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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

xylosidases
<enzyme> A group of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of alpha- or beta-xylosidic linkages. Catalyses the endo-hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-d-xylosidic linkages; EC 3.2.1.32 catalyses the endo-hydrolysis of 1,3-beta-d-xylosidic linkages; EC 3.2.1.37 catalyses the exo-hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-d-linkages from the non-reducing termini of xylans; and …

xylostyptic ether
Synonym for styptic collodion ... Tannic acid in flexible collodion; an astringent and local haemostatic. ... Synonym: haemostatic collodion, styptic colloid, xylostyptic ether. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

xylulose
<biochemistry> A 5 carbon ketose sugar, whose 5 phosphate is an intermediate in the pentose phosphate pathway and the Calvin cycle. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

xylulose reductase
<enzyme> An enzyme that reversibly converts xylulose to xylitol using either NADH (d-xylulose reductase) or NADPH (l-xylulose reductase); a deficiency of the l-form is seen in individuals with essential pentosuria. ... Synonym: xylitol dehydrogenase. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

xyrospasm
Synonym: shaving cramp. ... Origin: G. Xyron, razor, fr. Xyo, to scrape ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

xysma
Membranous shreds in the faeces. ... Origin: G. Filings, shavings, fr. Xyo, to scrape ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

xyster
<instrument> A file-like surgical instrument for scraping bone and other firm tissues. ... (15 Nov 1997) ...

xyy karyotype
Abnormal genetic constitution in males characterised by an extra y chromosome. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

XYY male
See: XYY syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

XYY syndrome
<syndrome> A chromosomal anomaly with chromosome count 47, with a supernumerary Y chromosome; controversial evidence associates tallness, aggressiveness, and acne with this condition. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Y body
A single fluorescent spot originating in the long arm of the Y chromosome and visible in somatic nuclei of buccal smears. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Y cartilage
Y-shaped cartilage, the connecting cartilage for the ilium, ischium, and pubis; it extends through the acetabulum. ... Synonym: hypsiloid cartilage. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

y chromatin
Brilliantly fluorescent body seen in cells stained with the dye quinacrine which lights up the y chromosomes most brightly. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Y chromosome
<genetics> The small chromosome that is male-determining in most mammal species and found only in the heterogametic sex. Thus in mammals the male has one Y chromosome and one X chromosome. One region of the Y chromosome, the pseudoautosomal region, is homologous to and pairs with the X chromosome. The primary determinant of male sexual develo …

y map
The array of genes on the y chromosome. Once thought to be a genetic wasteland, the y now is known to contain at least 20 genes, some of them unique to the y including the male-determining gene and male fitness genes that are active only in the testis and are thought responsible for the formation of sperm. Other genes on the y have counterparts on …

y wave
The wave in the atrial and venous pulse curves reflecting rapid filling of the ventricles just after the atrioventricular valves open. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

y-angle
In craniometry, the angle at the inion formed by lines drawn from the hormion and the lambda. ... Synonym: hypsiloid angle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Y-axis
A cephalometric indicator of the vertical and horizontal coordinates of mandibular growth expressed in degrees of the inferior facial angle formed by the intersection of the sella-gnathion plane with the Frankfort horizontal plane. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Y-linkage
The state of a genetic factor (gene) being borne on the Y chromosome. This idea is analogous with X-linkage but since the Y chromosome does not fully take part in chiasma formation and recombination, it not amenable to analysis by conventional linkage methods. Little is known about its content. There is a gene for the H-Y antigen, and indirect argu …

y-linked
A gene on the Y chromosome. A y-linked gene is by necessity passed from father to son. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Y-linked gene
A gene located on a Y chromosome. ... Synonym: holandric gene. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

y-linked inheritance
Inheritance by genes on the y chromosome. Also called holandric inheritance. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Y-linked locus
Any (haploid) locus that in normal karyotypes is borne on the Y chromosome. The known content is so far small. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Y-shaped ligament
Synonym for iliofemoral ligament ... <anatomy> A triangular ligament attached by its apex to the anterior inferior spine of the ilium and rim of the acetabulum, and by its base to the anterior intertrochanteric line of the femur; the strong medial band is attached to the lower part of the intertrochanteric line; the strong lateral part is fixe …

y-suppressed lethal gene
<genetics> In the fruit fly Drosophila, this is a recessive, lethal gene that kills XO flies but not normal XY male flies. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

