Copy of `mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary`
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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary
Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary
Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK
Words: 116197
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yellows1. <veterinary> A disease of the bile in horses, cattle, and sheep, causing yellowness of the eyes; jaundice. 'His horse . . . Sped with spavins, rayed with the yellows.' (Shak) ... 2. <botany> A disease of plants, especially. Of peach trees, in which the leaves turn to a yellowish colour; jeterus. ... 3. <zoology> A group of butter …
yellowtail<zoology> Any one of several species of marine carangoid fishes of the genus Seriola; especially, the large California species (S. Dorsalis) which sometimes weighs thirty or forty pounds, and is highly esteemed as a food fish. ... Synonym: cavasina, and white salmon. ... The mademoiselle, or silver perch. ... The menhaden. ... The runner. ... A Ca …
yellowwood<botany> The wood of any one of several different kinds of trees; also, any one of the trees themselves. Among the trees so called are the Cladrastis tinctoria, an American leguminous tree; the several species of prickly ash (Xanthoxylum); the Australian Flindersia Oxleyana, a tree related to the mahogany; certain South African species of Pod …
yeomanOrigin: OE. Yoman, yeman, yoman; of uncertain origin; perhaps the first, syllable is akin to OFries. Ga district, region, G. Gau, OHG. Gewi, gouwi, Goth. Gawi. ... 1. A common man, or one of the commonly of the first or most respectable class; a freeholder; a man free born. ... A yeoman in England is considered as next in order to the gentry. The wor …
yerba<botany> An herb; a plant. ... This word is much used in compound names of plants in Spanish; as, yerba buena [Sp, a good herb], a name applied in Spain to several kinds of mint (Mentha sativa, viridis, etc), but in California universally applied to a common, sweet-scented labiate plant (Micromeria Douglasii). Yerba dol osa. [Sp, herb of the s …
yerba santaSynonym: eriodictyon. ... Origin: Sp. Sacred herb ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Yersinia<bacteria> Genus of gram-negative bacteria of the Enterobacteriaceae, all are parasites or pathogens. Yersinia pestis (formerly Pasteurella pestis) was the cause of the Black Death plague. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
yersinia enterocolitica<radiology> Gram (-) rod, most common infection of small bowel, superficial, self-limited, TI is preferred site, three stages: nodular, edematous, resolution (each 2 weeks) Differential diagnosis: Peyer's patches, Crohn disease ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
Yersinia frederikseniiReclassified from Y. Enterocolitica; rare cause of enterocolitis in humans. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
yersinia infectionsInfections with bacteria of the genus yersinia. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
Yersinia intermediaReclassified from Y. Enterocolitica; rare cause of enterocolitis in humans. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Yersinia kristenseniiReclassified from Y. Enterocolitica; pathogenicity uncertain. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
yersinia pestisThe bacterial cause of the bubonic plague which in the year 541 (as the black death) and later in the middle ages decimated europe. The effects of the plague are described in the nursery rhyme we all fall down. It is transmitted to humans by the bite of fleas that have fed on infected animals, mostly rodents. Plague occurs in the u.s. It is treatab …
yersinia pseudotuberculosisA human and animal pathogen causing mesenteric lymphadenitis, diarrhoea, and bacteraemia. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
Yersinina pestis<disease, organism> Yersinina pestis is a gram-negative, rod-shaped, faculatively anaerobic bacterial species in the family Enterobacteriaceae. ... It causes bubonic plaque, which is transmitted by rodent fleas. Historically known as the Black Plague, this disease devastated Europe and Asia in the 1300s. ... It still exists today and is charact …
yersiniosisA common human infectious disease caused by Yersinia enterocolitica and marked by diarrhoea, enteritis, pseudoappendicitis, ileitis, erythema nodosum, and sometimes septicaemia or acute arthritis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
yesAy; yea; a word which expresses affirmation or consent; opposed to no. ... Yes is used, like yea, to enforce, by repetition or addition, something which precedes; as, you have done all this yes, you have done more. 'Yes, you despise the man books confined.' ... 'The fine distinction between 'yea' and 'yes,' 'nay' and 'no,' that once existed in Englis …
yew<botany> A type of tree found in temperate climates, different families (taxus) in North & South America, China, Africa and Europe. ... Taxol and taxotere - promising investigational chemotherapeutic agents, are both derived from this family of trees. Although they are now in clinical use, their high expense prevent many from using them. T …
yield<botany> Standing crop expressed as a rate, i.e., grams dry weight per metre square per day. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
yield strengthThe amount of stress at which a permanent (plastic) deformation in a component becomes measurable (usually taken as 0.2% permanent strain). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
yield stressThe critical stress that must be applied to a material before it begins to flow, as in a Bingham plastic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
yieldingInclined to give way, or comply; flexible; compliant; accommodating; as, a yielding temper. Yielding and paying, the initial words of that clause in leases in which the rent to be paid by the lessee is mentioned and reserved. ... Synonym: Obsequious; attentive. ... Yielding, Obsequious, Attentive. In many cases a man may be attentive or yielding in a …
yin deficiencyIn the yin-yang system of philosophy and medicine, an insufficiency of body fluid (called yinxu), manifesting often as irritability, thirst, constipation, etc.. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
yin-yangIn chinese philosophy and religion, two principles, one negative, dark, and feminine (yin) and one positive, bright, and masculine (yang), from whose interaction all things are produced and all things are dissolved. As a concept the two polar elements referred originally to the shady and sunny sides of a valley or a hill but it developed into the r …
YKR2 protein kinase<enzyme> Gene from saccharomyces cerevisiae; has about 40% sequence identity to serine/threonine specific protein kinases from various species ... Registry number: EC 2.7.1.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...
