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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

vidian canal
Synonym for pterygoid canal ... An opening through the base of the medial pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone through which pass the artery, vein, and nerve of the pterygoid canal. ... Synonym: canalis pterygoideus, vidian canal. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

vidian nerve
Synonym for nerve of pterygoid canal ... The nerve constituting the parasympathetic and sympathetic root of the pterygopalatine ganglion; it is formed in the region of the foramen lacerum by the union of the greater superficial petrosal and the deep petrosal nerves, and runs through the pterygoid canal to the pterygopalatine fossa. ... Synonym: nervu …

vidian vein
Synonym for vein of pterygoid canal ... A vein accompanying the nerve and artery through the pterygoid canal and emptying into the pharyngeal venous plexus. ... Synonym: vena canalis pterygoidei, vidian vein. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Vidius, Guidi
<person> Italian anatomist and physician, 1500-1569. ... See: vidian artery, vidian canal, vidian nerve, vidian vein. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Vierra, J
<person> 20th century Brazilian dermatologist. ... See: Vierra's sign. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Vierra's sign
<clinical sign> Yellowing and canalization of the nail in fogo selvagem. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Vieussens, Raymond de
<person> French anatomist, 1641-1715. ... See: Vieussens' annulus, Vieussens' ansa, Vieussens' centrum, Vieussens' foramina, Vieussens' ganglia, Vieussens' isthmus, Vieussens' limbus, Vieussens' loop, Vieussens' ring, valve of Vieussens, Vieussens' valve, Vieussens' veins, Vieussens' ventricle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Vieussens' annulus
Synonym for limbus fossae ovalis ... A muscular ring surrounding the fossa ovalis in the wall of the right atrium of the heart. ... Synonym: annulus ovalis, margin of fossa ovalis, Vieussens' annulus, Vieussens' isthmus, Vieussens' limbus, Vieussens' ring. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Vieussens' ansa
Synonym for ansa subclavia ... A nerve cord connecting the middle cervical and stellate sympathetic ganglia, forming a loop around the subclavian artery. ... Synonym: subclavian loop, Vieussens' ansa, Vieussens' loop. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Vieussens' centrum
Synonym for centrum semiovale ... The great mass of white matter composing the interior of the cerebral hemisphere; the name refers to the general shape of this white core in horizontal sections of the hemisphere. ... Synonym: centrum medullare, centrum ovale, medullary centre, semioval centre, Vicq d'Azyr's centrum semiovale, Vieussens' centrum. ... …

Vieussens' foramina
Synonym for foramina of the venae minimae ... <anatomy> A number of fossae in the wall of the right atrium, containing the openings of minute intramural veins. ... Synonym: foramina venarum minimarum cordis, foramina of the smallest veins of heart, Lannelongue's foramina, thebesian foramina, Vieussens' foramina. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Vieussens' ganglia
Synonym for coeliac ganglia ... The largest and highest group of prevertebral sympathetic ganglia, located on the superior part of the abdominal aorta, on either side of the origin of the coeliac artery; contains sympathetic neurons whose unmyelinated postganglionic axons innervate the stomach, liver, gallbladder, spleen, kidney, small intestine, an …

Vieussens' isthmus
Synonym for limbus fossae ovalis ... A muscular ring surrounding the fossa ovalis in the wall of the right atrium of the heart. ... Synonym: annulus ovalis, margin of fossa ovalis, Vieussens' annulus, Vieussens' isthmus, Vieussens' limbus, Vieussens' ring. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Vieussens' limbus
Synonym for limbus fossae ovalis ... A muscular ring surrounding the fossa ovalis in the wall of the right atrium of the heart. ... Synonym: annulus ovalis, margin of fossa ovalis, Vieussens' annulus, Vieussens' isthmus, Vieussens' limbus, Vieussens' ring. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Vieussens' loop
Synonym for ansa subclavia ... A nerve cord connecting the middle cervical and stellate sympathetic ganglia, forming a loop around the subclavian artery. ... Synonym: subclavian loop, Vieussens' ansa, Vieussens' loop. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Vieussens' ring
Synonym for limbus fossae ovalis ... A muscular ring surrounding the fossa ovalis in the wall of the right atrium of the heart. ... Synonym: annulus ovalis, margin of fossa ovalis, Vieussens' annulus, Vieussens' isthmus, Vieussens' limbus, Vieussens' ring. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Vieussens' valve
Synonym for superior medullary velum ... The thin layer of white matter stretching between the two superior cerebellar peduncles, forming the roof of the superior recess of the fourth ventricle. ... Synonym: velum medullare superius, anterior medullary velum, Vieussens' valve. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Vieussens' veins
Synonym for innominate cardiac veins ... The small superficial vein's of the heart. ... Synonym: Vieussens' veins. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Vieussens' ventricle
Synonym for cavity of septum pellucidum ... A slitlike, fluid-filled space of variable width between the left and right transparent septum, which occurs in less than 10% of human brains and may communicate with the third ventricle. ... Synonym: cavum septi pellucidi, Duncan's ventricle, fifth ventricle, pseudocele, pseudoventricle, sylvian ventricle, …

