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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary
Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary
Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK
Words: 116197
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carminateA red salt of carminic acid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
carminative1. Preventing the formation or causing the expulsion of flatus. ... 2. An agent that relieves flatulence. ... Origin: L. Carmino, pp. -atus, to card wool; special Mod. L. Usage, to expel wind ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
carmine<chemical> Colouring matter from the insect coccus cacti l. It is used in foods, pharmaceuticals, toiletries, etc., as a dye, and also has use as a microscopic stain and biological marker. ... Pharmacological action: dyes, food colouring agents. ... Chemical name: 2-Anthracenecarboxylic acid, 7-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-9,10-dihydro-3,5,6,8-tetrahy …
carminic acidA glucoside of an anthracenequinone carboxylic acid; the essential constituent of carmine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
carminomycin 4-O-methyltransferase<enzyme> Isolated from streptomyces peucetius; catalyses the final step in daunorubicin biosynthesis; embl/genbank l13453 ... Registry number: EC 2.1.1.- ... Synonym: dnrk gene product ... (26 Jun 1999) ...
carminophilCarminophilecarminophilous ... Staining readily with carmine dyes. ... Origin: G. Phileo, to love ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
CarmodyThomas Edward, U.S. Oral surgeon, *1875. ... See: Carmody-Batson operation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Carmody-Batson operationReduction of fractures of the zygoma and zygomatic arch through an intraoral incision above the maxillary molar teeth. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
carmovirusA genus in the family tombusviridae mostly found in temperate regions. Some species infecting legumes are reported from tropical areas. most viruses are soil-borne, but some are transmitted by the fungus olpidium radicale and others by beetles. Carnation mottle virus is the type species. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
carmustine<chemical> A cell-cycle phase non-specific alkylating antineoplastic agent. It is used in the treatment of brain tumours and various other malignant neoplasms. This substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen according to the fourth annual report on carcinogens (ntp 85-002, 1985). ... Pharmacological action: antineoplastic agent …
carnassialAdapted for shearing flesh; denoting those teeth designed to cut flesh. ... Origin: Fr. Carnassier, carnivorous, fr. L. Caro, flesh ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
carnassial toothA tooth adapted to shear flesh; the last upper premolar or first lower molar tooth of certain carnivores. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
carnauba waxA wax obtained from the Brazilian wax palm, Copernica cerifera; used in pharmaceuticals to coat medicaments in sustained release preparations and surfaces of tablets; used in waxes for wood and metal. ... Synonym: Brazil wax, palm wax. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
carneousFleshy. ... Origin: L. Carneus ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
carneous degenerationSynonym for red degeneration ... Necrosis, with staining by haemoglobin, which may occur in uterine myomas, especially during pregnancy; marked by softening and a red colour resembling partly cooked meat. ... Synonym: carneous degeneration. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
carneous moleSynonym for fleshy mole ... A uterine mass occurring after foetal death and consisting of blood clots, foetal membranes, and placenta. ... Synonym: blood mole, carneous mole. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
carnesPlural of caro. ... Origin: L. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
CarnettJ. B., 20th century U.S. Physician. ... See: Carnett's sign. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Carnett's sign<clinical sign> Disappearance of abdominal tenderness to palpation when the anterior abdominal muscles are contracted, indicating pain of intra-abdominal origin; its persistence suggests a source in the abdominal wall, which is also indicated when tenderness is caused by gently pinching a fold of skin and fat between the thumb and forefinger. …
carney syndrome<radiology> Association of: pheochromocytoma, paraganglioma (functioning), chondroma (mult. Chondromatous hamartomas?) ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
carnificationA change in tissues, whereby they become fleshy, resembling muscular tissue. ... Origin: L. Caro (carn-), flesh, + facio, to make ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
carnitine<biochemistry> _ Hydroxy _ trimethyl aminobutyric acid. Compound that transports long chain fatty acids across the inner mitochondrial membrane in the form of acyl carnitine. Sometimes referred to as Vitamin Bt or Vitamin B7. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
carnitine acyltransferases<enzyme> Acyltransferases in the inner mitochondrial membrane that catalyze the reversible transfer of acyl groups from acyl-CoA to l-carnitine and thereby mediate the transport of activated fatty acids through that membrane. ... Registry number: EC 2.3.1.- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
carnitine amidase<enzyme> Hydrolyzes l-carnitine amide steroselectively ... Registry number: EC 3.5.1.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...