ylidesA class of compounds in which a positively charged negative element from group V or VI of the periodic table (e.g., N, O, S, P) is bonded to a carbon atom having an unshared pair of electrons; ylides have been observed in a number of enzyme-catalyzed reactions. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
ym-shift<microbiology> The change in shape by dimorphic fungi when they shift from the yeast (Y) form in the animal body to the mould or mycelial form (M) in the environment. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
yogaA major orthodox system of hindu philosophy based on sankhya (metaphysical dualism) but differing from it in being theistic and characterised by the teaching of raja-yoga as a practical method of liberating the self. It includes a system of exercises for attaining bodily or mental control and well-being with liberation of the self and union with th …
yoghurtFermented, partially evaporated, whole milk prepared by maintaining it at 50°C for 12 hours after the addition of a mixed culture of Lactobacillus bulgaricus, L. Acidophilus, and Streptococcus lactis; used as a food. ... Origin: Turkish ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
yogurtA common dish made of milk curdled and fermented with a culture of lactobacillus (the milk bacillus). The word was acquired in the 1620s from turkey. It can be spelled myriad ways including yogurt, yoghurt, yaghourt, yooghurt, yughard, and yaourt. The most popular spellings in the anglo-saxon world are yogurt and yoghurt while in france one eats ya …
yohimbine<chemical> A plant alkaloid with alpha-2-adrenergic blocking activity. Yohimbine has been used as a mydriatic and in the treatment of impotence. It is also alleged to be an aphrodisiac. ... Pharmacological action: adrenergic alpha-antagonists, aphrodisiacs, mydriatics, sympatholytics. ... Chemical name: Yohimban-16-carboxylic acid, 17-hydroxy-, …
yoke<microscopy> The assembly of electromagnetic coils that are placed over the camera tube or the neck of a picture tube or a cathode-ray tube of the magnetic focusing type. The focusing coil in the yoke controls the convergence of the electron beam. The H- and V-deflection coils deflect the electron beam so that it sweeps the target or phosphor …
yoke boneSynonym for zygomatic bone ... A quadrilateral bone which forms the prominence of the cheek; it articulates with the frontal, sphenoid, temporal, and maxillary bone. ... Synonym: os zygomaticum, cheek bone, jugal bone, mala, malar bone, os malare, yoke bone, zygoma. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
yolk cell<cell biology> In those eggs in which the yolk is not distributed evenly (telolecithal eggs) the cells formed when cleavage reaches the yolk region can be termed yolk cells. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
yolk cellsPrimitive embryonic cell's lying between the endoderm and mesoderm; they probably give rise to the endothelium of vitelline vessels. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
yolk cleavageSegmentation of the vitellus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
yolk membraneSynonym for membrana vitellina ... The membrane enveloping the yolk; specifically, the thickened cell membrane of large-yolked ova. ... Synonym: ovular membrane, vitelline membrane. ... Sometimes used to designate the zona pellucida of a mammalian ovum. ... Synonym: yolk membrane. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
yolk sac<embryology, ornithology> One of the set of extra embryonic membranes, growing out from the gut over the yolk surface, in birds formed from the splanchnopleure, an outer layer of splanchnic mesoderm and an inner layer of endoderm. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
yolk sac carcinomaSynonym for endocervical sinus tumour ... Malignant germ cell tumour commonly found in the ovary. The tumour arises from primitive germ cells and develops into extra-embryonic tissue resembling the yolk sac. ... Synonym: yolk sac carcinoma. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
