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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary
Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary
Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK
Words: 116197
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zeaxanthin epoxidase<enzyme> An o2-dependent NADPH-dependent epoxidase; catalyses the epoxidation of zeaxanthin to violaxanthin via antheraxanthin; active at the stromal side of the thylakoids of green plants ... Registry number: EC 1.- ... Synonym: zea-epoxidase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...
zeaxanthin glucosyltransferase<enzyme> Forms zeaxanthin monoglucoside and diglucoside; isolated from erwinia herbicola ... Registry number: EC 2.4.1.- ... Synonym: crtx gene product, 3-hydroxy-beta-carotene glycosylase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...
zeaxantholSynonym for zeaxanthin ... B,beta-carotene-3,3'-diol;a carotene found in corn, fruits, seeds, and egg yolk; isomeric with xanthophyll. ... Synonym: zeaxanthol. ... Origin: Mod. L. Zea, Indian corn, fr. L. Zea, grain + G. Xanthos, yellow, + -in ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
zebra<zoology> Either one of two species of South African wild horses remarkable for having the body white or yellowish white, and conspicuously marked with dark brown or brackish bands. ... The true or mountain zebra (Equus, or Asinus, zebra) is nearly white, and the bands which cover the body and legs are glossy black. Its tail has a tuft of blac …
zebra bodyMetachromatically staining membrane-bound granules, measuring 0.5-1 um in diameter and containing lamellae with a 5.8 nm spacing, reported in Schwann cells and macrophages of patients suffering from metachromatic leukodystrophy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
zebrafish<cell biology, genetics> Brachydanio rerio, species of small fresshwater aquarium fish with a transparent embryo making it possible to follow progeny of single cells until quite late stages of development. This, together with the availability of mutant lines make it an important preparation for the study of vertebrate cell lineage and develop …
zebu<zoology> A bovine mammal (Ros Indicus) extensively domesticated in India, China, the East Indies, and East Africa. It usually has short horns, large pendulous ears, slender legs, a large dewlap, and a large, prominent hump over the shoulders; but these characters vary in different domestic breeds, which range in size from that of the common …
zedoary<medicine> A medicinal substance obtained in the East Indies, having a fragrant smell, and a warm, bitter, aromatic taste. It is used in medicine as a stimulant. ... It is the rhizome of different species of Curcuma, especially. C. Zedoaria, and comes in short, firm pieces, externally of a wrinkled gray, ash-coloured appearance, but within of …
Zeeman effectThe splitting of spectral lines into three or more symmetrically placed lines when the light source is subjected to a magnetic field. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Zeeman, Pieter<person> Dutch physicist and Nobel laureate, 1865-1943. ... See: Zeeman effect. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
ZEEP<abbreviation> Zero end-expiratory pressure. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Zeis, Eduard<person> Dresden ophthalmologist, 1807-1868. ... See: Zeis' glands, zeisian sty. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Zeis' glandsSebaceous gland's opening into the follicles of the eyelashes. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
zeisianRelating to or described by Eduard Zeis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
zeisian styInflammation of one of Zeis' glands. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
ZeitgeistIn psychology, the climate of opinion, conventions of thought, covert influences, and unquestioned assumptions that are implicit in a given culture, the arts, or science at any point in time, and in which the individual operates and thus is influenced. ... Origin: Ger. Zeit, time, + geist, spirit ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
zellweger syndrome<syndrome> A rare, autosomal recessive congenital syndrome of multiple abnormalities. Some of the principal characteristics are cerebral dysfunction, defective myelinization, craniofacial abnormalities, renal cysts, hepatomegaly, and biliary dysgenesis. Absence of liver and kidney peroxisomes is the underlying basic defect. ... (12 Dec 1998)
Zellweger, Hans
<person> U.S. Paediatrician, *1909. ... See: Zellweger syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
zelophobia
<psychology> Morbid fear of jealousy. ... Origin: G. Zelos, zeal, + phobos, fear ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
zelotypia
Excessive zeal, carried to the point of morbidity, in the advocacy of any cause. ... Origin: G. Zelotypia; rivalry, envy, fr. Zelos, zeal, + typto, to strike ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
zenith
1. That point in the visible celestial hemisphere which is vertical to the spectator; the point of the heavens directly overhead; opposed to nadir. 'From morn To noon he fell, from noon to dewy eve, A summer's day; and with the setting sun Dropped from the zenith, like a falling star.' (Milton) ... 2. Hence, figuratively, the point of culmination; t …
Zenker, Friedrich
<person> German pathologist, 1825-1898. ... See: Zenker's degeneration, Zenker's diverticulum, Zenker's fixative, Zenker's necrosis, Zenker's paralysis, formol-Zenker fixative. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Zenker's degeneration
A form of severe hyaline degeneration or necrosis in skeletal muscle, occurring in severe infections. ... Synonym: waxy degeneration, Zenker's necrosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Zenker's diverticulum
<pathology> Herniation of the mucosa of the oesophagus through a defect in the wall of the oesophagus. The location is usually in the upper one-third of the oesophagus. ... (12 Nov 1997) ...
