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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

fastness
The state of tolerance exhibited by bacteria to a drug or other agent. ... See: fast. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

fat
<biochemistry> A triglyceride (lipid) that is usually solid at room temperature. ... Compare: oil. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

fat body
A nutritional reservoir of fatty tissue found mainly in insects and amphibians. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

fat body of cheek
Synonym for buccal fat-pad ... An encapsuled mass of fat in the cheek on the outer side of the buccinator muscle, especially marked in the infant; supposed to strengthen and support the cheek during the act of sucking. ... Synonym: corpus adiposum buccae, Bichat's fat-pad, Bichat's protuberance, fat body of cheek, sucking cushion, sucking pad, suctor …

fat body of ischiorectal fossa
Synonym for ischiorectal fat-pad ... The fat within the ischiorectal fossa. ... Synonym: corpus adiposum fossae ischiorectalis, fat body of ischiorectal fossa. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

fat body of orbit
Synonym for orbital fat-pad ... The mass of fat contained in the orbit that contributes to the support of the eyeball. ... Synonym: corpus adiposum orbitae, fat body of orbit. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

fat cell
Synonym for adipocyte ... <pathology> An animal connective tissue cell specialised for the synthesis and storage of fat. Such cells are bloated with globules of triglycerides, the nucleus being displaced to one side and the cytoplasm seen as a thin line around the fat droplet. ... (25 Jun 1999) ...

fat droplet
<pathology> Micro aggregates of (mainly) triglycerides visible within cells. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

fat embolism
<orthopaedics> The occurrence of fat globules in the bloodstream following fracture of a long bone, in burns, in childbirth or in association with fatty degeneration of the liver. ... Symptoms occur when fat globules block vessels within the lung (i.e. Pulmonary embolism) or the cerebral vasculature (i.e. Stroke). Fat embolism after bone fract …

fat emulsions, intravenous
Emulsions of fats or lipids used primarily in parenteral feeding. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

fat graft
A free graft of fat. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

fat hernia
A hernia in which the tissue protruding out of its normal location is composed only of fat. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

fat indigestion
Synonym for steatorrhoea ... Faecal matter that is frothy, foul-smelling and floats because of a high fat content. A finding that is typical in malabsorption syndromes. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

fat metabolism
Oxidation, decomposition, and synthesis of fats in the tissues. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

fat necrosis
A condition in which the neutral fats in the cells of adipose tissue are split into fatty acids and glycerol. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

fat necrosis tumour
<surgery> Destruction of fat cells in the breast due to trauma or injury that can cause a hard noncancerous lump. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

fat soluble
<chemistry> Can be dissolved in fat. Lipid soluble ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

fat solvents
Organic liquids notable for their ability to dissolve lipids; usually, but not always, immiscible in water; e.g., diethyl ether, carbon tetrachloride. ... Synonym: nonpolar solvents. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

fat substitutes
Compounds used in food or in food preparation to replace dietary fats. They may be carbohydrate-, protein-, or fat-based. Fat substitutes are usually lower in calories but provide the same texture as fats. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

fat tide
An increase in the fat content of blood and lymph following a meal. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

fat-pad
An accumulation of somewhat encapsulated adipose tissue. ... Synonym: corpus adiposum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

fat-soluble vitamins
Those vitamin's, soluble in fat solvents (nonpolar solvents) and relatively insoluble in water, marked in chemical structure by the presence of large hydrocarbon moieties in the molecule; e.g., vitamin's A, D, E, K. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

fat-storing cell
A multilocular fat-filled cell present in the perisinusoidal space in the liver. ... Synonym: lipocyte. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

fatal
Causing death, deadly, mortal, lethal. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

fatal outcome
Death resulting from the presence of a disease in an individual, as shown by a single case report or a limited number of patients. This should be differentiated from death, the physiological cessation of life and from mortality, an epidemiological or statistical concept. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

fatality
1. A condition, disease, or disaster ending in death. ... 2. An individual instance of death. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

fatality rate
The death rate observed in a designated series of persons affected by a simultaneous event such as a disaster. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

fate
1. A fixed decree by which the order of things is prescribed; the immutable law of the universe; inevitable necessity; the force by which all existence is determined and conditioned. 'Necessity and chance Approach not me; and what I will is fate.' (Milton) 'Beyond and above the Olympian gods lay the silent, brooding, everlasting fate of which victi …