yolk sac tumourSynonym for endodermal sinus tumour ... An unusual and aggressive tumour of germ-cell origin that reproduces the extraembryonic structures of the early embryo. It is the most common malignant germ cell tumour found in children. It is characterised by a labyrinthine glandular pattern of flat epithelial cells and rounded papillary processes with a cen …
yolk stalkA narrow tube present in the early embryo that connects the midgut of the embryo (through the umbilical opening) to the yolk sac outside the embryo. Later in development, the yolk stalk is usually obliterated but a remnants of it may persist, most commonly as a finger-like protrusion from the small intestine known as meckel's diverticulum. Found in …
Yorke's autolytic reactionA test for paroxysmal haemoglobinuria; serum is placed in an ice chest and kept at 0°C for 5 to 7 minutes, then in an incubator at 37°C with erythrocytes for 1 hour, at which time, if the reaction is positive, haemolysis occurs; if the serum is kept at 1°C for an hour and then placed in the incubator with erythrocytes there is little haemolysis. …
young1. Not long born; still in the first part of life; not yet arrived at adolescence, maturity, or age; not old; juvenile; said of animals; as, a young child; a young man; a young fawn. 'For he so young and tender was of age.' (Chaucer) ''Whom the gods love, die young,' has been too long carelessly said; . . . Whom the gods love, live young forever.' …
Young prostatic tractorA short, straight tubular instrument with blades at its tip, which can be rotated open and closed; it is passed into the prostatic urethra, through a prostatotomy incision made during the later stages of open perineal prostatectomy, with its tip into the bladder; direct traction on the instrument brings the prostate gland down into the operative fi …
Young syndrome<syndrome> Obstructive azoospermia and chronic sinopulmonary infections. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Young, Hugh<person> U.S. Urologist, 1870-1945. ... See: Young prostatic tractor. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Young, Thomas<person> English physician and physicist, 1773-1829. ... See: Young's modulus, Young's rule, Young-Helmholtz theory of colour vision. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Young, William<person> 20th century Australian biochemist. ... See: Harden-Young ester. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Young's ruleAn obsolete rule to determine a child's dose: 12 is added to the child's age and the sum is divided by the age; the adult dose divided by the figure so obtained gives the proper dose. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
youthThe time between childhood and maturity. (unfortunately, as the songwriter sammy cahn noted, youth is wasted on the young. ) ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
youthful1. Not yet mature or aged; young. 'Two youthful knights.' Also used figuratively. 'The youthful season of the year.' ... 2. Of or pertaining to the early part of life; suitable to early life; as, youthful days; youthful sports. 'Warm, youthful blood.' 'Youthful thoughts.' ... 3. Fresh; vigorous, as in youth. ... Synonym: puerile, juvenile. ... Youthful …
Yrk kinase<enzyme> Non-receptor type protein kinase of src family; consists of 536 amino acids and has all the canonical features of a src kinase; expressed at elevated levels in neuronal and haematopoietic tissues; amino acid sequence given in first source ... Registry number: EC 2.7.1.- ... Synonym: yes-related kinase, yrk protein ... (26 Jun 1999) ...
YRP kinase<enzyme> Yrp - tyrosine-regulated protein kinase; activated by v-src and protein kinase c-mediated signal transduction pathways ... Registry number: EC 2.7.10.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...
yscJ proteinase<enzyme> A 58kda protein that cleaves tyr-lys bond; inhibited by mercury and edta6 ... Registry number: EC 3.4.24.- ... Synonym: proteinase yscj ... (26 Jun 1999) ...
