Synonym: d-ornithine 4,5-aminomutase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

ornithine acetyltransferase
Synonym for glutamate acetyltransferase ... <enzyme> An enzyme catalyzing transfer of an acetyl group from N2-acetylornithine to l-glutamate forming l-ornithine and N-acetyl-l-glutamate, an activator of the urea cycle. ... Synonym: ornithine acetyltransferase. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ornithine carbamoyltransferase
<enzyme> An enzyme of the transferase class that catalyses the reaction of carbamoyl phosphate and l-ornithine to yield orthophosphate and l-citrulline. The enzyme occurs in the liver. The reaction is a part of the urea cycle. Genetic deficiency of the enzyme, an x-linked trait, impairs urea formation and produces hyperammonaemia. ... Chemical …

ornithine cycle
Synonym for urea cycle ... The metabolic pathway isfound in vertebrates and takes place in theliver, in it, urea is synthesised from amino acids and carbon dioxide. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

ornithine d-aminotransferase
<enzyme> An enzyme that will reversibly catalyze the reaction of alpha-ketoglutarate and l-ornithine to form l-glutamate and l-glutamate gamma-semialdehyde; a deficiency of this enzyme will result in gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina. ... Synonym: ornithine transaminase. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ornithine decarboxylase
<enzyme> The enzyme that converts ornithine to putrescine (dibasic amine) by decarboxylation. Rate limiting in the synthesis of the polyamines spermidime and spermine that regulate DNA synthesis. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

ornithine transaminase
Synonym for ornithine d-aminotransferase ... <enzyme> An enzyme that will reversibly catalyze the reaction of alpha-ketoglutarate and l-ornithine to form l-glutamate and l-glutamate gamma-semialdehyde; a deficiency of this enzyme will result in gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina. ... Synonym: ornithine transaminase. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...