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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

xenon
<chemical> A noble gas with the atomic symbol xe, atomic number 54, and atomic weight 131.30. It is found in the earth's atmosphere and has been used as an anaesthetic. ... Pharmacological action: anaesthetics, inhalation. ... Chemical name: Xenon ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

xenon 133
<radiology> Xe-133, half-life: 5.2 days, 80 keV photon, dose for V/Q imaging = 20 mCi Cf: other lung ventilation agents ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

xenon isotopes
Stable xenon atoms that have the same atomic number as the element xenon, but differ in atomic weight. Xe-124, 126, 128-131, 134, and 136 are stable xenon isotopes. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

xenon radioisotopes
Unstable isotopes of xenon that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Xe atoms with atomic weights 121-123, 125, 127, 133, 135, 137-145 are radioactive xenon isotopes. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

xenon-133
A radioisotope of xenon with a gamma emission at 81 keV and a physical half-life of 5.243 days; used in the study of pulmonary function and organ blood flow. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

xenoparasite
An ecoparasite that becomes pathogenic in consequence of weakened resistance on the part of its host. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

xenophobia
<psychology> Morbid fear of strangers. ... Origin: xeno-+ G. Phobos, fear ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

xenophonia
A speech defect marked by an alteration in accent and intonation. ... Origin: xeno-+ G. Phone, voice ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

xenophthalmia
An obsolete term for inflammation excited by the presence of a foreign body in the eye. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Xenopsylla
The rat flea; a genus of fleas parasitic on the rat and involved in the transmission of bubonic plague. The species Xenopsylla cheopis serves as a potent vector of Yersinia pestis, largely because its gut becomes 'blocked' by a mass of Y. Pestis cells which prevents the flea from feeding normally, so that it is inclined to attack man and other host …

Xenopus
<molecular biology> The genus of African clawed toads, X. Laevis is widely used in developmental biology and was formerly used in pregnancy diagnosis. Ovulates easily under influence of luteinising hormone. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

xenopus laevis
The commonest and widest ranging species of the clawed 'frog' (xenopus) in africa. This species is used extensively in research. There is now a significant population in california derived from escaped laboratory animals. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

xenosome
1. <marine biology> A bacterial endosymbiont of certain marine protozoans. ... 2. Inorganic particles in various testate amoebae. ... Origin: Gr. Soma = body ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

xenotransplantation
<procedure> The surgical removal of an organ or tissue from one species and transplanting it into a member of a different species, for example: the use of a baboon heart in a human being. ... (11 May 1997) ...

xenotropic
<virology> Refers to a genetically transmitted retrovirus that cannot replicate in the host species that is harboring it but which can infect and can only replicate in the cells of a dfferent species. ... (11 May 1997) ...

xenotropic virus
<virology> A virus that can be grown on cells of a species foreign to the normal host species. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

xeransis
A gradual loss of moisture in the tissues. ... Origin: G. Xeransis, fr. Xeros, dry ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

xerantic
Denoting xeransis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

xerasia
A condition of the hair characterised by dryness and brittleness. ... Origin: G. Xerasia, fr. Xeros, dry ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

xeric
<ecology> Characterised by a scanty supply of moisture, tolerating, or adapted to, arid conditions. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

xero-
Dry. ... Origin: G. Xeros ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

xerochilia
Dryness of lips. ... Origin: xero-+ G. Cheilos, lip ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

xeroderma pigmentosum
<disease> A rare inherited (autosomal recessive) disease in humans associated with increased sensitivity to ultraviolet induced mutagenesis and thus skin cancer. Sensitivity can be demonstrated in cultured cells and appears to be due to deficiency in DNA repair, specifically in excision of ultraviolet induced thymine dimers. Afflicted individ …

xerogram
Synonym for xeroradiograph ... The permanent record made by xeroradiography. ... Synonym: xerogram. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

xerography
Synonym for xeroradiography ... A photoelectric method of recording an X-ray image on a coated metal plate, using low-energy photon beams, long exposure time and dry chemical developers. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

xeroma
Synonym for xerophthalmia ... <disease> A dryness of the conjunctiva and cornea due to vitamin A deficiency. The condition begins with night blindness and conjunctival xerosis and progresses to corneal xerosis, and, in the late stages, to keratomalacia. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

xeromammography
Xeroradiography of the breast. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

