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 mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary
Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary
Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK
Words: 116197


carcinoma, skin appendage
A malignant tumour of the skin appendages, which include the hair, nails, sebaceous glands, sweat glands, and the mammary glands. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

carcinoma, small cell
An anaplastic, highly malignant, and usually bronchogenic carcinoma composed of small ovoid cells with scanty neoplasm. It is characterised by a dominant, deeply basophilic nucleus, and absent or indistinct nucleoli. There are admixtures of small cell lung carcinoma with other types of lung cancer. Small cell carcinomas are distinguished by their d …

carcinoma, squamous cell
A carcinoma derived from stratified squamous epithelium. It may also occur in sites where glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

carcinoma, transitional cell
A malignant neoplasm derived from transitional epithelium, occurring chiefly in the urinary bladder, ureters or renal pelves (especially if well differentiated), frequently papillary. Transitional cell carcinomas are graded 1 to 3 or 4 according to the degree of anaplasia, grade 1 appearing histologically benign but being liable to recurrence. ... ( …

carcinoma, verrucous
A variant of well-differentiated epidermoid carcinoma that is most common in the oral cavity, but also occurs in the larynx, nasal cavity, oesophagus, penis, anorectal region, vulva, vagina, uterine cervix, and skin, especially on the sole of the foot. Most intraoral cases occur in elderly male abusers of smokeless tobacco. The treatment is surgica …

carcinomata
Alternative plural of carcinoma. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

carcinomatosis
A condition resulting from widespread dissemination of carcinoma in multiple sites in various organs or tissues of the body; sometimes also used in relation to involvement of a relatively large region of the body. ... Synonym: carcinosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

carcinomatous
Pertaining to or manifesting the characteristic properties of carcinoma. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

carcinomatous encephalomyelopathy
Synonym for paraneoplastic encephalomyelopathy ... An encephalomyelopathy as a remote effect of carcinoma, most often oat cell carcinoma of the lung; characterised by extensive nerve cell loss, which may be diffuse, but often predominates in particular portions of the central nervous system, particularly the limbic lobes, medulla, cerebellum, and gr …

carcinomatous implants
Transference of carcinoma cells from a primary tumour to adjacent tissues where growth continues. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

carcinomatous myelopathy
Degeneration or necrosis of the spinal cord associated with a carcinoma. ... Synonym: paracarcinomatous myelopathy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

carcinomatous myopathy
Synonym for Lambert-Eaton syndrome ... <syndrome> A condition characterised by muscle weakness that is similar to the symptoms of myasthenia gravis. For this reason, it has been referred to as myasthenic syndrome. This disorder is caused by an insufficient release of neurotransmitter (acetylcholine) by the nerve cells. Unlike myasthenia gravis …

carcinomatous neuromyopathy
Neuromyopathy associated with carcinoma, especially of the lung. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

carcinomatous pericarditis
Pericarditis due to infiltration of carcinomatous cells, usually from surrounding structures. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

carcinophobia
Synonym for cancerophobia ... <psychology> A morbid fear of acquiring a malignant growth. ... Synonym: carcinophobia. ... Origin: cancer + G. Phobos, fear ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

carcinosarcoma
A malignant neoplasm that contains elements of carcinoma and sarcoma so extensively intermixed as to indicate neoplasia of epithelial and mesenchymal tissue. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

carcinosis
The extensive spread of cancer throughout the body. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

carcinostatic
1. Pertaining to an arresting or inhibitory effect on the development or progression of a carcinoma. ... 2. An agent that manifests such an effect. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

carcoma
Dark red-brown or mahogany-coloured granular material that occurs in human faeces in tropical regions; it yields a chemical reaction similar to that of urobilinogen and is composed of calcium oxide, iron, phosphoric and carbonic acids, urobilinogen, cholerythrogen, and other organic matter in varying proportions. ... Origin: Sp. Wood dust under the …

cardamom
Grains of paradise. Dried ripe seeds of Elettaria cardamomum; used for flavoring baked goods, confectionery, curry powder, and in the manufacture of oil of cardamom which is used for flavoring liqueurs. Pharmaceutical aid (flavor); adjuvant and carminative. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cardanolides
The aglycone constituents of cardiac glycosides. The ring structure is basically a cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus attached to a lactone ring at the c-17 position. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Carden, Henry
<person> British surgeon, +1872. ... See: Carden's amputation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Carden's amputation
Transcondylar amputation of the leg, the femur is sawed through the condyles just above the articular surface. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cardenolide
A class of cardiac glycosides containing a five-membered lactone ring (e.g., the Digitalis glycosides). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cardenolides
C(23)-steroids with methyl groups at c-10 and c-13 and a five-membered lactone at c-17. They are aglycone constituents of cardiac glycosides and must have at least one double bond in the molecule. The class includes cardadienolides and cardatrienolides. Members include digitoxin and digoxin and their derivatives and the strophanthins. ... (12 Dec 19 …

cardia
The part of the stomach immediately adjacent to and surrounding the cardiac opening of the oesophagus, distinguished only by the presence of the cardiac glands, and lacking acid (parietal) and pepsin (chief) cells. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cardiac
<cardiology> Pertaining to the heart. ... Origin: L. Cardiacus from Gr. Kardiakos ... (16 Dec 1997) ...