view
1. The act of seeing or beholding; sight; look; survey; examination by the eye; inspection. 'Thenceforth I thought thee worth my nearer view.' (Milton) 'Objects near our view are thought greater than those of a larger size are more remote.' (Locke) 'Surveying nature with too nice a view.' (Dryden) ... 2. Mental survey; intellectual perception or exa …

vigabatrin
<drug> This prescription drug is used to treat epilepsy. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

vigil
1. Abstinence from sleep, whether at a time when sleep is customary or not; the act of keeping awake, or the state of being awake, or the state of being awake; sleeplessness; wakefulness; watch. 'Worn out by the labors and vigils of many months.' 'Nothing wears out a fine face like the vigils of the card table and those cutting passions which atten …

vigilambulism
A condition of unconsciousness regarding one's surroundings, with automatism, resembling somnambulism but occurring in the waking state. ... Origin: L. Vigil, awake, alert, + ambulo, to walk about ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

vigilance
Wakefulness, watchfulness, arousal. ... Origin: L. Vigilantia ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

vignette
1. A running ornament consisting of leaves and tendrils, used in Gothic architecture. ... 2. A decorative design, originally representing vine branches or tendrils, at the head of a chapter, of a manuscript or printed book, or in a similar position; hence, by extension, any small picture in a book; hence, also, as such pictures are often without a d …

vignetting
<microscopy> An unintentional, shaded loss of the edges of an image or picture by an optical component clipping the peripheral beams can lead to loss of contrast in video. ... (05 Aug 1998) ...

vigor
Health, hardiness. ... <botany> A measure of the increase in plant growth or foliage volume through time after planting. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

vigorous
1. Possessing vigor; full of physical or mental strength or active force; strong; lusty; robust; as, a vigorous youth; a vigorous plant. 'Famed for his valor, young, at sea successful, vigorous and strong.' (Waller) ... 2. Exhibiting strength, either of body or mind; powerful; strong; forcible; energetic; as, vigorous exertions; a vigorous prosecuti …

vile
1. Low; base; worthless; mean; despicable. 'A poor man in vile raiment.' (James II. 2) 'The craft either of fishing, which was Peter's, or of making tents, which was Paul's, were [was] more vile than the science of physic.' (Ridley) 'The inhabitants account gold but as a vile thing.' (Abp. Abbot) ... 2. Morally base or impure; depraved by sin; hatef …

vill
A small collection of houses; a village. 'Every manor, town, or vill.' 'Not should e'er the crested fowl From thorp or vill his matins sound for me.' (Wordsworth) ... A word of various significations in English, law; as, a manor; a tithing; a town; a township; a parish; a part of a parish; a village. The original meaning of vill, in England, seems t …

villain
1. One who holds lands by a base, or servile, tenure, or in villenage; a feudal tenant of the lowest class, a bondman or servant. [In this sense written also villan, and villein] 'If any of my ansectors was a tenant, and a servant, and held his lands as a villain to his lord, his posterity also must do so, though accidentally they become noble.' (J …

villi
Plural of villus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

villi intestinales
<pathology> Microscopic finger-like projections (0.5 to 1.5 mm in length) off of the mucosal lining of the small intestine which are responsible for absorption of nutrients. The villi greatly increase the effective absorptive surface area of the small intestine. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

villi pericardiaci
Synonym for pericardial villi ... Minute filiform projections from the surface of the serous pericardium. ... Synonym: villi pericardiaci. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

villi peritoneales
Synonym for peritoneal villi ... Villi on the surface of the peritoneum. ... Synonym: villi peritoneales. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

villi pleurales
Synonym for pleural villi ... Shaggy appendages on the pleura in the neighborhood of the costomediastinal sinus. ... Synonym: villi pleurales. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

villi synoviales
Synonym for synovial villi ... Small vascular processes given off from a synovial membrane. ... Synonym: villi synoviales, synovial fringe, synovial tufts. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

villin
<protein> Microfilament severing and capping protein (95 kD) from microvillar core of intestinal epithelial cells. Severs at high calcium concentrations, caps at low. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

villitis
Synonym for villositis ... Inflammation of the villous surface of the placenta. ... Synonym: villitis. ... Origin: villous + G. -itis inflammation ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