xeromenia
An obsolete term for occurrence of the usual constitutional symptoms at the menstrual period without any show of blood. ... Origin: xero-+ G. Meniaia, menses ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

xeromorph
<botany> A plant having structural features usually associated with plants of arid habitats (such as hard or succulent leaves) but not necessarily drought-tolerant. ... Compare: scleromorph, xerophyte. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

xeromycteria
Extreme dryness of the nasal mucous membrane. ... Origin: xero-+ G. Mykter, the nose ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

xeronosus
Synonym: xerosis. ... Origin: xero-+ G. Nosos, disease ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

xerophagia
Eating a dry diet. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

xerophile
<biology, zoology> An organism adapted to growth at very low water potentials. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

xerophthalmia
<disease> A dryness of the conjunctiva and cornea due to vitamin A deficiency. The condition begins with night blindness and conjunctival xerosis and progresses to corneal xerosis, and, in the late stages, to keratomalacia. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

xerophthalmus
Synonym for xerophthalmia ... <disease> A dryness of the conjunctiva and cornea due to vitamin A deficiency. The condition begins with night blindness and conjunctival xerosis and progresses to corneal xerosis, and, in the late stages, to keratomalacia. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

xerophyte
<botany> A plant that survives or thrives in areas with very little moisture. ... (06 May 1997) ...

xerophytic
<ecology> Adapted to survive in a region where access to water is limited. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

xeropthalmia
Dry eyes. Also, called conjunctivitis arida. Xeropthalmia can be associated with systemic diseases (such as sjogren's syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma, sarcoidosis, amyloidosis, hypothyroidism, and others) or deficiency of vitamin a. Xeropthalmia results from inadequate function of the lacrimal glands which …

xeroradiograph
The permanent record made by xeroradiography. ... Synonym: xerogram. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

xeroradiography
A photoelectric method of recording an X-ray image on a coated metal plate, using low-energy photon beams, long exposure time and dry chemical developers. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

xerosis
Pathologic dryness of the skin (xeroderma), the conjunctiva (xerophthalmia), or mucous membranes. ... Synonym: xeronosus. ... Origin: xero-+ G. -osis, condition ... Xerosis parenchymatosus, superficial drying of the conjunctiva due to diffuse scarring, with closure of the lacrimal gland openings. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

xerostomia
<symptom> A dryness of the mouth from salivary gland dysfunction, often seen in patients with Sjogren syndrome. ... (30 Sep 1997) ...

xerotes
Dryness. ... Origin: G. Xerotes ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

xerotic
Dry; affected with xerosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

xerotic degeneration
Scarring of the conjunctiva associated with keratinised epithelium. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

xerotic keratitis
Synonym for keratomalacia ... Dryness with ulceration and perforation of the cornea, with absence of inflammatory reactions, occurring in cachectic children; results from severe vitamin A deficiency. ... Synonym: xerotic keratitis. ... Origin: kerato-+ G. Malakia, softness ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

xerotripsis
Dry friction. ... Origin: xero-+ G. Tripsis, a rubbing, fr. Tribo, to rub ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Xg antigen
xg blood group ...

xid mouse
<genetics> A lab mouse that has a Y-linked immune deficiency gene. ... (06 May 1997) ...

xipamide
<chemical> 4-chloro-5-sulfamoyl-2',6'-salicyloxylidide. Sulfamoyl diuretic and saluretic with antihypertensive activity. It is bound to plasma proteins, thus has a delayed onset and prolonged action. ... Pharmacological action: antihypertensive agents, diuretics, sulfamyl. ... Chemical name: Benzamide, 5-(aminosulfonyl)-4-chloro-N-(2,6-dimethyl …

xiphisternal
Relating to the xiphoid process. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

xiphisternal crunching sound
See: Hamman's sign. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

xiphisternal joint
The cartilaginous union between the xiphoid process and the body of the sternum. ... Synonym: synchondrosis xiphosternalis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

xipho-
Xiph-xiphi- ... Xiphoid, usually the processus xyphoideus. ... Origin: G. Xiphos, sword ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

xiphocostal
Relating to the xiphoid process and the ribs. ... Origin: xipho-+ L. Costa, rib ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

xiphodynia
Pain of a neuralgic character, in the region of the xiphoid cartilage. ... See: hypersensitive xiphoid syndrome. ... Synonym: xiphoidalgia. ... Origin: xipho-+ G. Odyne, pain ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