YSK1 kinase<enzyme> Ysk1 - yeast sps1/ste20-related kinase 1; a mammalian kinase structurally related to ste20 and sps1 but not involved in known mapk pathways; amino acid sequence given in first source ... Registry number: EC 2.7.10.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...
ytterbium<chemistry, element> A rare element of the boron group, sometimes associated with yttrium or other related elements, as in euxenite and gadolinite. Cf. Yttrium. ... Ytterbium is associated with other rare elements, and probably has not been prepared in a pure state. ... Atomic weight: 173.2 ... Abbreviation: Yb ... Origin: NL, fr. Ytterby, in Swe …
yttrium<chemistry> A rare metallic element of the boron-aluminium group, found in gadolinite and other rare minerals, and extracted as a dark gray powder. Symbol Y. Atomic weight. ... Alternative forms: ittrium. ... Associated with yttrium are certain rare elements, as erbium, ytterbium, samarium, etc, which are separated in a pure state with great di …
yttrium isotopesStable yttrium atoms that have the same atomic number as the element yttrium, but differ in atomic weight. Y-89 is the only naturally occurring stable isotope of yttrium. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
yttrium radioisotopesUnstable isotopes of yttrium that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Y atoms with atomic weights 82-88 and 90-96 are radioactive yttrium isotopes. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
yttrium-90An artificial radioactive isotope with a physical half-life of 2.67 days which decays with the emission of a 2.282 Mev b particle; used as an implant in pituitary ablation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
yucca<zoology> See Flicker. ... <botany> A genus of American liliaceous, sometimes arborescent, plants having long, pointed, and often rigid, leaves at the top of a more or less woody stem, and bearing a large panicle of showy white blossoms. ... The species with more rigid leaves (as Yucca aloifolia, Y. Treculiana, and Y. Baccata) are called …
yuen<zoology> The crowned gibbon (Hylobates pileatus), native of Siam, Southern China, and the Island of Hainan. It is entirely arboreal in its habits, and has very long arms. The males are dark brown or blackish, with a caplike mass of long dark hair, and usually with a white band around the face. The females are yellowish white, with a dark spo …
yugoslaviaCreated as the kingdom of serbs, croats, and slovenes in 1918. Yugoslavia became the official name in 1929. Bosnia-herzegovina, croatia, and slovenia formed independent countries and split from yugoslavia 7 april 1992. Macedonia, one of the yugoslav republics, became an independent country 8 february 1994 as the former yugoslav republic of macedoni …
yukon territoryA territory of northwest canada, bounded on the north by the arctic ocean, on the south by british columbia, and on the west by alaska. Its capital is whitehorse. It takes its name from the yukon river, the indian yu-kun-ah, meaning big river. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
yuleChristmas or Christmastide; the feast of the Nativity of our Savior. 'And at each pause they kiss; was never seen such rule In any place but here, at bonfire, or at Yule.' (Drayton) Yule block, or Yule log, a large log of wood formerly put on the hearth of Christmas eve, as the foundation of the fire. It was brought in with much ceremony. Yule clog …
Yvon, PaulPaul, French physician and chemist, 1848-1913. ... See: Yvon's test. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Yvon's testFor alkaloids; to the suspected solution is added a mixture of bismuth subnitrate, potassium iodide, and hydrochloric acid in water; a positive reaction is indicated by the appearance of a red colour; for acetanilid in the urine; the suspected fluid is extracted with chloroform and heated with yellow nitrate of mercury; if acetanilid is present, th …
Z bandSynonym for Z line ... <cell biology> The line formed where actin filaments attach between two sarcomeres. ... (11 May 1997) ...
Z chromosome<genetics> This is a sex chromosome in certain animals such as chickens and moths. In the Z chromosome karyotype, females are heterogametic, so males are ZZ and females are WZ. ... (11 May 1997) ...
Z disc<cell biology> Region of the sarcomere into which thin filaments are inserted. Location of _ actinin in the sarcomere. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
Z diskSynonym for Z line ... <cell biology> The line formed where actin filaments attach between two sarcomeres. ... (11 May 1997) ...
Z filamentThe thin zig-zag structure at the Z line of striated muscle fibres to which the actin filament's attach. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Z geneThe structural gene for beta-galactosidase. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Z glucanase<enzyme> Beta-glucanase component of zymolyase ... Registry number: EC 3.2.1.- ... Synonym: z-glucanase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...
Z line<cell biology> The line formed where actin filaments attach between two sarcomeres. ... (11 May 1997) ...
Z procedureSynonym for Z-plasty ... Surgery to elongate a contracted scar or to rotate tension 90°; the middle line of a Z-shaped incision is made along the line of greatest tension or contraction, and triangular flaps are raised on opposite sides of the two ends and transposed. ... Synonym: Z procedure. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Z protease<enzyme> Component of zymolyase ... Registry number: EC 3.4.- ... Synonym: z-protease ... (26 Jun 1999) ...