cardiac accident
Sudden cardiac catastrophe, such as may result from coronary occlusion. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cardiac albuminuria
Albuminuria caused by congestive heart failure. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cardiac alternation
The occurrence of any cardiac phenomenon every other beat. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cardiac aneurysm
Thinning, stretching, and bulging of a weakened ventricular wall, usually as a result of myocardial infarction; rarely postinflammatory or congenital. ... Synonym: mural aneurysm, ventricular aneurysm. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cardiac arrest
This refers to the complete cessation of cardiac activity (heartbeat). ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

cardiac arrhythmia
A disturbance the electrical activity of the heart that manifests as an abnormality in heart rate or heart rhythm. Patients with a cardiac arrhythmia may experience a wide variety of symptoms ranging from palpitations to fainting. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

cardiac asthma
An asthmatic attack, the bronchoconstriction being secondary to the pulmonary congestion and oedema of left ventricular failure. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cardiac ballet
Short runs of cardiac dysrhythmia consisting of uniform sequences of repetitive multiform extrasystoles; so called from its undulating appearance, originally described by Bellet. ... See: torsade de pointes. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cardiac blood pool imaging
This noninvasive test uses radioactive tracers to delineate the hearts chambers and major vessels. It may be used to detect a heart attack, heart muscle function and coronary artery disease. The patient receives a radioactive tracer by injection (into a vein) and then the heart is imaged using a gamma camera. The heart is imaged before and after ex …

cardiac care facilities
Institutions specializing in the care of patients with heart disorders. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cardiac catheter
Synonym for intracardiac catheter ... <cardiology> A catheter that can be passed into the heart through a vein or artery, to withdraw samples of blood, measure pressures within the heart's chambers or great vessels, and inject contrast media. ... It is used mainly in the diagnosis and evaluation of congenital, rheumatic, and coronary artery les …

cardiac catheterisation
Cardiac catheterisation has given physicians the opportunity to directly diagnose and ascertain the extent of coronary artery occlusive disease. Using this procedure, physicians can make more accurate decisions concerning the best form of treatment for each patients condition. Cardiac catheterisation involves the placement of a thin flexible, hollo …

cardiac cell
Strictly speaking any cell of or derived form the cardium of the heart, but often used loosely of heart cells. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

cardiac cirrhosis
An extensive fibrotic reaction within the liver as a result of chronic constrictive pericarditis or prolonged congestive heart failure; true cirrhosis with fibrous bridging of lobules is unusual. ... Synonym: cardiac liver, congestive cirrhosis, pseudocirrhosis, stasis cirrhosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cardiac competence
Ability of the ventricles to pump the blood returning to the atria, so that atrial pressure does not rise abnormally. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cardiac complexes, premature
Premature contractions of the heart that are independent of the normal rhythm and arise in response to an impulse in some part of the heart other than the sinoatrial node. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cardiac contractility
A measure of cardiac pump performance, the degree to which muscle fibres can shorten when activated by a stimulus independent of preload and afterload. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cardiac cycle
The complete round of cardiac systole and diastole with the intervals between, or commencing with, any event in the heart's action to the moment when that same event is repeated. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cardiac decompression
Incision into the pericardium or aspiration of fluid from pericardium to relieve pressure due to blood or other fluid in the pericardial sac. ... Synonym: pericardial decompression. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cardiac depressor reflex
A fall in blood pressure due to peripheral vasodilation and cardiac inhibition by stimulations of terminations of a cardiac depressor nerve in the aortic arch and base of the heart. ... Synonym: aortic reflex, depressor reflex. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cardiac diuretic
A diuretic which acts by increasing function of the heart, and thereby improves renal perfusion. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cardiac dropsy
Oedema due to heart failure. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cardiac dyspnea
Shortness of breath of cardiac origin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cardiac dysrhythmia
Any abnormality in the rate, regularity, or sequence of cardiac activation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cardiac enlargement
A compensatory enlargement in the heart that is often secondary to underlying disease (heart valve disorder, high blood pressure, diabetes). ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

cardiac enzyme
<biochemistry> A group of enzymes found normally in heart tissue. Cardiac enzymes are released into the blood stream in increased concentration when the heart muscle becomes damaged. ... Examples include SGOT, CPK-MB and LDH. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