xiphoid cartilage
Synonym for xiphoid process ... <anatomy> Composed of cartilage at the inferior aspect of the sternal body. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

xiphoid process
<anatomy> Composed of cartilage at the inferior aspect of the sternal body. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

xiphoidalgia
Synonym: xiphodynia. ... Origin: xiphoid + G. Algos, pain ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

xiphoiditis
Inflammation of the xiphoid process of the sternum. ... Origin: xiphoid + G. -itis, inflammation ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

xiphopagus
Conjoined twins united in the region of the xiphoid process of the sternum. ... See: conjoined twins. ... Origin: xipho-+ G. Pagos, something fixed ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Xiphophorus test
Synonym for swordfish test ... A rarely used test for androgenic activity, based upon the fact that androgens cause the development of the sword, a male structure, in female swordfish (Xiphophorus helleri) ... Synonym: Xiphophorus test. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

XMP
<abbreviation> Xanthosine 5'-monophosphate. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

XO female
The genetic female in Turner's syndrome, where the criterion is the macroscopic appearance of the external genitals. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

XO syndrome
Synonym for Turner's syndrome ... <syndrome> A rare genetic disorder (1 in 3,000 births) in women that is characterised by the absence of an X chromosome. This disorder inhibits normal sexual development and causes infertility. ... Features include webbing of the neck, short stature, retarded development of secondary sex characteristics, absenc …

Xolloid metalloproteinase
<enzyme> Tolloid-like protein from xenopus with development-regulating activity; acts as a ventralizing agent that mimics low doses of bone morphogenetic protein-4 ... Registry number: EC 3.4.24.- ... Synonym: xolloid gene product ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

XTP
<abbreviation> Xanthosine 5'-triphosphate. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

XX male
A clear male phenotype in the presence of a 46,XX karyotype; presumably the vital parts of the Y chromosome are located elsewhere in the genome as a result of translocation at least in some of these persons. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

XXX female
See: triple X syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

XXY male
See: Klinefelter's syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

XXY syndrome
Synonym for klinefelter's syndrome ... <syndrome> A condition characterised by small testes with hyalinization of the seminiferous tubules, variable degrees of masculinization, azoospermia and infertility, and increased urinary excretion of gonadotropin. Patients tend to be tall, with long legs, and about half have gybecomastia. It is associat …

Xy
<abbreviation> Xylose. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Xyl
<abbreviation> Xylose. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

xylan
<plant biology> Plant cell wall polysaccharide containing a backbone of _(1-4) linked xylose residues. Side chains of 4 O methylglucuronic acid and arabinose are present in varying amounts (see glucuronoxylan and arabinoxylan), together with acetyl groups. Found in the hemicellulose fraction of the wall matrix. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

xylans
Polysaccharides consisting of xylose units. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

xylazine
<chemical> Proposed as sedative, analgesic, and muscle relaxant in cattle. ... Chemical name: 4H-1,3-Thiazin-2-amine, N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-5,6-dihydro- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

xylem
<plant biology> Plant tissue in vascular plants that carries water and nutrients up from the roots to the shoot and leaves. Contains tracheids, vessels, fibre cells and parenchyma. Also provides structural support for the plant, especially in wood. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

xylene
<chemistry> Any of a group of three metameric hydrocarbons of the aromatic series, found in coal and wood tar, and so named because found in crude wood spirit. They are colourless, oily, inflammable liquids, C6H4.(CH3)2, being dimethyl benzenes, and are called respectively orthoxylene, metaxylene, and paraxylene. ... Synonym: xylol. ... Each of …

xylene cyanol FF
An acidic triphenylmethane dye used for histochemical staining of haemoglobin peroxidase and as a tracking dye for DNA sequencing in electrophoresis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

xylene monooxygenase
<enzyme> Coded by the tol plasmid of pseudomonas putida, oxidises the methyl side chain of toluene and xylenes ... Registry number: EC 1.14.13.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

xylenes
A family of isomeric, colourless aromatic hydrocarbon liquids, that contain the general formula c6h4(ch3)2. They are produced by the destructive distillation of coal or by the catalytic reforming of petroleum naphthenic fractions. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