yaba monkey tumour virus
The type species of yatapoxvirus, a tumour-producing DNA virus discovered in monkeys in yaba, nigeria. It has been found to produce histiocytomas in monkeys and humans. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Yaba monkey virus
Synonym for Yaba virus ... A poxvirus from the family Poxviridae, distinct from monkeypox virus, that causes Yaba tumours in monkeys. ... Synonym: Yaba monkey virus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Yaba tumour
<oncology, virology> A poxvirus-induced neoplasm of African monkeys caused by the Yaba monkey virus, a member of the family Poxviridae. ... It is associated with tumour-like growths occur chiefly on the head and limbs. The tumours are benign and the natural disease has been reported only in Africa in monkeys kept outdoors. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Yaba virus
A poxvirus from the family Poxviridae, distinct from monkeypox virus, that causes Yaba tumours in monkeys. ... Synonym: Yaba monkey virus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

YAC
Synonym for yeast artificial chromosome ... <molecular biology> A vector system that allows extremely large segments of DNA to be cloned. ... Useful in chromosome mapping, contiguous yeast artificial chromosomes covering the whole Drosophila genome and certain human chromosomes are available. ... Acronym: YAC ... (15 Nov 1997) ...

yacare
<zoology> A South American crocodilian (Jacare sclerops) resembling the alligator in size and habits. The eye orbits are connected together, and surrounded by prominent bony ridges. ... Synonym: spectacled alligator, and spectacled cayman. ... Alternative forms: jacare. ... The name is also applied to allied species. ... See: Jacare. ... Source: W …

yag laser surgery
<ophthalmology, procedure, surgery> The use of laser light to punch a hole in the iris to relieve intraocular pressure within the eye (for example glaucoma). This surgery is painless and requires no anaesthesia. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

yak
<zoology> A bovine mammal (Poephagus grunnies) native of the high plains of Central Asia. Its neck, the outer side of its legs, and its flanks, are covered with long, flowing, fine hair. Its tail is long and bushy, often white, and is valued as an ornament and for other purposes in India and China. There are several domesticated varieties, so …

yam
<botany> A large, esculent, farinaceous tuber of various climbing plants of the genus Dioscorea; also, the plants themselves. Mostly natives of warm climates. The plants have netted-veined, petioled leaves, and pods with three broad wings. The commonest species is D. Sativa, but several others are cultivated. Chinese yam, a plant (Dioscorea B …

yama
The king of the infernal regions, corresponding to the Greek Pluto, and also the judge of departed souls. In later times he is more exclusively considered the dire judge of all, and the tormentor of the wicked. He is represented as of a green colour, with red garments, having a crown on his head, his eyes inflamed, and sitting on a buffalo, with a …

yang deficiency
In the yin-yang system of philosophy and medicine, a lack of vital energy (called yangxu in chinese). It manifests itself in various systemic and organic diseases. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

yanggona
Synonym for yaqona ... A Fijian drink made from the powdered root of Piper methysticum (family Piperaceae); excessive drinking of it causes a state of hyperexcitability and a loss of power in the legs; chronic intoxication induces roughening of the skin and a state of debility. ... See: methysticum. ... Synonym: kava, yanggona. ... Origin: Fijian name< …

Yangtze oedema
Synonym for gnathostomiasis ... <dermatology, microbiology> A migrating oedema, or creeping eruption, caused by cutaneous infection by larvae of Gnathostoma spinigerum. ... Synonym: Yangtze oedema. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Yangtze Valley fever
Synonym for schistosomiasis japonica ... Schistosomiasis caused by schistosoma japonicum. It is endemic in the far east and affects the bowel, liver, and spleen. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

yankee
A nickname for a native or citizen of new England, especially one descended from old New England stock; by extension, an inhabitant of the Northern States as distinguished from a Southerner; also, applied sometimes by foreigners to any inhabitant of the United States. 'From meanness first this Portsmouth Yankey rose, And still to meanness all his c …

yapock
<zoology> A South American aquatic opossum (Chironectes variegatus) found in Guiana and Brazil. Its hind feet are webbed, and its fore feet do not have an opposable thumb for climbing. ... Synonym: water opossum. ... Alternative forms: yapack. ... Origin: Probably from the river Oyapok, between French Guiana and Brazil. ... Source: Websters Dicti …

yaqona
A Fijian drink made from the powdered root of Piper methysticum (family Piperaceae); excessive drinking of it causes a state of hyperexcitability and a loss of power in the legs; chronic intoxication induces roughening of the skin and a state of debility. ... See: methysticum. ... Synonym: kava, yanggona. ... Origin: Fijian name ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

yard
1. A rod; a stick; a staff. 'If men smote it with a yerde.' (Chaucer) ... 2. A branch; a twig. 'The bitter frosts with the sleet and rain Destroyed hath the green in every yerd.' (Chaucer) ... 3. A long piece of timber, as a rafter, etc. ... 4. A measure of length, equaling three feet, or thirty-six inches, being the standard of English and American m …

yarder
A machine used in yarding timber. ... (05 Dec 1998) ...