villoma
Synonym for papilloma ... <oncology, tumour> Benign tumour of epithelium. ... Warts (caused by papilloma virus) are the most familiar example and each is a clone derived from a single infected cell. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

villositis
Inflammation of the villous surface of the placenta. ... Synonym: villitis. ... Origin: villous + G. -itis inflammation ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

villous
Pubescent, shaggy, covered with fine long hairs, but the hairs not matted. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

villous adenoma
<tumour> Appears as a solitary sessile, often large, tumour of colonic mucosa composed of mucinous epithelium covering delicate vascular projections; malignant change occurs frequently; hypersecretion occurs rarely. Also known as adenoma. ... Synonym: papillary adenoma of large intestine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

villous atrophy
Abnormality of the small intestinal mucosa with crypt hyperplasia, resulting in flattening of the mucosa and the appearance of atrophy of villi; clinically seen in malabsorption syndromes such as sprue. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

villous carcinoma
<tumour> A form of carcinoma in which there are numerous, closely packed, papillary projections of neoplastic epithelial tissue. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

villous papilloma
<tumour> A papilloma composed of slender, finger-like excrescences occurring in the bladder or large intestine, or from the choroid plexus of the cerebral ventricles; villous papilloma's of the colon are usually sessile and frequently become malignant. ... Synonym: villous tumour. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

villous placenta
A placenta in which the chorion forms villi. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

villous tenosynovitis
A condition resembling pigmented villonodular synovitis but arising in periarticular soft tissue rather than in joint synovia; occurs most commonly in the hands. ... Synonym: villonodular pigmented tenosynovitis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

villous tumour
Synonym for villous papilloma ... <tumour> A papilloma composed of slender, finger-like excrescences occurring in the bladder or large intestine, or from the choroid plexus of the cerebral ventricles; villous papilloma's of the colon are usually sessile and frequently become malignant. ... Synonym: villous tumour. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

villus
Origin: L, shaggy hair, a tuft of hair. ... 1. <anatomy> One of the minute papillary processes on certain vascular membranes; a villosity; as, villi cover the lining of the small intestines of many animals and serve to increase the absorbing surface. ... 2. <botany> Fine hairs on plants, resembling the pile of velvet. ... Source: Websters …

villusectomy
Synonym: synovectomy. ... Origin: villus + G. Ektome, excision ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

viloxazine
<chemical> A morpholine derivative used as an antidepressant. It is similar in action to imipramine. ... Pharmacological action: adrenergic uptake inhibitors, antidepressive agents, second-generation. ... Chemical name: Morpholine, 2-((2-ethoxyphenoxy)methyl)- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

vimentin
<protein> Intermediate filament protein (58 kD) found in mesodermally derived cells (including muscle). ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

vimentin kinase
<enzyme> 37 kD protein from bhk cells; phosphorylates vimentin at thr-457 and ser-458 in the c-terminal non-alpha-helical domain ... Registry number: EC 2.7.10.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

vinaigrette
1. A sauce, made of vinegar, oil, and other ingredients, used especially. For cold meats. ... 2. A small perforated box for holding aromatic vinegar contained in a sponge, or a smelling bottle for smelling salts; called also vinegarette. ... 3. A small, two-wheeled vehicle, like a Bath chair, to be drawn or pushed by a boy or man. ... Origin: F, fr. V …

vinblastine
<drug, oncology> Alkaloid (818D) isolated from Vinca (periwinkle): binds to tubulin heterodimer and induces formation of paracrystals rather than tubules. Net result is that microtubules disappear as they disassemble and are not replaced. Used in tumour chemotherapy. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

vinblastine sulfate
A dimeric alkaloid obtained from Vinca rosea. It arrests mitosis in metaphase (although vincristine is more active in this respect) and exhibits greater antimetabolic activity than does vincristine; used in the treatment of Hodgkin's disease, choriocarcinoma, acute and chronic leukaemias, and other neoplastic diseases; blocks microtubule assembly.< …

vinca alkaloid
<drug, oncology> Anti-cancer drugs originally derived from the common periwinkle Catharantus roseus. Drugs of this type include vincristine, vinblastine. ... (14 Oct 1997) ...