xylidine
<chemistry> Any one of six metameric hydrocarbons, (CH3)2.C6H3.NH2, resembling aniline, and related to xylene. They are liquids, or easily fusible crystalline substances, of which three are derived from metaxylene, two from orthoxylene, and one from paraxylene. They are called the amido xylenes. ... The xylidine of commerce, used in making cer …

xylitol
<chemical> A five-carbon sugar alcohol derived from xylose by reduction of the carbonyl group. It is as sweet as sucrose. It is used as a noncariogenic sweetner and as a sugar substitute in diabetic diets. ... Chemical name: Xylitol ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

xylitol 5-phosphate dehydrogenase
<enzyme> Forms xylulose 5-phosphate ... Registry number: EC 1.1.1.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

xylitol dehydrogenase
Synonym for xylulose reductase ... <enzyme> An enzyme that reversibly converts xylulose to xylitol using either NADH (d-xylulose reductase) or NADPH (l-xylulose reductase); a deficiency of the l-form is seen in individuals with essential pentosuria. ... Synonym: xylitol dehydrogenase. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

xylo-
<prefix> A combining form meaning from wood; as in xylogen, xylograph. ... Origin: Gr. Xylon = wood ... (29 Oct 1998) ...

xylobiose
A disaccharide of two xylose residues linked b1&rarr;4, both in pyranose rings. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

xyloglucan
<plant biology> Plant cell wall polysaccharide containing a backbone of _(1-4) linked glucose residues to most of which single xylose residues are attached as side chains. Galactose, fucose and arabinose may also be present in smaller amounts. It is the major hemicellulose of dicotyledonous primary walls and acts as a food reserve in some see …

xyloglucan 2-fucosyltransferase
<enzyme> Adds 1,2-alphafucosyl units to plant xyloglucans ... Registry number: EC 2.4.1.- ... Synonym: GDP-fucose-xyloglucan 1,2-alpha-l-fucosyltransferase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

xyloglucan 2-galactosyltransferase
<enzyme> Attaches galactose in a 1,2-beta-linkage to xylosyl side chains that are linked 1,6-alpha- to the 1,4-beta-glucan backbone of plant xyloglucans ... Registry number: EC 2.4.1.- ... Synonym: xg galactosyltransferase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

xyloglucan endotransglycosylase
<enzyme> Detected in extracts of the growing portions of dicotyledons, monocotyledons, and bryophytes; causes the wall-loosening required for plant cell expansion by transfering a large segment of a xyloglucan molecule to another xyloglucan molecule ... Registry number: EC 2.4.1.- ... Synonym: xyloglucan-xyloglucan xyloglucanotransferase, xet t …

xyloketose
Synonym for xylulose ... <biochemistry> A 5 carbon ketose sugar, whose 5 phosphate is an intermediate in the pentose phosphate pathway and the Calvin cycle. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

xylometazoline hydrochloride
2-(4'-tert-Butyl-2',6'-dimethylphenylmethyl)imidazoline hydrochloride;a sympathomimetic drug used as a nasal decongestant. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

xylonic acid
A mild oxidation product of xylose. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

xylophone
1. An instrument common among the Russians, Poles, and Tartars, consisting of a series of strips of wood or glass graduated in length to the musical scale, resting on belts of straw, and struck with two small hammers. Called in Germany strohfiedel, or straw fiddle. ... 2. An instrument to determine the vibrative properties of different kinds of wood …

xylopyranose
Xylose in pyranose form. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

xylose
<biochemistry> Monosaccharide pentose that is found in xylans, very abundant components of hemicelluloses. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

xylose isomerase
<enzyme> Note that xyla has been used to refer to both xylose isomerase and xylanase a ... Registry number: EC 5.3.1.5 ... Synonym: glucose isomerase, d-acidic-ketolysoisomerase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

xylose test
A laboratory aid in diagnosing alimentary or essential pentosuria, conditions in which xylose (a pentose) is excreted; the xylose may be identified by rapid reduction of Benedict's solution, by nonfermentation by yeasts, or by a positive Bial's test for pentose. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

xylose tolerance test
<investigation> This test measures the intestine's ability to absorb the simple sugar, D-xylose. ... This is an indicator for whether or not nutrients are being absorbed properly in the intestine. This test is often used to evaluate persistent diarrhoea, weight loss, malnutrition and cases of suspected malabsorption. ... Abnormal results may be …