carnitine coenzyme A ligase<enzyme> Caic protein isolated from e. Coli ... Registry number: EC 6.2.1.- ... Synonym: carnitine CoA ligase, crotonobetaine CoA ligase, caic gene product ... (26 Jun 1999) ...
carnitine dehydratase<enzyme> From E coli; catalyses the reversible dehydration of (l)-carnitine forming crotonobetaine ... Registry number: EC 4.2.1.- ... Synonym: caib protein, caib gene product ... (26 Jun 1999) ...
carnitine o-acetyltransferase<enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses the formation of o-acetylcarnitine from acetyl-CoA plus carnitine. ... Chemical name: Acetyl-CoA:carnitine O-acetyltransferase ... Registry number: EC 2.3.1.7 ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
carnitine o-palmitoyltransferase<enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses reversibly the conversion of palmitoyl-CoA to palmitoylcarnitine in the inner mitochondrial membrane. ... Chemical name: Palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase ... Registry number: EC 2.3.1.21 ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
carnitine palmitoyltransferase<enzyme> An enzyme that reversibly forms acylcarnitines and coenzyme A from carnitine and acylcoenzyme A (often, palmitoyl-CoA); important in fatty acid oxidation. Deficiency of isozyme I results in ketogenesis with hypoglycaemia; deficiency of isozyme II affects primarily skeletal muscle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
carnitine racemase<enzyme> Homologous to enoyl hydratases and isomerases; converts d(+)-carnitine to l(-)-carnitine; isolated from e. Coli ... Registry number: EC 5.1.- ... Synonym: caid gene product ... (26 Jun 1999) ...
CarnivoraAn order of chiefly flesh-eating mammals that includes the cats, dogs, bears, civets, minks, and hyenas, as well as the raccoon and panda; some species are omnivorous or herbivorous. ... Origin: L. Carnivorus, fr. Caro (carn-), flesh, + voro, to devour ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
carnivore<zoology> An organism that eats animals. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
carnivorousFlesh-eating; subsisting on animals as food. ... Synonym: zoophagous. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
carnivory<zoology> The consumption of animal flesh. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
carnosinaemiaAn autosomal recessive congenital disease, characterised by the presence of excess amounts of carnosine in the blood and urine and caused by a genetic deficiency of the enzyme carnosinase. Clinically characterised by progressive neurological damage, severe mental retardation, and myoclonic seizures. ... Origin: carnosine + G. Haima, blood + -ia ... ( …
carnosinaseMammalian enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of carnosine, producing histidine and beta-alanine; a deficiency of the serum enzyme leads to elevated carnosine levels. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
carnosine<biochemistry> Dipeptide found at millimolar concentration in vertebrate muscle. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
carnosine synthetase<enzyme> Also forms homocarnosine ... Registry number: EC 6.3.2.11 ... Synonym: homocarnosine-carnosine synthetase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...
carnosity1. Fleshiness. ... 2. A fleshy protuberance. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
carnot efficiency<radiobiology> Maximum possible efficiency for conversion of thermal energy to useful work (such as electrical energy), as determined by the laws of thermodynamics. The Carnot efficiency (eta) for conversion of thermal to electric energy (for example, the upper limit on efficiency of a steam turbine) is given by (eta) = [ (T-hot) - (T-cold) ] …
CarnoyJean Baptiste, French biologist, 1836-1899. ... See: Carnoy's fixative. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Carnoy's fixativeEthanol, chloroform, and acetic acid (6:3:1) or ethanol and acetic acid (3:1), an extremely rapid fixative used for glycogen preservation and as a nuclear fixative. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
caroThe fleshy parts of the body; muscular and fatty tissues. ... Origin: L. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
caro quadrata sylviiSynonym for quadratus plantae ... <anatomy, muscle> Origin, by two heads from the lateral and medial borders of the inferior surface of the calcaneus; insertion, tendons of flexor digitorum longus; action, assists long flexor; nerve supply, lateral plantar. ... Synonym: musculus flexor accessorius, musculus quadratus plantae, accessory flexor m …
carob<botany> The seed pods from a Mediterranean tree, also called St. John's bread and honey locust. ... Carob is rich in calcium, potassium and phosphorus. It is used as a natural sweet to take the place of sugar, chocolate and cocoa. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...