cardiac failure
Synonym for heart failure ... A condition where there is ineffective pumping of the heart leading to an accumulation of fluid in the lungs. Typical symptoms include shortness of breath with exertion, difficulty breathing when lying flat and leg or ankle swelling. Causes include chronic hypertension, cardiomyopathy and myocardial infarction. ... (27 S …

cardiac fibrous skeleton
Synonym for fibrous skeleton of heart ... A complex framework of dense collagen forming four fibrous rings (annuli fibrosi), which surround the ostia of the valves, a right and left fibrous trigone, formed by connecting the rings, and the membranous portions of the interatrial and interventricular septa; it is found in association with the base of t …

cardiac ganglia
Parasympathetic ganglia of the cardiac plexus lying between the arch of the aorta and the bifurcation of the pulmonary artery. ... Synonym: ganglia cardiaca, Wrisberg's ganglia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cardiac gating
Using an electronic signal from the cardiac cycle to trigger an event, such as in imaging separate phases of cardiac contraction. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cardiac glycoside
<pharmacology> Drugs that specifically block the Na/K pump particularly of heart muscle. ... (05 Jan 1998) ...

cardiac glycosides
<chemical> Substances obtained from species of digitalis, strophanthus, and other plants that contain specific steroid glycosides or their semisynthetic derivatives and used in congestive heart failure. They increase the force of cardiac contraction without significantly affecting other parameters, but are very toxic at larger doses. Their me …

cardiac haemoptysis
Haemoptysis secondary to heart disease or tachycardia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cardiac heterotaxia
See: dextrocardia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cardiac histiocyte
A large mononuclear cell found in connective tissue of the heart wall in inflammatory conditions, especially in the Aschoff body. The ovoid nucleus contains a central chromatin mass appearing as a wavy bar in longitudinal section. ... Synonym: Anitschkow cell, Anitschkow myocyte, caterpillar cell. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cardiac hormone
Synonym for herz hormone ... A substance present in extracts of cardiac tissue that augments cardiac contraction; possibly adenosine, a catecholamine, or some non-specific stimulant present generally in tissues. ... Synonym: cardiac hormone, heart hormone. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cardiac impression of liver
A depression on the superior area of the diaphragmatic surface of the liver corresponding to the position of the heart. ... Synonym: impressio cardiaca hepatis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cardiac impression of lung
The depression on the medial surface of each lung produced by the presence of the heart. It is more pronounced on the left lung. ... Synonym: impressio cardiaca pulmonis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cardiac impulse
Movement of the chest wall produced by cardiac contraction. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cardiac incompetence
Inability of the ventricles to pump out the blood returning to the atria fast enough to prevent an abnormal rise in atrial pressure or to pump sufficient blood to maintain normal circulatory function. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cardiac index
The amount of blood ejected by the heart in a unit of time divided by the body surface area; usually expressed in liters per minute per square meter. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cardiac infarction
Synonym for myocardial infarction ... A term used to describe irreversible injury to heart muscle. ... Synonym: heart attack. ... See: infarction. ... Common symptoms include substernal, crushing chest pain that may radiate to the jaw or arms. Chest pains may be associated with nausea, sweating and shortness of breath. ... Acronym: MI ... (27 Sep 1997)
cardiac insufficiency
Synonym for heart failure ... A condition where there is ineffective pumping of the heart leading to an accumulation of fluid in the lungs. Typical symptoms include shortness of breath with exertion, difficulty breathing when lying flat and leg or ankle swelling. Causes include chronic hypertension, cardiomyopathy and myocardial infarction. ... (27 S …

cardiac jelly
Gelatinous extracellular material that lies between endocardium and myocardium in the embryo. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

cardiac liver
Synonym for cardiac cirrhosis ... An extensive fibrotic reaction within the liver as a result of chronic constrictive pericarditis or prolonged congestive heart failure; true cirrhosis with fibrous bridging of lobules is unusual. ... Synonym: cardiac liver, congestive cirrhosis, pseudocirrhosis, stasis cirrhosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cardiac lung
Disturbance in pulmonary anatomy and physiology secondary to valvular disease of the heart or to other disturbances of circulation incident to cardiac disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cardiac lymphatic ring
Synonym for lymphatic ring of cardiac part of stomach ... A group of lymph nodes surrounding the cardia of the stomach. ... Synonym: annulus lymphaticus cardiae, cardiac lymphatic ring. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cardiac mapping
A method by which local cardiac potentials are spatially depicted in an integrated manner as a function of time (isochrone map) or potential (isopotential map). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cardiac massage
Synonym for heart massage ... Rhythmic compression of the heart by pressure applied manually over the sternum (closed heart massage) or directly to the heart through an opening in the chest wall (open heart massage). It is done to reinstate and maintain circulation. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cardiac murmur
A murmur produced within the heart, at one of its valvular orifices or across ventricular septal defects. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cardiac muscle
Synonym for muscle ... <anatomy> Tissue specialised for contraction. See twitch muscle, catch muscle: Cardiac muscle (heart muscle) is a striated but involuntary muscle responsible for the pumping activity of the vertebrate heart. The individual muscle cells are joined through a junctional complex known as the intercalated disc and are not fus …