Zenker's fixative
A rapid fixative consisting of mercuric chloride, potassium dichromate, sodium sulfate, glacial acetic acid, and water, useful for trichrome stains; must be washed to remove potassium dichromate and treated with iodine solution to remove mercuric chloride; tissues tend to become brittle if left in the fixative for more than 24 hours. ... (05 Mar 200 …
Zenker's necrosis
Synonym for Zenker's degeneration ... A form of severe hyaline degeneration or necrosis in skeletal muscle, occurring in severe infections. ... Synonym: waxy degeneration, Zenker's necrosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Zenker's paralysis
Paresthesia and paralysis in the area of the external popliteal nerve. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
zeolite
<chemical> A term now used to designate any one of a family of minerals, hydrous silicates of alumina, with lime, soda, potash, or rarely baryta. Here are included natrolite, stilbite, analcime, chabazite, thomsonite, heulandite, and others. These species occur of secondary origin in the cavities of amygdaloid, basalt, and lava, also, less fr …
zeolites
<chemical> Zeolites. A group of crystalline, hydrated alkali-aluminum silicates. They occur naturally in sedimentary and volcanic rocks, altered basalts, ores, and clay deposits. Some 40 known zeolite minerals and a great number of synthetic zeolites are available commercially. ... Chemical name: Zeolites ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
zeoscope
<instrument> A device for determining the alcoholic content of a liquid by ascertaining its exact boiling point. ... Origin: G. Zeo, to boil, + skopeo, to examine ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
zepto-
<prefix> Prefix used in the SI and metric systems to signify 10 E-21. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
zeranol
<chemical> (3s,7x)-3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12-decahydro-7,14,16-trihydroxy-3-methyl-1h-2-benzoxacyclotetradecin-1-one. A non-steroidal oestrogen analog. ... Pharmacological action: oestrogens, non-steroidal. ... Chemical name: 1H-2-Benzoxacyclotetradecin-1-one, 3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12-decahydro-7,14,16-trihydroxy-3-methyl-, (3S-(3R*,7S*))- ... (12 De …
zero
Origin: F. Zero, from Ar. Cafrun, cifrun, empty, a cipher. Cf. Cipher. ... 1. <mathematics> A cipher; nothing; naught. ... 2. The point from which the graduation of a scale, as of a thermometer, commences. ... Zero in the Centigrade, or Celsius thermometer, and in the Reaumur thermometer, is at the point at which water congeals. The zero of the …
zero degree teeth
Prosthetic teeth having no cusp angles in relation to the horizontal. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
zero end-expiratory pressure
Airway pressure which, at the end of expiration, equals atmospheric pressure. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
zero energy thermonuclear assembly
<radiobiology> A British fusion device in which scientists observed fusion neutrons in 1958. ... They were erroneously considered to be thermonuclear (coming from particles with a Maxwellian velocity distribution) and were a cause for the initial optimism that fusion energy would be easy. ... They were actually due to electromagnetic accelerati …
zero gravity
A physical state existing in space or at a time in flight when the centrifugal thrust of a parabolic glide or turn exactly counteracts the force of gravity. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
zero time-binding DNA
DNA that has become the duplex form at the start of a reassociation process. ... Acronym: DNA ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
zero-order reaction
A reaction that proceeds at a particular rate independently of the concentration of the reactant or reactants. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
zeroeth law of thermodynamics
<chemistry> Two systems in thermal equilibrium with a third are in thermal equilibrium with each other. ... (09 Jan 1998) ...
zerogel
<chemical> A gel that has dried to make a solid. ... (11 May 1997) ...