vinca alkaloids
<chemical> A class of alkaloids from the genus of apocyanaceous woody herbs including periwinkles. They are some of the most useful antineoplastic agent. ... Pharmacological action: antineoplastic agent, phytogenic, vasodilator agents. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Vinca rosea
A species of myrtle (family Myrtaceae) used in various parts of the world as a home remedy; two active dimeric alkaloids obtained from this plant are vinblastine and vincristine. ... Synonym: periwinkle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

vincaleucoblastine
Synonym for vinblastine sulfate ... A dimeric alkaloid obtained from Vinca rosea. It arrests mitosis in metaphase (although vincristine is more active in this respect) and exhibits greater antimetabolic activity than does vincristine; used in the treatment of Hodgkin's disease, choriocarcinoma, acute and chronic leukaemias, and other neoplastic dise …

vincamine
<chemical> A major alkaloid of vinca minor l., apocynaceae. It has been used therapeutically as a vasodilator and antihypertensive agent, particularly in cerebrovascular disorders. ... Pharmacological action: antihypertensive agents, vasodilator agents. ... Chemical name: Eburnamenine-14-carboxylic acid, 14,15-dihydro-14-hydroxy-, methyl ester, …

Vincent, Henri
<person> French physician, 1862-1950. ... See: Vincent's angina, Vincent's bacillus, Vincent's disease, Vincent's infection, Vincent's white mycetoma, Vincent's spirillum, Vincent's tonsillitis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Vincent's angina
An ulcerative infection of the oral soft tissues including the tonsils and pharynx caused by fusiform and spirochetal organisms; it is usually associated with necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis and may progress to noma. Death from suffocation or sepsis may occur. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Vincent's bacillus
Probably Fusobacterium nucleatum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Vincent's disease
<disease> An acute or recurrent form of gingivitis of young to middle-aged adults characterised by red and painful gums, fetid breath and gum destruction. Other features may include fever and enlargement of the regional lymph nodes. ... Pathogenesis of this condition is thought to be secondary to a fusiform bacillus and spirochetal (Treponema …

Vincent's infection
Synonym for necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis ... An acute or recurrent gingivitis of young and middle-aged adults characterised clinically by gingival erythema and pain, fetid odour, and necrosis and sloughing of interdental papillae and marginal gingiva which gives rise to a gray pseudomembrane; fever, regional lymphadenopathy, and other systemic …

Vincent's spirillum
The spirillum or spirochete found in association with Vincent's bacillus. Fusobacterium nucleatum is frequently the only bacillus isolated. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Vincent's stomatitis
<pathology> An acute or recurrent form of gingivitis of young to middle-aged adults characterised by red and painful gums, fetid breath and gum destruction. Other features may include fever and enlargement of the regional lymph nodes. Pathogenesis of this condition is thought to be secondary to a fusiform bacillus and spirochetal (Treponema v …

Vincent's tonsillitis
Angina limited chiefly to the tonsils, caused by Vincent's organisms (bacillus and spirillum). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Vincent's white mycetoma
Mycetoma caused by Actinomadura madurae and occurring in North Africa, India, the Argentine, and Cuba. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

vincible
Capable of being overcome or subdued; conquerable. 'He, not vincible in spirit . . . Drew his sword.' . 'Vincible by human aid.' . Vincible ignorance, ignorance within the individual's control and for which, therefore, he is responsible before God. ... Origin: L. Vincibilis, fr. Vincere to vanquish, conquer: cf. F. Vincible. See Victor. ... Source: W …

vincristine
<drug, oncology> Cytotoxic alkaloid that binds to tubulin and interferes with microtubule assembly. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

vincristine sulfate
A dimeric alkaloid obtained from Vinca rosea; its antineoplastic activity is similar to that of vinblastine, but no cross-resistance develops between these two agents, and it is more useful than vinblastine in lymphocytic lymphosarcoma and acute leukaemia. ... Synonym: leurocristine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

vincula lingulae cerebelli
Small lateral prolongations of the lingula of the vermis of the cerebellum resting on the dorsal surface of the superior cerebellar peduncle. ... Synonym: alae lingulae cerebelli. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

vincula of tendons
Fibrous bands that extend from the flexor tendons of the fingers and toes to the capsules of the interphalangeal joints and to the phalanges; they convey small vessels to the tendons. ... Synonym: vincula tendinum, synovial frena, synovial frenula. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

vincula tendinum
Synonym for vincula of tendons ... Fibrous bands that extend from the flexor tendons of the fingers and toes to the capsules of the interphalangeal joints and to the phalanges; they convey small vessels to the tendons. ... Synonym: vincula tendinum, synovial frena, synovial frenula. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

vinculin
<cell biology> Protein (130 kD) isolated from muscle (cardiac and smooth), fibroblasts and epithelial cells. Associated with the cytoplasmic face of focal adhesions: may connect microfilaments to plasma membrane integral proteins through talin. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