carob flourSynonym for algaroba ... <botany> The Carob, a leguminous tree of the Mediterranean region; also, its edible beans or pods, called St. John's bread. ... The Honey mesquite (Prosopis juliflora), a small tree found from California to Buenos Ayres; also, its sweet, pulpy pods. A valuable gum, resembling gum arabic, is collected from the tree in Te …
CaroliJ., 20th century French physician. ... See: Caroli's disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
caroli disease<radiology> Communicating, cavernous ectasia of the intrahepatic bile ducts, rare, autosomal recessive, usually detected in young adults, no cirrhosis or portal hypertension, predisposed to calculus formation, benign course, but.. Recurrent cholangitis most likely to be liver abscesses most likely to be death, associated with medullary sponge …
caroli's diseaseCongenital cystic dilatation of the intrahepatic bile ducts. It consists of 2 types: simple, with bile duct dilatation or ectasia alone, and complex, with associated extensive hepatic fibrosis and portal hypertension. Benign renal tubular ectasia is associated with both types. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
Caroli's syndrome<syndrome> Congenital malformation of the bile ducts leading to formation of multifocal dilatations and cysts. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
carotenaemiaTempoary yellowing of the skin due to excessive carotene in the diet, commonly seen in infants fed too much mushed carrots or adults consuming high quantities of carrots or beta-carotene. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
carotenaseSynonym for beta-carotene 15,15'-dioxygenase ... <enzyme> An enzyme catalyzing the reaction of beta-carotene plus O2 producing two retinals. ... Synonym: beta-carotene cleavage enzyme, carotenase, carotinase. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
carotene<biochemistry> Hydrocarbon carotenoids usually with 9 conjugated double bonds. _ carotene is the precursor of Vitamin A, each molecule giving rise to two Vitamin A molecules. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
carotene oxidaseSynonym for lipoxygenase ... <enzyme> Enzyme that catalyses the oxidative conversion of arachidonic acid to the hydroxyeicosenoic acid (HETE) structure in the synthesis of leucotrienes. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
carotene, betaAn antioxidant which protects cells against oxidation damage that can lead to cancer. Beta-carotene is converted, as needed, to vitamin A. Food sources of beta carotene include vegetables such as carrots, sweet potatoes, spinach and other leafy green vegetables; and fruit such as cantaloupes and apricots. Excessive carotene in the diet can temporar …
carotenodermaSynonym: carotenosis cutis. ... Origin: carotene + G. Derma, skin ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
carotenoid<biochemistry> Accessory lipophilic photosynthetic pigments in plants and bacteria, including carotenes and xanthophylls, red, orange or yellow, with broad absorption peaks at 450-480nm. ... Act as secondary light harvesting pigments, passing energy to chlorophyll and as protective agents, preventing photoxidation of chlorophyll. Found in chlo …
carotenoidsGeneric term for a class of carotenes and their oxygenated derivatives (xanthophylls) consisting of 8 isoprenoid units joined so that the orientation of these units is reversed at the centre, placing the two central methyl groups in a 1,6 relationship in contrast to the 1,5 of the others. All carotenoids may be formally derived from the acyclic C40 …
carotenoproteinA protein with a covalently-bound carotenoid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
carotenosis cutisA harmless reversible yellow colouration of the skin caused by an increase in carotene content. ... Synonym: carotenoderma, carotinosis cutis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
caroticSynonym: stuporous. ... Origin: G. Karotikos, stupefying ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
caroticoclinoid ligament<anatomy> The ligament that connects the anterior to the middle clinoid process of the sphenoid bone. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
caroticotympanicRelating to the carotid canal and the tympanum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
caroticotympanic arteriesSmall branches from the petrous part of the internal carotid artery supplying the tympanic cavity; anastomose with the anterior tympanic and maxillary arteries. ... Synonym: arteriae caroticotympanicae arteriae carotidis internae, rami caroticotympanici. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
caroticotympanic canaliculiSmall openings within the carotid canal that afford passage to the tympanic cavity of branches of the internal carotid artery and carotid sympathetic plexus. ... Synonym: canaliculi caroticotympanici. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
caroticotympanic nerve<anatomy, nerve> One of two sympathetic branches from the internal carotid plexus to the tympanic plexus. ... Synonym: nervus caroticotympanicus, small deep petrosal nerve. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
carotidPertaining to the carotid artery. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
carotid arteries<anatomy> Paired large calibre vessels that pass on either side of the neck supplying oxygenated blood to the brain. Occlusive disease (atherosclerosis) of the vessels can lead to stroke. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...