zest
1. A piece of orange or lemon peel, or the aromatic oil which may be squeezed from such peel, used to give flavor to liquor, etc. ... 2. To cut into thin slips, as the peel of an orange, lemon, etc.; to squeeze, as peel, over the surface of anything. ... 3. To give a relish or flavor to; to heighten the taste or relish of; as, to zest wine. ... 4. Hen …
zeta
1. 6th Letter of the Greek alphabet, &zeta, 2. In chemistry, denotes the sixth in a series, e.g., the sixth carbon from a functional group. ... 3. Symbol for electrokinetic potential. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
zeta potential
<chemistry> The electrostatic potential of a molecule or particle, for example cell measured at the plane of hydrodynamic slippage outside the surface of the molecule or cell. Usually measured by electrophoretic mobility. Related to the surface potential and a measure of the electrostatic forces of repulsion the particle or molecule is likely …
zeta sedimentation ratio
The ratio of the zetacrit to the haematocrit, normally 0.41 to 0.54 (41 to 54%); it is a sensitive indicator of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and, unlike the latter, is unaffected by anaemia, which tends to elevate the ESR. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
zeta-carotene desaturase
<enzyme> Isolated from anabaena ... Registry number: EC 1.3.3.- ... Synonym: zds gene product ... (26 Jun 1999) ...
zetacrit
The packed cell volume produced by vertical centrifugation of blood in capillary tubes, allowing controlled compaction and dispersion of red blood cells; read with a haematocrit to produce the zeta sedimentation ratio. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
zetaprotein
Synonym for fibronectins ... Glycoproteins found on the surfaces of cells, particularly in fibrillar structures. The proteins are lost or reduced when these cells undergo viral or chemical transformation. They are highly susceptible to proteolysis and are substrates for activated blood coagulation factor viii. The forms present in plasma are called …
zetetic
A seeker; a name adopted by some of the Pyrrhonists. ... Seeking; proceeding by inquiry. ... <mathematics> Zetetic method, the method used for finding the value of unknown quantities by direct search, in investigation, or in the solution of problems. ... <mathematics> A branch of algebra which relates to the direct search for unknown quant …
zeugmatography
<investigation, radiology> A medical imaging process designed to distinguish normal tissue from tumour. It combines nuclear magnetic spectroscopy with techniques for scanning with radio waves to create images of cross-sections of the human body. ... (11 May 1997) ...
zibeth
<zoology> A carnivorous mammal (Viverra zibetha) closely allied to the civet, from which it differs in having the spots on the body less distinct, the throat whiter, and the black rings on the tail more numerous. ... It inhabits India, Southern China, and the East Indies. It yields a perfume similar to that of the civet. It is often domesticat …
zidovudine
Synonym for AZT ... <drug> A nucleoside analogue used to slow replication of HIV AZT is approved for the initial treatment of HIV infection. ... AZT is increasingly administered in combination with other antiviral drugs, especially 3TC (a combination that is under consideration by the FDA as another initial treatment regimen for HIV) as well as …
Ziehen-Oppenheim disease
Synonym for dystonia musculorum deformans ... A genetic, environmental, or idiopathic disorder, usually beginning in childhood or adolescence, marked by muscular contractions that distort the spine, limbs, hips, and sometimes the cranial-innervated muscles. The abnormal movements are increased by excitement and, at least initially, abolished by slee …
Ziehen, Georg
<person> German psychiatrist, 1862-1950. ... See: Ziehen-Oppenheim disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Ziehl-Neelsen stain
<technique> A method for staining acid-fast bacteria using Ziehl's stain, decolorizing in acid alcohol, and counterstaining with methylene blue; acid-fast organisms appear red, other tissue elements light blue; a modification of this stain is also used for Actinomycetes and Brucella. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Ziehl, Franz
<person> German bacteriologist, 1857-1926. ... See: Ziehl's stain, Ziehl-Neelsen stain. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Ziehl's stain
<technique> A carbol-fuchsin solution of phenol and basic fuchsin used to demonstrate bacteria and cell nuclei. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Ziemann, Hans
<person> German pathologist, *1865. ... See: Ziemann's dots, Ziemann's stippling. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Ziemann's dots
Fine dot's seen in erythrocytes in malariae malaria. ... Synonym: Ziemann's stippling. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Ziemann's stippling
Synonym for Ziemann's dots ... Fine dot's seen in erythrocytes in malariae malaria. ... Synonym: Ziemann's stippling. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Zieve, Leslie
<person> U.S. Physician, *1915. ... See: Zieve's syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Zieve's syndrome
<syndrome> Transient jaundice, haemolytic anaemia, and hyperlipaemia associated with acute alcoholism in patients with cirrhosis or a fatty liver. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
ZIFT
