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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

X-ray film
A film base coated with an emulsion designed for use with X-rays. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

X-ray generator
The electronic device that controls production of X-rays in radiography; a key function is rectification of line voltage to produce a smooth direct current voltage to the X-ray tube. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

X-ray intensifying screens
Screens which absorb the energy in the X-ray beam that has penetrated the patient and convert this energy into a light pattern which has as nearly as possible the same information as the original x-ray beam. The more light a screen produces for a given input of x-radiation, the less X-ray exposure and thus shorter exposure time are needed to expose …

X-ray microanalysis
Synonym for electron microprobe ... A technique of elemental analysis in the electron microscope based on spectral analysis of the scattered X-ray emission from the specimen induced by the electron beam. Using this technique it is possible to obtain quantitative data on, for example: the calcium concentration in different parts of a cell, but it is …

X-ray microscope
<instrument> A microscope in which images are obtained by using X-rays as an energy source that are recorded on a very fine-grained film, or the image is enlarged by projection; if film is used, it may be examined with the light microscope at fairly high magnifications. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

X-ray therapy
Radiation therapy using X-rays; sometimes used ironically to refer to excessive use of diagnostic radiation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

X-ray, lateral
An X-ray picture taken from the side. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

X-ray, pa
An X-ray picture in which the beams pass from back-to-front (posteroanterior). By contrast an ap (anteroposterior) film is one in which the rays pass through the body from front-to-back. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

X-rays
Penetrating electromagnetic radiation emitted when the inner orbital electrons of an atom are excited and release energy - in the same energy range as gamma rays (0.010-10 mev), but of non-nuclear origin, of shorter wavelength than ultraviolet; soft X-rays or grenz rays are less penetrating and longer in wavelength than hard X-rays. ... (12 Dec 1998 …

X-strabismus
Strabismus in which exotropia is more marked when looking upward or downward than when looking straight ahead. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Xaa
Symbol for unspecified amino acid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

xamoterol
<chemical> A selective beta-1-adrenergic partial agonist. Because it is a partial agonist it acts like an agonist when sympathetic activity is low and as an antagonist when sympathetic activity is high. It reduces myocardial ischemia and improves ventricular function in patients with mild to moderate heart failure. In patients with severe hea …

Xan
<abbreviation> Xanthine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

xanchromatic
Synonym for xanthochromatic ... Yellow-coloured. ... Synonym: xanchromatic, xanthochromic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

xanthan gum
<chemical> A polysaccharide gum often used in foods, it is synthesised (fermented) from glucose by the bacterium Xanthomonas campestris. ... (11 May 1997) ...

xanthelasma palpebrarum
Soft yellow-orange plaques on the eyelids or medial canthus, the most common form of xanthoma; may be associated with low-density lipoproteins, especially in younger adults ... Synonym: xanthelasma, xanthoma palpebrarum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

xanthematin
A yellow substance derived from haematin by treating with nitric acid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

xanthemia
Synonym: carotenaemia. ... Origin: xanth-+ G. Haima, blood ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

xanthene
<chemical> A yellowish, alcohol and ether soluble compound that serves as the chemical core for the dyes fluoroscein, eosin and rhodamine, by itself, xanthene is used as a fungicide and in organic synthesis. ... (11 May 1997) ...

xanthene dyes
Derivatives of the compound xanthene; include the pyronins, rhodamines, and fluoresceins. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

xanthic
1. Tending toward a yellow colour, or to one of those colours, green being excepted, in which yellow is a constituent, as scarlet, orange, etc. ... <botany> Xanthic colours, those colours (of flowers) having some tinge of yellow; opposed to cyanic colours. See Cyanic. ... 2. <chemistry> Possessing, imparting, or producing a yellow colour; …

xanthidylic acid
Synonym for xanthosine 5'-monophosphate ... The monophosphoric ester of xanthosine. An intermediate in GMP biosynthesis. ... Synonym: xanthidylic acid, xanthine nucleotide, xanthylic acid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