yarding
The initial movement of logs from the point of felling to a central loading area or landing. ... (05 Dec 1998) ...

yarrow
<botany> An American and European composite plant (Achillea Millefolium) with very finely dissected leaves and small white corymbed flowers. It has a strong, and somewhat aromatic, odour and taste, and is sometimes used in making beer, or is dried for smoking. ... Synonym: milfoil, and nosebleed. ... Origin: OE. Yarowe, yarwe, yarowe, AS. Gearw …

yatapoxvirus
A genus of the family poxviridae, subfamily chordopoxvirinae, causing tumours in primates. The type species is yaba monkey tumour virus. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

yaw
An individual lesion of the eruption of yaws. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

yawn
1. To open the mouth involuntarily through drowsiness, dullness, or fatigue; to gape; to oscitate. 'The lazy, yawning drone.' 'And while above he spends his breath, The yawning audience nod beneath.' (Trumbull) ... 2. To open wide; to gape, as if to allow the entrance or exit of anything. ''t is now the very witching time of night, When churchyards …

yawning
An involuntary deep inspiration with the mouth open, often accompanied by the act of stretching. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

yaws
<medicine> A disease, occurring in the Antilles and in Africa, characterised by yellowish or reddish tumours, of a contagious character, which, in shape and appearance, often resemble currants, strawberries, or raspberries. There are several varieties of this disease, variously known as framboesia, pian, verrugas, and crab-yaws. ... Origin: Af …

Yb
Symbol for ytterbium. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Ycp1 proteinase
<enzyme> The first cysteine proteinase isolated from yeast (saccharomyces cerevisiae); homologous to mammalian bleomycin hydrolase ... Registry number: EC 3.4.22.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

YCR101 protein kinase
<enzyme> Mw 66,665 da; from saccharomyces cerevisiae; aa sequence given in first source ... Registry number: EC 2.7.1.- ... Synonym: ycr101 gene product, ycr101 protein ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

yd
Abbreviation for the measure of length, a yard. For example, an american football field is 100 yds. Long. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

ye
The plural of the pronoun of the second person in the nominative case. 'Ye ben to me right welcome heartily.' (Chaucer) 'But ye are washed, but ye are sanctified.' (1 Cor. Vi. 11) 'This would cost you your life in case ye were a man.' (Udall) ... In Old English ye was used only as a nominative, and you only as a dative or objective. In the 16th cent …

yea
1. Yes; ay; a word expressing assent, or an affirmative, or an affirmative answer to a question, now superseded by yes. See Yes. 'Let your communication be yea, yea; nay, nay.' (Matt. V. 37) ... 2. More than this; not only so, but; used to mark the addition of a more specific or more emphatic clause. Cf. Nay. 'I therein do rejoice, yea, and will rej …

year
1. The time of the apparent revolution of the sun trough the ecliptic; the period occupied by the earth in making its revolution around the sun, called the astronomical year; also, a period more or less nearly agreeing with this, adopted by various nations as a measure of time, and called the civil year; as, the common lunar year of 354 days, still …

yearling
<biology, zoology> A 1-year-old individual in its second year of life. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

yearn
To pain; to grieve; to vex. 'She laments, sir, for it, that it would yearn your heart to see it.' 'It yearns me not if men my garments wear.' (Shak) ... Origin: Also earn, ern; probably a corruption of OE. Ermen to grieve, AS. Ierman, yrman, or geierman, geyrman, fr. Earm wretched, poor; akin to D. & G. Arm, Icel. Armr, Goth. Arms. The y- in Eng …

years of potential life lost
Measure of the relative impact of various diseases and lethal forces on society, computed by estimating the years that people would have lived if they had not died prematurely from injury, cancer, heart disease, etc. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

yeast
<fungus> Yeast is the colloquial name for single-celled members of the fungal families, ascomycetes, basidiomycetes and imperfect fungi that tend to be unicellular for the greater part of their life cycle. ... Commercially important yeasts include Saccharomyces cerevisiae, pathogenic yeasts include the genus Candida. ... See: Schizosaccharomyce …

yeast artificial chromosome
<molecular biology> A vector system that allows extremely large segments of DNA to be cloned. ... Useful in chromosome mapping, contiguous yeast artificial chromosomes covering the whole Drosophila genome and certain human chromosomes are available. ... Acronym: YAC ... (15 Nov 1997) ...