Synonym for zygote intra-fallopian transfer ... <gynaecology> In vitro fertilization with a transfer of the zygote into the fallopian tube, a combination of in vitro fertilization and gamete intra-fallopian transfer. ... An assisted reproduction technique consisting of hormonal stimulation of the ovaries, laparoscopic follicular aspiration of o …
Zigmond chamber
Synonym for orientation chamber ... <cell culture> Chamber designed by Zigmond in which to test the ability of cells (neutrophils) to orient in a gradient of chemoattractant. The chamber is similar to a haemocytometer, but with a depth of only ca. 20m. The gradient is set up by diffusion from one well to the other and the orientation of cells …
Zika fever
An acute disease, probably transmitted by mosquitoes, clinically resembling dengue; caused by Zika virus, a member of the family Flaviviridae. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Zika virus
A mosquito-borne virus of the genus Flavivirus (family Flaviviridae), found in parts of Africa and in Malaysia, that causes Zika fever. ... Origin: Zika, forest in Uganda, where first isolated ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Zimany's bilobed flap
A surgical flap that is transposed into a defect with a smaller flap transposed to fill the secondary defect caused by the rotation of the larger flap. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
zimbabwe
A republic in southern africa, east of zambia and botswana and west of mozambique. Its capital is harare. It was formerly called rhodesia and southern rhodesia. The region was under the administration of the british south africa company from 1889 to 1923 when it became a self-governing british colony. Zimbabwe was a member of the federation of rhod …
zimeldine
<chemical> 3-(4-bromophenyl)-n,n-dimethyl-3-(3-pyridinyl)-2-propen-1-amine. An inhibitor of serotonin uptake formerly used in the treatment of depression in doses of 200-300 mg daily. It was withdrawn worldwide in september 1983 because of the risk of guillain-barre syndrome associated with its use. ... Pharmacological action: serotonin uptake …
Zimmerlin, Franz
<person> Swiss physician, 1858-1932. ... See: Zimmerlin's atrophy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Zimmerlin's atrophy
A variety of hereditary progressive muscular atrophy in which the atrophy begins in the upper half of the body. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Zimmermann reaction
A chemical reaction between an alkaline solution of meta-dinitrobenzene and an active methylene group (carbon-16) of 17-ketosteroids; it is the basis of the 17-ketosteroid assay t.; more generally, a reaction between methylene ketones and aromatic polynitro compounds in alkaline solutions. ... Synonym: Zimmermann test. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Zimmermann test
Synonym for Zimmermann reaction ... A chemical reaction between an alkaline solution of meta-dinitrobenzene and an active methylene group (carbon-16) of 17-ketosteroids; it is the basis of the 17-ketosteroid assay t.; more generally, a reaction between methylene ketones and aromatic polynitro compounds in alkaline solutions. ... Synonym: Zimmermann t …
Zimmermann, Karl
<person> German histologist, 1861-1935. ... See: Zimmermann's corpuscle, Zimmermann's granule, Zimmermann's elementary particle, polkissen of Zimmermann. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Zimmermann, Wilhelm
<person> German physician, *1910. ... See: Zimmermann reaction, Zimmermann test. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Zimmermann's corpuscle
Synonym for platelet ... <haematology> A discoid cell (3m diameter) found in large numbers in blood, important for blood coagulation and for haemostasis by repairing breaches (small breaks) in the walls of blood vessels. ... Platelet _ granules contain lysosomal enzymes, dense granules contain ADP (a potent platelet aggregating factor) and sero …
Zimmermann's elementary particle
Synonym for platelet ... <haematology> A discoid cell (3m diameter) found in large numbers in blood, important for blood coagulation and for haemostasis by repairing breaches (small breaks) in the walls of blood vessels. ... Platelet _ granules contain lysosomal enzymes, dense granules contain ADP (a potent platelet aggregating factor) and sero …
Zimmermann's granule
Synonym for platelet ... <haematology> A discoid cell (3m diameter) found in large numbers in blood, important for blood coagulation and for haemostasis by repairing breaches (small breaks) in the walls of blood vessels. ... Platelet _ granules contain lysosomal enzymes, dense granules contain ADP (a potent platelet aggregating factor) and sero …
zinc
<chemistry, element> An essential trace element being an essential component of the active site of a variety of enzymes. ... Zinc has a high affinity for the side chains of cysteine and histidine. Zinc is present in tissues at levels of 0.1mM, but intracellular levels must be much lower. ... Abbreviation: Zn ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
zinc acetate
<chemical> A salt produced by the reaction of zinc oxide with acetic acid. It is used as a pharmaceutic necessity for zinc-eugenol cement and also as an astringent, styptic, and formerly as an emetic. ... Pharmacological action: astringents, pharmaceutic aid. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
zinc arsenate
<chemical> A toxic compound of zinc and arsenic which is used as an insecticide and to preserve timber from decay. ... (11 May 1997) ...