cardiac muscle tissue
See: cardiac muscle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cardiac muscle wrap
Synonym for cardiomyoplasty ... An operation that uses stimulated latissimus dorsi muscle (skeletal muscle ventricle) to assist cardiac function. The latissimus dorsi muscle is mobilised from the chest wall and moved into the thorax through the bed of the resected 2nd or 3rd rib. The muscle is then wrapped around the left and right ventricles and st …

cardiac neurosis
Anxiety concerning the state of the heart, as a result of palpitation, chest pain, or other symptoms not due to heart disease; a form of hypochondriasis. ... See: neurocirculatory asthenia. ... Synonym: cardioneurosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cardiac notch
A deep notch between the oesophagus and fundus of the stomach. ... Synonym: incisura cardiaca. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cardiac notch of left lung
The notch in the anterior border of the superior lobe of the left lung which accommodates the pericardium. ... Synonym: incisura cardiaca pulmonis sinistri. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cardiac oedema
Oedema resulting from congestive heart failure. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cardiac opening
Synonym for cardiac orifice ... The trumpet-shaped opening of the oesophagus into the stomach. ... Synonym: ostium cardiacum, cardiac opening, oesophagogastric orifice. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cardiac orifice
The trumpet-shaped opening of the oesophagus into the stomach. ... Synonym: ostium cardiacum, cardiac opening, oesophagogastric orifice. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cardiac output
A measurement of the blood flow through the heart to the systemic (and pulmonary) circulation. Cardiac output is expressed as volume of blood per unit time or litres/minute. Cardiac output can be calculated using the Fick method (oxygen consumption divided by arteriovenous oxygen difference) or by the thermodilution technique, using a Swan-Ganz cat …

cardiac output, high
A state of elevated cardiac output. Conditions that lower peripheral vascular resistance, such as anaemia, arteriovenous fistulas, thyrotoxicosis, and pregnancy, are among the most important factors augmenting the venous return and therefore elevating cardiac output. Increased cardiac output also occurs in muscular exercise, fever, and severe anoxi …

cardiac output, low
A state of subnormal or depressed cardiac output, usually seen in patients with heart failure secondary to coronary artery, hypertensive, primary myocardial, valvular, or pericardial disease. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cardiac pacemaker
An electrical device which delivers a small stimulant shock to the heart to effect cardiac contraction at a pre-determined rate. Many of today's pacemakers have two main components: the electrodes and the transducer (pulse generator). The electrodes are wires which are placed into the circulatory system and make physical contact with the heart musc …

cardiac pacing, artificial
Regulation of the rate of contraction of the heart muscles by an artificial pacemaker. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cardiac part of stomach
The area of the stomach close to the oesophageal opening (cardiac orifice or cardia) which contains the cardiac glands. ... Synonym: pars cardiaca gastris, pars cardiaca ventriculi, cardia, gastric cardia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cardiac plexus
A wide-meshed network of anastomosing cardiopulmonary and splanchnic nerves arising from the afferent and autonomic nerve fibres (sympathetic) and vagus (parasympathetic) nerves, surrounding the arch of the aorta, the pulmonary artery, and continuing to the atria, ventricles, and coronary vessels. ... Synonym: plexus cardiacus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cardiac polyp
Usually a rounded thrombus attached to the endocardium. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cardiac prominence
The conspicuous external bulge appearing on the ventral aspect of the human embryo as early as at the fourth week, indicative of the precocious development of the heart. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cardiac reserve
The heart's ability to respond to demands that exceed ordinary circumstances. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

cardiac rhabdomyoma
<radiology> Associated with tuberous sclerosis ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cardiac risk
A term to describe overall risk of developing heart disease (blockage of the coronary arteries). Typical risk factors include: diabetes, high blood pressure, prior heart attack, high cholesterol, obesity, smoking and a family history for heart attacks in parents or siblings. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

cardiac segment
Synonym for medial basal segment ... Cardiac segment; medial basal segment of inferior lobe of right and left lung; can only be seen from medial and inferior surfaces since it does not reach lateral surface of lung. ... Synonym: segmentum basale mediale, segmentum cardiacum, cardiac segment. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cardiac shock
Synonym for cardiogenic shock ... A form of shock (inadequate delivery of oxygen to the tissues) that occurs secondary to the weakened pumping function of the heart. This condition may be precipitated by myocardial infarction or cardiomyopathy. ... Treatment includes fluid restriction, diuretics, vasopressors (dopamine) to support the blood pressure …