Z scheme of photosynthesis<biochemistry, biology> A schematic representation of the light reactions of photosynthesis, in which the photosynthetic reaction centres and electron carriers are arranged according to their electrode potential (free energy) in one dimension and their reaction sequence in the second dimension. ... This gives a Z shape, the two reaction centre …
Z-DNA<molecular biology> A form of DNA, or a region of DNA, in which the helix is flipped into a lefthanded helix, characterised by alternating purines and pyrimidines. ... This region is thought to be the target of a DNA-binding protein. ... (20 Jun 2000) ...
z-pinch<radiobiology> Pinch device in which the externally-driven pinching current goes in the z direction (parallel to / through the cylindrical plasma). ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
Z-plastySurgery to elongate a contracted scar or to rotate tension 90°; the middle line of a Z-shaped incision is made along the line of greatest tension or contraction, and triangular flaps are raised on opposite sides of the two ends and transposed. ... Synonym: Z procedure. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Z-proteinA fatty acid-binding protein that participates in the intracellular movement of fatty acids. ... Synonym: fatty acid binding protein. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Z-tract injectionA technique in which the skin and subcutaneous tissue are displaced laterally before inserting the needle intramuscularly; used to prevent leakage along the track of the needle and consequent tissue irritation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Zaffaroni systemA chromatographic system for the separation of steroids. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Zaffaroni, Alejandro<person> U.S. Chemist and biochemist, *1923. ... See: Zaffaroni system. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Zaglas, John<person> 19th century anatomist's assistant in Edinburgh. ... See: Zaglas' ligament. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Zaglas' ligament<anatomy> A short thick fibrous band extending from the posterior superior spine of the ilium to the second transverse tubercle of the sacrum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Zahn, Friedrich<person> German pathologist, 1845-1904. ... See: Zahn's infarct, lines of Zahn, striae of Zahn. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Zahn's infarctA pseudoinfarct of the liver, consisting of an area of congestion with parenchymal atrophy but no necrosis; due to obstruction of a branch of the portal vein. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
zalcitabine<chemical> A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication at low concentrations, acting as a chai …
Zambesi ulcerAn ulcer, usually single, about 3 cm in diameter, on the foot or leg, occurring in laborers in the Zambesi Delta; it has a sloughing surface, but does not spread and produces no constitutional symptoms or glandular enlargement; it is associated with the presence of a spirillum and a large fusiform bacillus; one attack seems to confer a partial immu …
zambiaA republic in southern africa, south of democratic republic of the congo and tanzania, and north of zimbabwe. Its capital is lusaka. It was formerly called northern rhodesia. Under the jurisdiction of the british south africa company 1889-1924, it became a british protectorate in 1924, then part of the federation of rhodesia and nyasaland 1953-63. …
Zambusch, Leo von<person> 20th century German physician. ... See: generalised pustular psoriasis of Zambusch. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
zantac<drug> Proprietry name for ranitidine. An H2 antagonist. ... (15 Nov 1997) ...
ZAP-70 kinase<enzyme> Associated with the t-cell receptor zeta chain; amino acid sequence given in first source ... Registry number: EC 2.7.1.- ... Synonym: zap-70 protein, zap-70 gene product ... (26 Jun 1999) ...
Zappert counting chamberA special, standardised glass slide used for counting cells (especially erythrocytes and leukocytes) and other particulate material in a measured volume of fluid; the central portion is precisely ground in such a manner that the uniformly flat surface is exactly 0.1 mm lower than that of two parallel ridges on which a special, uniformly flat covers …
Zappert, Julius<person> Austrian physician, 1867-1942. ... See: Zappert counting chamber. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
zearalenone<chemical> (s-(e))-3,4,5,6,8,10-hexahydro-14,16-dihydroxy-3-methyl-1h-2-benzoxacyclotetradecin-1,7(8h)-dione. One of a group of compounds known under the general designation of resorcylic acid lactones. Cis, trans, dextro and levo forms have been isolated from the fungus gibberella zeae (formerly fusarium graminearum). They have oestrogenic a …
zeatin<molecular biology, plant biology> A naturally occurring cytokinin, originally isolated from maize seeds. Its riboside is also a cytokinin. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
zeaxanthinB,beta-carotene-3,3'-diol;a carotene found in corn, fruits, seeds, and egg yolk; isomeric with xanthophyll. ... Synonym: zeaxanthol. ... Origin: Mod. L. Zea, Indian corn, fr. L. Zea, grain + G. Xanthos, yellow, + -in ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