yeast artificial chromosomes
Yeast DNA sequences that have incorporated into them very large foreign DNA fragments; the recombinant DNA is then introduced into the yeast by transformation; the use of yeast artificial chromosomes permits the cloning of large genes with their flanking regulatory sequences. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

yeast autolysate
<cell biology> This substance is used as a culture medium and a food flavouring, it is made by breaking down yeast with intracellular enzymes. ... (06 May 1997) ...

yeast extract agar
A medium used to induce sporulation and reduce vegetative growth in the cultivation of fungi. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

yeast infection
Synonym for candidiasis ... <gastroenterology, microbiology, oncology> Infection with a fungus of the genus Candida. ... It is usually a superficial infection of the moist cutaneous areas of the body and is generally caused by Candida albicans, it most commonly involves the skin (dermatocandidiasis), oral mucous membranes (oral candidiasis), re …

yeast RNase
<enzyme> An enzyme catalyzing the exonucleolytic cleavage of RNA to yield 3'-phosphomononucleotides. ... Synonym: RNase U4. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

yeast syndrome
<syndrome> The yeast candida has been thought to cause a syndrome with a number of non-specific problems including fatigue, loss of appetite, headache, short-attention span, depression and all manner of intestinal irregularities. There is no scientific evidence to support the existence of the yeast syndrome (also called the yeast connection). …

yeast vectors
<molecular biology> Yeast cells that contain genes. ... (11 May 1997) ...

yeast, dried
The dry cells of any suitable strain of saccharomyces cerevisiae or candida utilis. It can be obtained as a by-product from the brewing of beer or by growing on media not suitable for beer production. Dried yeast serves as a source of protein and vitamin b complex. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

yeasts
A general term for single-celled rounded fungi that reproduce by budding. Brewers' and bakers' yeasts are saccharomyces cerevisiae; therapeutic dried yeast is yeast, dried. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

yellow
Being of a bright saffronlike colour; of the colour of gold or brass; having the hue of that part of the rainbow, or of the solar spectrum, which is between the orange and the green. 'Her yellow hair was browded [braided] in a tress.' (Chaucer) 'A sweaty reaper from his tillage brought First fruits, the green ear and the yellow sheaf.' (Milton) 'Th …

yellow atrophy of the liver
See: acute yellow atrophy of the liver. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

yellow body
Synonym for corpus luteum ... <gynaecology> A yellow glandular mass in the ovary formed by an ovarian follicle that has matured and discharged its ovum. The corpus luteum secretes progesterone. ... If the ovum has been impregnated, the corpus luteum increases in size and persists for several months (corpus luteum graviditatis). ... If impregnati …

yellow bone marrow
Bone marrow in which the meshes of the reticular network are filled with fat. ... Synonym: medulla ossium flava. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

yellow cartilage
Synonym for elastic cartilage ... A cartilage in which the cells are surrounded by a territorial capsular matrix outside of which is an interterritorial matrix containing elastic fibre networks in addition to the collagen fibres and ground substance. ... Synonym: yellow cartilage. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

yellow corallin
A sodium salt of aurin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

yellow disease
Synonym for xanthochromia ... The occurrence of patches of yellow colour in the skin, resembling xanthoma, but without the nodules or plates. ... Synonym: cholesteroderma, xanthochroia, xanthoderma, xanthopathy, yellow disease, yellow skin. ... Origin: xantho-+ G. Chroma, colour ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

yellow enzyme
Synonym for flavoenzyme ... Any enzyme that possesses a flavin nucleotide as coenzyme; e.g., xanthine oxidase, succinate dehydrogenase. ... Synonym: yellow enzyme. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

yellow fat cell
<pathology> An adipocyte that has asingle big fat droplet and very little cytoplasm. ... (11 May 1997) ...