xanthin
1. <physiology> A crystalline nitrogenous body closely related to both uric acid and hypoxanthin, present in muscle tissue, and occasionally found in the urine and in some urinary calculi. It is also present in guano. So called from the yellow colour of certain of its salts (nitrates). ... 2. <chemistry> A yellow insoluble colouring matt …

xanthine
<biochemistry> A purine, the starting point for purine degradation. Its methylated derivatives (theophylline, theobromine, caffeine) are potent cAMP phosphodiesterase inhibitors. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

xanthine alkaloids
Alkaloids, which contain xanthine as their nitrogenous base. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

xanthine bronchodilator
<pharmacology> A group of medications that work by a common mechanism to effect bronchodilation (open up air passages) in the lungs. Used in the treatment of asthma and related conditions. ... Examples include: theophylline, aminophylline and dyphylline. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

xanthine dehydrogenase
<enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses the oxidation of xanthine in the presence of NAD+ to form urate and NADH. It acts also on a variety of other purines and aldehydes. ... Chemical name: Xanthine:NAD+ oxidoreductase ... Registry number: EC 1.1.1.204 ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

xanthine nucleotide
Synonym for xanthosine 5'-monophosphate ... The monophosphoric ester of xanthosine. An intermediate in GMP biosynthesis. ... Synonym: xanthidylic acid, xanthine nucleotide, xanthylic acid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

xanthine oxidase
<enzyme> Dehydrogenases involved in conversion of hypoxanthine to xanthine and xanthine to uric acid, as the final catabolism of purines. Deficient in the human disease xanthinuria. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

xanthine ribonucleoside
Synonym for xanthosine ... 9-beta-d-ribosylxanthine;the deamination product of guanosine (O replacing -NH2). ... Synonym: xanthine ribonucleoside. ... Abbreviation: Xao ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

xanthinol niacinate
<chemical> 3-pyridinecarboxylic acid compound with 3,7-dihydro-7- (2-hydroxy-3-((2-hydroxyethyl)methylamino)propyl)-1,3- dimethyl-1h-purine-2,6-dione (1:). A vasodilator used in peripheral vascular disorders and insufficiency. It may cause gastric discomfort and hypotension. ... Pharmacological action: vasodilator agents. ... Chemical name: 3-P …

xanthinuria
1. Excretion of abnormally large amounts of xanthine in the urine. ... 2. A disorder resulting from defective synthesis of xanthine oxidase, characterised by urinary excretion of xanthine in place of uric acid, hypouricaemia, and, in some cases, the formation of xanthine stones; autosomal recessive inheritance. ... Synonym: xanthiuria, xanthuria. ... …

xanthism
A pigmentary anomaly of blacks, characterised by red or yellow-red hair colour, copper-red skin, and often by dilution of iris pigment. ... Synonym: rufous albinism. ... Origin: G. Xanthos, yellowish ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

xanthiuria
Synonym for xanthinuria ... 1. Excretion of abnormally large amounts of xanthine in the urine. ... 2. A disorder resulting from defective synthesis of xanthine oxidase, characterised by urinary excretion of xanthine in place of uric acid, hypouricaemia, and, in some cases, the formation of xanthine stones; autosomal recessive inheritance. ... Synonym: …

xantho-
<prefix> A combining form meaning yellow; as in xanthocobaltic salts. Used also adjectively in chemistry. ... Origin: Gr. Xanqos = yellow ... (29 Oct 1998) ...

xanthoastrocytoma
<tumour> Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma, a rare variant of astrocytoma usually presenting early in life with seizures. The tumour is superficially located and composed of pleomorphic glial cells, lipidised astrocytes, and perivascular lymphocytes. ... Synonym: xanthoastrocytoma. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

xanthocarpous
<botany> Having yellow fruit. ... Origin: Gr. Karpos = fruit. ... (27 Oct 1998) ...