zinc caprylate
A topical antifungal compound. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
zinc chloride
ZnCl2;formerly used as a caustic for the removal of cutaneous cancers, nevi, etc., and in weak solution in the treatment of gonorrhoea and conjunctivitis. ... Synonym: butter of zinc. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
zinc colic
Colic resulting from chronic zinc poisoning. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
zinc compounds
Inorganic compounds that contain zinc as an integral part of the molecule. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
zinc D-Ala-D-Ala carboxypeptidase
<enzyme> Involved in last step of peptidoglycan synthesis; resistant to penicillin; see also d-alanyl-d-alanine serine peptidases ... Registry number: EC 3.4.17.14 ... Synonym: d-alanyl-d-alanine peptidase, zn(2+)g, zn(2+)g d-ala-d-ala peptidase, zn-ala-ala peptidase, zn(2+)g d-alanyl-d-alanine peptidase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...
zinc deficiency
: Deficiency of zinc is associated with short stature, anaemia, increased pigmentation of skin (hyperpigmentation), enlarged liver and spleen (hepatosplenomegaly), impaired gonadal function (hypogonadism), impaired wound healing, and immune deficiency. (for a genetic disorder that impairs zinc uptake, please see acrodermatitis enteropathica). Accor …
zinc excess
Too much zinc can cause gastrointestinal irritation (upset stomach), interfere with copper absorption and cause copper deficiency, and (like too little zinc) cause immune deficiency. According to the national academy of sciences, the recommended dietary allowances of zinc are 12 milligrams per day for women and 10 milligrams per day for men. ... (12 …
zinc finger
<molecular biology> A specialised protein group that is characterised by a single zinc atom associated with DNA binding proteins. A loop of 12 amino acids contains either 2 cysteine and 2 histidine groups (a cysteine histidine zinc finger) or 4 cysteines (a cysteine cysteine zinc finger), that directly co ordinate a zinc atom. The loops (usua …
zinc fingers
Domains in DNA- and RNA-binding proteins that contain amino acids which are folded into a single structural unit around a zinc atom that links two cysteines and two histidines. Each finger is postulated to recognise a specific sequence of about five nucleotide pairs. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
zinc fume fever
Synonym for brass founder's fever ... An occupational disease, characterised by malaria-like symptoms, due to inhalation of particles and fumes of metallic oxides. Fumes are formed by evaporation at very high temperature and condensation in air into fine particles. ... Synonym: brass founder's ague, foundryman's fever, metal fume fever, zinc fume fev …
zinc gelatin
Zinc oxide, gelatin, glycerin, and purified water; used topically as a protectant. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
zinc iodide
ZnI2;has been used as an antiseptic and astringent. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
zinc isotopes
Stable zinc atoms that have the same atomic number as the element zinc, but differ in atomic weight. Zn-66-68, and 70 are stable zinc isotopes. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
zinc oxide
<chemical> A mild astringent and topical protectant with some antiseptic action. It is also used in bandages, pastes, ointments, dental cements, and as a sunblock. ... Pharmacological action: dermatologic agents, sunscreening agents. ... Chemical name: Zinc oxide (ZnO) ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
zinc oxide and eugenol
Used as a base material beneath metallic dental restorations and as a temporary filling material or impression material; setting and hardening result from complex reactions between the powder and the eugenol. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
zinc oxide-eugenol cement
Least irritating of the cements. The powder is essentially zinc oxide with strengtheners and accelerators. The liquid is basically eugenol. (boucher's clinical dental terminology, 4th ed, p50) ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
zinc permanganate
Action is similar to that of potassium permanganate, but more astringent; used in urethritis, by injection or douche in a 1:4000 solution. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
zinc peroxide
ZnO2;a yellowish white powder, insoluble in water and decomposed by acids; used in pharmaceutical preparations. ... Synonym: zinc superoxide. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
zinc phenolsulfonate
Used as an intestinal antiseptic and locally as an astringent in chronic inflammation of the mucous membranes. ... Synonym: zinc sulfocarbolate. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