fate map
<embryology> Diagram of an early embryo (usually a blastula) showing which tissues the cells in each region will give rise to (i.e. Their developmental fate). ... Fate maps are normally constructed by labelling small groups of cells in the blastula with vital dyes and seeing which tissues are stained when the embryo develops. ... (18 Nov 1997)< …

father complex
Synonym for Electra complex ... Female counterpart of the Oedipus complex in the male; a term used to describe unresolved conflicts during childhood development toward the father which subsequently influence a woman's relationships with men. ... Synonym: father complex. ... Origin: Electra, daughter of Agamemnon ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

father-child relations
Interaction between the father and the child. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

fathers
Male parents, human or animal. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

fatigability
A condition in which fatigue is easily induced. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

fatigable
Tiring on very slight exertion. ... Origin: L. Fatigabilis, easily tired, fr. Fatigo, to tire ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

fatigue
That state, following a period of mental or bodily activity, characterised by a lessened capacity for work and reduced efficiency of accomplishment, usually accompanied by a feeling of weariness, sleepiness, or irritability. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

fatigue fever
An elevation of the body temperature, lasting sometimes several days, following excessive and long continued muscular exertion. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

fatigue fracture
Fracture that occurs in bone subject to repeated or unusual subliminal, endogenous stress, most often transverse in configuration. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

fatigue strength
The stress level below which a particular component will survive an indefinite number of load cycles (typically about 50% of the ultimate strength of the component). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

fatigue syndrome, chronic
Syndrome of unknown cause, characterised by clinically evaluated, unexplained persistent or relapsing chronic fatigue of at least six months' duration which is not the result of ongoing exertion; is not substantially alleviated by rest; and results in substantial reduction of previous levels of occupational, educational, social, or personal activit …

fats
<biochemistry> A term largely applied to storage lipids in animal tissues. The primary components are triglyceride esters of long chain fatty acids. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

fats, unsaturated
Fats containing one or more double bonds, as from oleic acid, an unsaturated fatty acid. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

fatty acid
<biochemistry> Any number of saturated aliphatic monocarboxylic acids. A metabolic byproduct from the breakdown of fats. ... Chemically R COOH where R is an aliphatic moiety. ... The common fatty acids of biological origin are linear chains with an even number of carbon atoms. Free fatty acids are present in living tissues at low concentrations …

fatty acid binding protein
Synonym for Z-protein ... A fatty acid-binding protein that participates in the intracellular movement of fatty acids. ... Synonym: fatty acid binding protein. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

fatty acid binding proteins
<biochemistry> Group of small cytosolic proteins that bind fatty acids or other organic solutes. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

fatty acid desaturases
<enzyme> Enzymes that catalyze the conversion of saturated fatty acid CoA complexes to unsaturated fatty acid CoA complexes in the presence of any acceptor. ... Registry number: EC 1.14.99.- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

fatty acid methyltransferase
<enzyme> Catalyses the reaction of s-adenosylmethionine and a fatty acid to yield s-adenosylhomocysteine and a fatty acid methyl ester; calcium and calmodulin insensitive ... Registry number: EC 2.1.1.15 ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

fatty acid oxidation cycle
A series of reactions involving acyl-coenzyme A compounds, whereby these undergo beta oxidation and thioclastic cleavage, with the formation of acetyl-coenzyme A; the major pathway of fatty acid catabolism in living tissue. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

fatty acid reductase
<enzyme> Catalyses reduction of fatty acids to aldehydes ... Registry number: EC 1.2.1.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

fatty acid synthase complex
The multienzyme complex that catalyses the formation of palmitate from acetylcoenzyme A, malonylcoenzyme A, and NADPH. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

fatty acid synthetase complex
<enzyme> Registry number: EC 6.- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

fatty acid thiokinase
Long chain: long-chain fatty acid-CoA ligase, medium chain: butyrate-CoA ligase. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

fatty acids
Organic, monobasic acids derived from hydrocarbons by the equivalent of oxidation of a methyl group to an alcohol, aldehyde, and then acid. Fatty acids are saturated and unsaturated (fatty acids, unsaturated). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

fatty acids, essential
Fatty acids that cannot be synthesised by the human body and must be obtained from dietary sources, e.g., linoleic acids and linolenic acids. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

fatty acids, monounsaturated
Fatty acids which are unsaturated in only one position. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