xanthochroia
Synonym for xanthochromia ... The occurrence of patches of yellow colour in the skin, resembling xanthoma, but without the nodules or plates. ... Synonym: cholesteroderma, xanthochroia, xanthoderma, xanthopathy, yellow disease, yellow skin. ... Origin: xantho-+ G. Chroma, colour ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

xanthochroic
<ethnology> Having a yellowish or fair complexion; of or pertaining to the Xanthochroi. ... Origin: Gr. Chroa = colour. ... (27 Oct 1998) ...

xanthochromatic
Yellow-coloured. ... Synonym: xanchromatic, xanthochromic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

xanthochromia
The occurrence of patches of yellow colour in the skin, resembling xanthoma, but without the nodules or plates. ... Synonym: cholesteroderma, xanthochroia, xanthoderma, xanthopathy, yellow disease, yellow skin. ... Origin: xantho-+ G. Chroma, colour ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

xanthochromic
Synonym for xanthochromatic ... Yellow-coloured. ... Synonym: xanchromatic, xanthochromic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

xanthochroous
Light-skinned; Having a fair yellowish complexion; blond. ... Origin: xantho-+ G. Chroa, complexion ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

xanthoderma
1. Synonym: xanthochromia. ... 2. Any yellow colouration of the skin. ... Synonym: yellow skin. ... Origin: xantho-+ G. Derma, skin ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

xanthodont
One who has yellow teeth. ... Origin: xantho-+ G. Odous, tooth ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

xanthogranuloma
A peculiar infiltration of retroperitoneal tissue by lipid macrophages, occurring most commonly in women. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

xanthogranuloma, juvenile
Benign disorder of infants and children characterised by multiple nodules with lipid-laden, non-langerhans-cell histiocytes. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

xanthogranulomatous
Relating to, of the nature of, or affected by xanthogranuloma. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis
Chronic cholecystitis with conspicuous nodular infiltration by lipid macrophages; may be associated with biliary obstruction by calculi. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis
<radiology> Big kidney, non-functioning (80%), dilated calyces, thin cortex, calculi (often staghorn), adult females, usually unilateral, Gram-negative infection, especially Proteus mirabilis, symptoms: fatigue, low fever, dysuria, flank pain, pathology: granulomata in parenchyma with foam cells, cholesterol slits, fibrosis, atrophic glomerul …

xanthoma
<dermatology> A benign lesion composed of lipid laden foam cells, which are histiocytes containing cytoplasmic lipid material. Also called xanthelasma and causes yellow lesions under the skin. ... (09 Mar 1998) ...

xanthoma diabeticorum
Eruptive xanthoma associated with severe diabetes. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

xanthoma disseminatum
A rare benign normolipaemic disorder of adults with coalescent cutaneous xanthoma's composed of non-X histiocytes on flexural surfaces, often with mild diabetes insipidus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

xanthoma multiplex
Synonym for xanthomatosis ... <dermatology, pathology> An accumulation of an excess of lipids in the body due to disturbance of lipid metabolism and marked by the formation of foam cells in skin lesions. ... (16 Dec 1997) ...

xanthoma palpebrarum
Synonym for xanthelasma palpebrarum ... Soft yellow-orange plaques on the eyelids or medial canthus, the most common form of xanthoma; may be associated with low-density lipoproteins, especially in younger adults ... Synonym: xanthelasma, xanthoma palpebrarum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

xanthoma planum
A form marked by the occurrence of yellow flat bands or minimally palpable rectangular plates in the corium, either normolipaemic or associated with type IIa or III hyperlipoproteinaemia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

xanthoma tuberosum
Xanthomatosis associated with familial type II, and occasionally type III, hyperlipoproteinaemia. ... Synonym: xanthoma tuberosum simplex. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

xanthoma tuberosum simplex
Synonym for xanthoma tuberosum ... Xanthomatosis associated with familial type II, and occasionally type III, hyperlipoproteinaemia. ... Synonym: xanthoma tuberosum simplex. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

xanthomatosis
<dermatology, pathology> An accumulation of an excess of lipids in the body due to disturbance of lipid metabolism and marked by the formation of foam cells in skin lesions. ... (16 Dec 1997) ...