yellow fever
<microbiology> An acute febrile illness of tropical regions, caused by a group B arbovirus and spread by a mosquito (Aedes aegypti). ... Characteristic features include: jaundice, black vomit and the absence of urination. Vaccination is available for travelers to endemic areas. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

yellow fever vaccination
A live attenuated (weakened) viral vaccine recommended for people traveling to or living in tropical areas in the americas and africa where yellow fever occurs. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

yellow fever vaccine
A living, attenuated strain (17D) of yellow fever virus propagated in embryonated fowl eggs. ... A suspension of dried mouse brain infected with French neurotropic (Dakar) strain of yellow fever virus, administered topically by the scratch method; not officially recommended in the United States because of meningoencephalitic reactions. ... (05 Mar 20 …

yellow fever virus
<virology> A togavirus (Class IV) with an RNA genome responsible for the disease of the name whose symptoms include fever and haemorrhage. ... Transmitted by the mosquitoes Aedes aegypti and Haemagogus. Only one antigenic type of the virus known and causes fatal hepatitis in many primates, including humans. This virus is endemic to areas of Af …

yellow fibres
Synonym for elastic fibres ... Fibre's that are 0.2 to 2 um in diameter but may be larger in some ligaments; they branch and anastomose to form networks and fuse to form fenestrated membranes; the fibre's and membranes consist of microfibrils about 10 nm wide and an amorphous substance containing elastin. ... Synonym: yellow fibres. ... (05 Mar 2000)< …

yellow hepatisation
The final stage of hepatisation in which the exudate is becoming purulent. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

yellow jacket stings
Stings from yellow jackets and other large stinging insects such as bees, hornets and wasps can trigger allergic reactions of varying severity. Avoidance and prompt treatment are essential. In selected cases, allergy injection therapy is highly effective. (the three a's of insect allergy are adrenaline, avoidance and allergist.) ... (12 Dec 1998) …

yellow ligament
Synonym for ligamentum flavum ... One of a series of bands of yellow (latin flavum) elastic tissue attached to and extending between the ventral portions of the laminae of two adjacent vertebrae, from the junction of the axis and the third cervical vertebra to the junction of the fifth lumbar vertebra and the sacrum. They assist in maintaining or re …

yellow mercury iodide
Synonym for mercurous iodide ... HgI;used externally as an ointment in eye diseases. ... Synonym: mercury protoiodide, yellow mercury iodide. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

yellow nail
The complete or almost complete cessation of all nail growth, with thickening of the nails, increase in the convexity, loss of cuticles, and yellowing; the resulting onycholysis can cause loss of some of the nails; the condition is often associated with pulmonary disease but differs from clubbing in that the soft tissues are not hypertrophic. ... Sy …

yellow nail syndrome
Synonym for yellow nail ... The complete or almost complete cessation of all nail growth, with thickening of the nails, increase in the convexity, loss of cuticles, and yellowing; the resulting onycholysis can cause loss of some of the nails; the condition is often associated with pulmonary disease but differs from clubbing in that the soft tissues …

yellow precipitate
mercuric oxide, yellow ...

yellow skin
Synonym for xanthochromia ... The occurrence of patches of yellow colour in the skin, resembling xanthoma, but without the nodules or plates. ... Synonym: cholesteroderma, xanthochroia, xanthoderma, xanthopathy, yellow disease, yellow skin. ... Origin: xantho-+ G. Chroma, colour ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

yellow soft paraffin
Synonym for petrolatum ... <pharmacology> A semisolid unctuous substance, neutral, and without taste or odour, derived from petroleum by distilling off the lighter portions and purifying the residue. It is a yellowish, fatlike mass, transparent in thin layers, and somewhat fluorescent. It is used as a bland protective dressing, and as a substi …

yellow spot
Synonym for macula retinae ... An oval area of the sensory retina, 3 by 5 mm, temporal to the optic disk corresponding to the posterior pole of the eye; at its centre is the central fovea, which contains only retinal cones. ... Synonym: area centralis, macula lutea, macular area, punctum luteum, Soemmerring's spot, yellow spot. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

yellow vision
Synonym for xanthopsia ... <ophthalmology> A form of chromatopsia in which objects looked at appear yellow. ... Origin: Gr. Opsis = vision ... (11 May 1997) ...

yellow wax
A yellowish, solid, brittle substance prepared from the honeycomb of the bee, Apis mellifera; the chief constituent is myricin (myricyl palmitate); others are cerotic acid (cerin), melissic acid, heptacosane, and hentriacontane; used in the preparation of ointments, cerates, plasters, and suppositories. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

yellow yolk
The chief constituent of the yolk in a bird's egg; it consists of relatively coarse particles of stored food materials and is laid down in concentric zones with interposed thin layers of white yolk. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

yellowhammer
<zoology> A common European finch (Emberiza citrinella). The colour of the male is bright yellow on the breast, neck, and sides of the head, with the back yellow and brown, and the top of the head and the tail quills blackish. ... Synonym: yellow bunting, scribbling lark, and writing lark. ... Alternative forms: yellow-ammer. ... The flicker. …