fatty acids, nonesterified
The fraction of plasma fatty acids that are not in the form of glycerol esters. They are also called free fatty acids, but this is a misnomer because they are transported complexed with albumin. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

fatty acids, omega-3
A group of fatty acids, often of marine origin, which have the first unsaturated bond in the third position from the omega carbon. These fatty acids are believed to reduce serum triglycerides, prevent insulin resistance, improve lipid profile, prolong bleeding times, reduce platelet counts, and decrease platelet adhesiveness. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

fatty acids, unsaturated
Fatty acids containing one (monounsaturated) or multiple (polyunsaturated) double bonds. They predominate in most plant-derived fats. The number and position of each double bond can be specified, as in the systematic names, or the position of the double bond closest to the methyl group (omega) terminus can be specified to denote functional subdivis …

fatty acids, volatile
Short-chain fatty acids of up to six carbon atoms in length. They are the major end products of microbial fermentation in the ruminant digestive tract and have also been implicated in the causation of neurological diseases in humans. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

fatty acyl ethyl ester synthase
<enzyme> Myocardial enzyme; esterifies free fatty acids in the absence of ATP and coenzyme a; the fatty acid ethyl ester synthase III has homology with glutathione s-transferase ... Registry number: EC 2.3.1.- ... Synonym: fatty acid ethyl ester synthase, fatty acid ethyl ester synthase III, faee synthase, faees-iii gene product ... (26 Jun 1999 …

fatty alcohol
A long chain alcohol, analogous to the fatty acids, of which the fatty alcohol may be viewed as a reduction product; e.g., octadecanol from stearic acid. It is often found esterified in waxes. ... Synonym: wax alcohol. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

fatty alcohols
Usually high-molecular-weight, straight-chain primary alcohols, but can also range from as few as 4 carbons, derived from natural fats and oils, including lauryl, stearyl, oleyl, and linoleyl alcohols. They are used in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, detergents, plastics, and lube oils and in textile manufacture. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

fatty ascites
Synonym for chylous ascites ... <gastroenterology> A large collection of lymph fluid in the abdominal cavity, sometimes secondary to blockage of the main lymph duct or injury to it. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

fatty atrophy
Fatty infiltration secondary to an atrophy of the essential elements of an organ or tissue. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

fatty cast
A renal or urinary cast consisting largely of fat globules; those containing doubly refractile bodies (composed of cholesterol) are found in the nephrotic syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

fatty change
Synonym for fatty metamorphosis ... The appearance of microscopically visible droplets of fat in the cytoplasm of cells. ... See: fatty degeneration. ... Synonym: fatty change. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

fatty cirrhosis
Early nutritional cirrhosis, especially in alcoholics, in which the liver is enlarged by fatty change, with mild fibrosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

fatty degeneration
Abnormal formation of microscopically visible droplets of fat in the cytoplasm of cells, as a result of injury. ... Synonym: adipose degeneration, steatosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

fatty diarrhoea
Diarrhoea seen in malabsorption syndromes including chronic pancreatic disease, characterised by foul smelling stools with increased fat content that usually float in water. ... Synonym: pimelorrhoea. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

fatty heart
Fatty degeneration of the myocardium, accumulation of adipose tissue on the external surface of the heart with occasional infiltration of fat between the muscle bundles of the heart wall. ... Synonym: cor adiposum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

fatty hernia
Synonym for pannicular hernia ... The escape of subcutaneous fat through a gap in a fascia or an aponeurosis. ... Synonym: fatty hernia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

fatty infiltration
Abnormal accumulation of fat droplets in the cytoplasm of cells, particularly of fat derived from outside the cells. ... See: fatty degeneration. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

fatty kidney
A kidney in which there is fatty metamorphosis of the parenchymal cells, especially fatty degeneration. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

fatty layer of superficial fascia
Synonym for Camper's fascia ... The more superficial, fatty part of the superficial fascia of the lower anterior abdominal wall. ... Synonym: fatty layer of superficial fascia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

fatty liver
<radiology> Hyperalimentation, diabetes, Cushing disease, steroids, obesity, previous jejunal bypass, Reye syndrome, kwashiorkor, malnutrition (EtOH, chemo, RT), Crohn disease ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

fatty liver syndrome
<syndrome> A noninfectious disease of chickens characterised by enlarged fat-infiltrated livers. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