carotid artery bruit<radiology> Differential diagnosis: Atherosclerotic plaque or stenosis in common carotid artery or major vessels., Normal vessel. Asymptomatic bruits are a risk factor for stroke, and 75% of strokes occur in the carotid circulation. The majority of patients with bruits will have stenosis of 50% or more. The vast majority (90%) of strokes occu …
carotid artery occlusive syndrome<syndrome> Aortic arch syndrome, also referred to by many as vertebral-basilar artery disease, carotid artery occlusive syndrome and subclavian steal syndrome. ... Characterised by a constellation of signs and symptoms which occur secondary to abnormalities in the major arteries which extend off of the aortic arch. These abnormalities are stru …
carotid artery thrombosisFormation of a clot in a carotid artery often resulting from atherosclerosis. Patients are at high risk for developing stroke. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
carotid artery, commonThe two principal arteries supplying the structures of the head and neck. They ascend in the neck, one on each side, and at the level of the upper border of the thyroid cartilage, each divides into two branches, the external (carotid artery, external) and internal (carotid artery, internal) carotid arteries. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
carotid artery, externalBranch of the common carotid artery which supplies the exterior of the head, the face, and the greater part of the neck. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
carotid artery, internalBranch of the common carotid artery which supplies the anterior part of the brain, the eye and its appendages, the forehead and nose. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
carotid bodyA small cluster of chemoreceptive and supporting cells located near the bifurcation of the internal carotid artery. The carotid body, which is richly supplied with fenestrated capillaries, senses the pH, carbon dioxide, and oxygen concentrations in the blood and plays a crucial role in their homeostatic control. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
carotid body cell<pathology> Cells derived from the neural crest, involved in sensing pH and oxygen tension of the blood. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
carotid body tumourAn invariably benign, encapsulated, firm round mass at the bifurcation of the common carotid artery, with nests of large polyhedral cells in alveolar or organoid arrangement. It is usually asymptomatic but large masses may encroach upon the parapharyngeal space and produce dysphagia, pain, and cranial nerve palsies. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
carotid bruit<cardiology, clinical sign> A systolic murmur heard at the root of the neck (over a carotid artery) that is produced by turbulence from a blockage of blood flow in the vessel, can indicate carotid artery occlusive disease. ... See: stroke. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...
carotid bulbSynonym for carotid sinus ... <anatomy> A slight dilation in the carotid artery at its bifurcation into the external and internal carotid arteries, it contains baroreceptors (pressure sensors) that when stimulated, will cause a reflex slowing of the heart, vasodilation and a fall in blood pressure. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...
carotid canalA passage through the petrous part of the temporal bone from its inferior surface upward, medially, and forward to the apex where it opens into the foramen lacerum. It transmits the internal carotid artery and plexuses of veins and autonomic nerves. ... Synonym: canalis caroticus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
carotid dopplerSynonym for carotid ultrasound ... <investigation> A noninvasive test which uses high-frequency sounds waves to determine extent of blood flow through the carotid arteries in the neck. ... Used in the evaluation of stoke and TIA symptoms. ... (08 Jan 1998) ...
carotid ductSynonym for ductus caroticus ... A portion of the embryonic dorsal aorta between points of juncture with the third and fourth arch arteries; it disappears early in development. ... Synonym: carotid duct. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
carotid duplexSynonym for carotid ultrasound ... <investigation> A noninvasive test which uses high-frequency sounds waves to determine extent of blood flow through the carotid arteries in the neck. ... Used in the evaluation of stoke and TIA symptoms. ... (08 Jan 1998) ...