xanthomatosis bulbi
Ulcerative fatty degeneration of the cornea after injury. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

xanthomatosis, cerebrotendinous
A lipid storage disease, inherited as an autosomal recessive trait, characterised by xanthomas of the tendons, the white matter of the brain, and the lungs, and by spasticity, ataxia, pyramidal paresis, mental retardation, dementia, early cataracts, and atherosclerosis. It is associated with elevated plasma and tissue levels of cholestanol and defe …

xanthomatous
Relating to xanthoma. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

xanthomegnin
<chemical> A liver toxin produced by certain fungi in the genera Aspergillus, Penicillium and Trichophyton. ... (06 May 1997) ...

xanthomonas
A genus of pseudomonadaceae whose cells produce a yellow pigment (gr. Xanthos - yellow). It is pathogenic to plants. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

xanthomonas campestris
A species of gram-negative, aerobic bacteria that is pathogenic for plants. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Xanthomonas maltophilia
A species found primarily in clinical specimens but also in water, milk, and frozen food. Frequent cause of infections in hospitalised and immunocompromised humans. ... Synonym: Pseudomonas maltophilia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

xanthopathy
Synonym: xanthochromia. ... Origin: xantho-+ G. Pathos, suffering ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

xanthophyll
<chemical> Any of several yellow accessory pigments which found in plant leaves, egg yolks and human blood plasma, these pigments are oxygenated derivatives of carotenes and are involved in photosynthesis, for example lutein, violaxanthin and neoxanthine. ... (11 May 1997) ...

xanthoproteic acid
A noncrystallizable yellow substance derived from proteins upon treatment with nitric acid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

xanthoprotein reaction
A qualitative test for proteins; a yellow product is formed by reacting proteins with hot, concentrated nitric acid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

xanthopsia
<ophthalmology> A form of chromatopsia in which objects looked at appear yellow. ... Origin: Gr. Opsis = vision ... (11 May 1997) ...

xanthopsis
<oncology, pathology> Refers to yellow colouring in a cancer. ... Origin: Gr. Opsis = vision ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

xanthopsydracia
An eruption of small yellow pustules. ... Origin: G. Xanthos, yellow + psydrax, a blister on the tip of the tongue ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

xanthopterin
<chemical> 2-amino-1,5-dihydro-4,6-pteridinedione. Pigment first discovered in butterfly wings and widely distributed in plants and animals. ... Chemical name: 4,6-Pteridinedione, 2-amino-1,5-dihydro- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

xanthorhiza
<botany> A genus of shrubby ranunculaceous plants of North America, including only the species Xanthorhiza apiifolia, which has roots of a deep yellow colour; yellowroot. The bark is intensely bitter, and is sometimes used as a tonic. ... Origin: Gr. Xanqos = yellow, riza = root. ... (09 Mar 1998) ...

xanthosine
9-beta-d-ribosylxanthine;the deamination product of guanosine (O replacing -NH2). ... Synonym: xanthine ribonucleoside. ... Abbreviation: Xao ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

xanthosine 5'-monophosphate
The monophosphoric ester of xanthosine. An intermediate in GMP biosynthesis. ... Synonym: xanthidylic acid, xanthine nucleotide, xanthylic acid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

xanthosine 5'-triphosphate
Xanthosine with a triphosphoric acid esterified at its 5' position. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

xanthosine phosphorylase
<enzyme> From E coli k-12; mw 18kda; inactivated by p-chloromercuriphenylsulfonic acid ... Registry number: EC 2.4.2.- ... Synonym: inosine-guanosine phosphorylase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