fatty liver, alcoholic
Fatty liver in alcoholics. It is potentially reversible and may be associated with alcoholic hepatitis or cirrhosis. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

fatty metamorphosis
The appearance of microscopically visible droplets of fat in the cytoplasm of cells. ... See: fatty degeneration. ... Synonym: fatty change. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

fatty oil
An oil derived from both animals and plants; chemically, a glyceride of a fatty acid which, by substitution of the glycerine by an alkaline base, is converted into a soap; a fatty oil, in contrast to a volatile oil, is permanent, leaving a stain on an absorbent surface, and thus is not capable of distillation; it is obtained by expression or extrac …

fatty renal capsule
The perirenal fat. ... Synonym: capsula adiposa renis, adipose capsule. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

fatty series
The alkanes; all the acyclic compounds in the methane, ethane, propane, etc., group, distinguished from the aromatic series. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

fatty stool
A stool containing excessive amounts of fat. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

fatty streak
<pathology> Superficial fatty patch in the artery wall caused by the accumulation of cholesterol and cholesterol oleate in distended foam cells. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

fatty tissue
Synonym for adipose tissue ... <anatomy> Connective tissue that has been specialised to store fat. ... See: adipocyte. ... (25 Jun 1999) ...

fatty-acid amide hydrolase
<enzyme> Degrades neuromodulatory fatty-acid amides; genbank u72497 ... Registry number: EC 3.5.1.- ... Synonym: oleamide hydrolase, faah protein, fatty acid amide hydrolase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

fauces
1. <anatomy> The narrow passage from the mouth to the pharynx, situated between the soft palate and the base of the tongue; called also the isthmus of the fauces. On either side of the passage two membranous folds, called the pillars of the fauces, inclose the tonsils. ... 2. <botany> The throat of a calyx, corolla, etc. ... 3. <zoolog …

faucial branches of lingual nerve
<anatomy, nerve> The faucial branches, branches to the isthmus of the fauces from the lingual nerve. ... Synonym: rami isthmi faucium nervi lingualis, rami fauciales nervi lingualis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

faucial diphtheria
Severe pharyngitis affecting the fauces, the usual site affected by infection with Corynebacterium diphtheriae. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

faucial paralysis
Synonym for isthmoparalysis ... Paralysis of the velum pendulum palati and the muscles forming the anterior pillars of the fauces. ... Synonym: faucial paralysis, isthmoplegia. ... Origin: G. Isthmos, isthmus, + paralysis ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

faucial reflex
Synonym for gag reflex ... Contact of a foreign body with the mucous membrane of the fauces causes retching or gagging. ... Synonym: faucial reflex. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

faucial tonsil
Synonym for palatine tonsil ... A large oval mass of lymphoid tissue embedded in the lateral wall of the oral pharynx on either side between the pillars of the fauces. ... Synonym: tonsilla palatina, tonsilla, faucial tonsil, tonsil. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

fault
1. Defect; want; lack; default. 'One, it pleases me, for fault of a better, to call my friend.' (Shak) ... 2. Anything that fails, that is wanting, or that impairs excellence; a failing; a defect; a blemish. 'As patches set upon a little breach Discredit more in hiding of the fault.' (Shak) ... 3. A moral failing; a defect or dereliction from duty; a …

faulty union
Synonym for fibrous union ... Union of fracture by fibrous tissue. ... See: nonunion. ... Synonym: faulty union. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

faun tail nevus
A circumscribed growth of hair of the lumbosacral area, associated with diastematomyelia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

fauna
<ecology> Animal life. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

faunation
<ecology> The total animal life of a zone or area, the animal equivalent of vegetation. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

fava bean
The broad bean to which many people react adversely with an acute haemolytic anaemia with sudden breakup of red blood cells (see Favism). Fava beans look like large tan lima beans. They are popular in Mediterranean and Middle Eastern cuisines, are eaten raw when very young, cooked in soups and many other dishes, and made into fava brittle (like pea …

faveolate
Pitted. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

favic chandeliers
Specialised fungal hyphae that are curved, branched, and antler-like in appearance, formed by the pathogens Trichophyton schoenleinii and T. Concentricum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

favid
An allergic reaction in the skin observed in patients who have favus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Favism
<haematology> Haemolytic anaemia induced in individuals who are glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficient by eating fava beans from Vicia fava. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...