carotid endarterectomy<procedure, surgery> A surgical procedure which removes atherosclerotic plaque from the walls of the carotid arteries, reducing the risk of stroke or TIA. ... This procedure carries a high success rate, but also a small risk of stroke during or immediately after the procedure. Carotid endarterectomy has been proven to reduce the risk of major …
carotid foramenThe opening at each extremity of the carotid canal in the petrous portion of the temporal bone; the external carotid foramen is on the inferior surface of the pyramid; the internal is at the apex. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
carotid ganglionA small ganglionic swelling on filaments from the internal carotid plexus, lying on the undersurface of the carotid artery in the cavernous sinus. ... Synonym: Bock's ganglion, Laumonier's ganglion. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
carotid grooveThe groove on the body of the sphenoid bone in which the internal carotid artery lies in its course through the cavernous sinus. ... Synonym: sulcus caroticus, carotid sulcus, cavernous groove. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
carotid pulseThe pulse of the carotid arteries in the neck. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
carotid sheathThe dense fibrous investment of the carotid artery, internal jugular vein, and vagus nerve on each side of the neck, deep to the sternocleidomastoid muscle; the layers of cervical fascia blend with it. ... Synonym: vagina carotica. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
carotid sinus<anatomy> A slight dilation in the carotid artery at its bifurcation into the external and internal carotid arteries, it contains baroreceptors (pressure sensors) that when stimulated, will cause a reflex slowing of the heart, vasodilation and a fall in blood pressure. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...
carotid sinus branchSynonym for carotid sinus nerve ... <anatomy, nerve> A branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve that innervates the baroreceptors in the wall of the carotid sinus and the chemoreceptors in the carotid body. ... Synonym: ramus sinus carotici, carotid sinus branch, Hering's sinus nerve, intercarotid nerve, nerve to carotid sinus, sinus nerve of Herin …
carotid sinus nerve<anatomy, nerve> A branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve that innervates the baroreceptors in the wall of the carotid sinus and the chemoreceptors in the carotid body. ... Synonym: ramus sinus carotici, carotid sinus branch, Hering's sinus nerve, intercarotid nerve, nerve to carotid sinus, sinus nerve of Hering. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
carotid sinus reflexA normal reflex relating to the carotid sinus syndrome, which results from hypersensitivity or hyperactivation of the carotid sinus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
carotid sinus syncope<cardiology> Syncope which results from the over activity of the carotid sinus. Attacks may be spontaneous or produced by pressure on the carotid sinus. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...
carotid sinus syndrome<syndrome> Stimulation of a hyperactive carotid sinus, causing a marked fall in blood pressure due to vasodilation, cardiac slowing, or both; syncope with or without convulsions or A-V block may occur. ... Synonym: Charcot-Weiss-Baker syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
carotid sinus testStimulation of one carotid sinus (never both) to produce reflex effects that may slow the heart, reduce the systolic blood pressure or both for diagnostic or, in the case of certain arrhythmias, therapeutic purposes. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
carotid stenosisThe narrowing or stricture of a carotid artery that may lead to transient ischemic attacks (see cerebral ischemia, transient) and stroke (see cerebrovascular disorders). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
carotid sulcusSynonym for carotid groove ... The groove on the body of the sphenoid bone in which the internal carotid artery lies in its course through the cavernous sinus. ... Synonym: sulcus caroticus, carotid sulcus, cavernous groove. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
carotid triangleA space bounded by the superior belly of the omohyoid muscle, anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid, and posterior belly of the digastric; it contains the bifurcation of the common carotid artery. ... Synonym: trigonum caroticum, fossa carotica, Gerdy's hyoid fossa, Malgaigne's fossa, Malgaigne's triangle, superior carotid triangle. ... (05 Mar …
carotid tubercleThe anterior tubercle of the transverse process of the sixth cervical vertebra, against which the carotid artery may be compressed by the finger. ... Synonym: tuberculum caroticum, Chassaignac's tubercle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