xanthurenic acid
4,8-Dihydroxyquinoline-2-carboxylic acid; 4,8-dihydroquinaldic acid;the sulfur-yellow crystals form a red compound with Millon reagent, or an intensely green one with ferrous sulfate; excreted in the urine of pyridoxine-deficient animals after the ingestion of tryptophan, and of rats fed almost exclusively with fibrin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

xanthuria
Synonym for xanthinuria ... 1. Excretion of abnormally large amounts of xanthine in the urine. ... 2. A disorder resulting from defective synthesis of xanthine oxidase, characterised by urinary excretion of xanthine in place of uric acid, hypouricaemia, and, in some cases, the formation of xanthine stones; autosomal recessive inheritance. ... Synonym: …

xanthyl
A radical consisting of xanthine minus a hydrogen atom. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

xanthylic
Relating to xanthine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

xanthylic acid
Synonym for xanthosine 5'-monophosphate ... The monophosphoric ester of xanthosine. An intermediate in GMP biosynthesis. ... Synonym: xanthidylic acid, xanthine nucleotide, xanthylic acid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Xao
Symbol for xanthosine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Xe
Symbol for xenon. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

xebec
A small three-masted vessel, with projecting bow stern and convex decks, used in the Mediterranean for transporting merchandise, etc. It carries large square sails, or both. Xebecs were formerly armed and used by corsairs. ... Origin: Sp. Jabegue, formerly spelt xabeque, or Pg. Xabeco; both from Turk. Sumbeki a kind of Asiatic ship; cf. Per. Sumbuk, …

XEEK1 kinase
<enzyme> Xeek - xenopus egg and embryo kinase; expressed in early xenopus embryos; 35% identity with snf1 protein kinase; genbank u24435 ... Registry number: EC 2.7.10.- ... Synonym: xeek1 gene product ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

xenarthra
An order of new world mammals characterised by the absence of incisors and canines from among their teeth, and comprising the armadillos, the sloths, and the anteaters. The order is distinguished from all others by what are known as xenarthrous vertebrae (xenos, strange; arthron, joint): there are secondary, and sometimes even more, articulations b …

xeno-
Strange; foreign material; parasite. ... See: hetero-, allo-. ... Origin: G. Xenos, guest, host, stranger, foreign ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

xenoantigen
<immunology> An antigen found in more than one species. ... (06 May 1997) ...

xenobiotic
<chemistry> A completely synthetic chemical compound which does not naturally occur on earth and thus believed to be resistant to environmental degradation. ... <biochemistry> A branch of biotechnology called bioremediation is seeking to develop biological methods to degrade such compounds. ... (13 Nov 1997) ...

xenobiotic metabolism
<biochemistry> This is the sum of the physical and chemical changes that affect foreign substances in living organisms from uptake to excretion. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

xenobiotics
Chemical substances that are foreign to the biological system. They include naturally occurring compounds, drugs, environmental agents, carcinogens, insecticide, etc. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

xenodiagnosis
<microbiology> A method of diagnosis based on exposing a parasite-free normal host to the parasite and then examining the host for parasites. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

xenogeneic
<pathology> Literally, of foreign genetic stock, usually applied to tissue or cells from another species, as in xenogeneic transplantation. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

xenogeneic graft
Synonym for xenograft ... <surgery> A surgical graft of tissue from one species onto or into individuals of unlike species, genus or family. Also know as a heteroplastic graft. ... See: xenotransplantation. ... (11 May 1997) ...

xenogenic
1. Originating outside of the organism, or from a foreign substance that has been introduced into the organism. ... Synonym: xenogenous. ... Synonym: xenogeneic. ... Origin: xeno-+ G. -gen, producing ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

xenogenous
Synonym: xenogenic. ... Synonym: xenogeneic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

xenograft
<surgery> A surgical graft of tissue from one species onto or into individuals of unlike species, genus or family. Also know as a heteroplastic graft. ... See: xenotransplantation. ... (11 May 1997) ...