vinculum
Origin: L, from vincire, vinctum, to bind. ... 1. A bond of union; a tie. ... 2. <mathematics> A straight, horizontal mark placed over two or more members of a compound quantity, which are to be subjected to the same operation, as in the expression x^2 + y^2 - <vinc>x + y</vinc>. ... 3. <anatomy> A band or bundle of fibres; a f …

vinculum breve
Synonym for short vinculum ... A triangular band that extends from the dorsal surface of each of the flexor tendons of a digit to the capsule of the nearby interphalangeal joint and to the phalanx proximal to the insertion of the tendon. ... Synonym: vinculum breve. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

vinculum linguae
Synonym for lingual frenulum ... A fold of mucous membrane extending from the floor of the mouth to the midline of the undersurface of the tongue. ... Synonym: frenulum linguae, frenulum of tongue, vinculum linguae. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

vinculum longum
Synonym for long vinculum ... A long, threadlike band that extends from the dorsal surface of each of the flexor tendons of a digit to the proximal phalanx. ... Synonym: vinculum longum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

vinculum preputii
Synonym for frenulum of prepuce ... A fold of mucous membrane passing from the undersurface of the glans penis to the deep surface of the prepuce. ... Synonym: frenulum preputii, vinculum preputii. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

vindesine
<drug> A drug, derived from vinblastine, which is used to inhibit the maturationand proliferation of tumour cells (benign or malignant). ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

vindicate
1. To lay claim to; to assert a right to; to claim. 'Is thine alone the seed that strews the plain? The birds of heaven shall vindicate their grain.' (Pope) ... 2. To maintain or defend with success; to prove to be valid; to assert convincingly; to sustain against assault; as, to vindicate a right, claim, or title. ... 3. To support or maintain as tr …

vine
<botany> Any woody climbing plant which bears grapes. ... Hence, a climbing or trailing plant; the long, slender stem of any plant that trails on the ground, or climbs by winding round a fixed object, or by seizing anything with its tendrils, or claspers; a creeper; as, the hop vine; the bean vine; the vines of melons, squashes, pumpkins, and …

Vineberg procedure
Implantation of the internal mammary artery into the myocardium to improve blood flow to the heart. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Vineberg, Arthur
<person> Canadian thoracic surgeon, *1903. ... See: Vineberg procedure. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

vinegar
1. A sour liquid used as a condiment, or as a preservative, and obtained by the spontaneous (acetous) fermentation, or by the artificial oxidation, of wine, cider, beer, or the like. ... The characteristic sourness of vinegar is due to acetic acid, of which it contains from three to five per cent. Wine vinegar contains also tartaric acid, citric aci …

vinous
Relating to, containing, or of the nature of wine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

vinous liquor
Synonym for wine ... 1. The expressed juice of grapes, especially. When fermented; a beverage or liquor prepared from grapes by squeezing out their juice, and (usually) allowing it to ferment. 'Red wine of Gascoigne.' 'Wine is a mocker, strong drink is raging, and whosoever is deceived thereby is not wise.' (Prov. Xx. 1) 'Bacchus, that first from ou …

Vinson, Porter
<person> U.S. Surgeon, 1890-1959. ... See: Plummer-Vinson syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

vinyl carbinol
Synonym for allyl alcohol ... CH2==CHCH2OH; 2-propenol;a colourless liquid of pungent odour used in making resins and plasticisers; highly irritating to mucous membranes and readily absorbed, causing depression and coma. ... Synonym: vinyl carbinol. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

vinyl chloride
<chemical> A gas that has been used as an aerosol propellant and is the starting material for polyvinyl resins. Toxicity studies have shown various adverse effects, particularly the occurrence of liver neoplasms. ... Pharmacological action: carcinogens. ... Chemical name: Ethene, chloro- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

vinyl ether
Synonym for divinyl ether ... O(CH==CH2)2;a volatile liquid, the vapor of which produces rapid induction of general anaesthesia; prolonged administration is associated with adverse side effects on the liver and central nervous system; an obsolete agent. ... Synonym: vinyl ether. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

vinylbenzene
Synonym for styrene ... C6H5CH==CH2; phenylethylene;the monomer from which polystyrenes, plastics, and synthetic rubber are made; together with divinylbenzene (for cross-linking), it is the basis of many synthetic ion exchangers. ... Synonym: cinnamene, ethenylbenzene, styrol, vinylbenzene. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

vinylene
The bivalent radical, -CH==CH-. ... Synonym: ethenylene. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

vinylidene
The bivalent radical, H2C==C==. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

violaxanthin de-epoxidase
<enzyme> Requires ascorbate, mechanism presumably reduction, then dehydration to form zeaxanthin ... Registry number: EC 1.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

violence
1. The quality or state of being violent; highly excited action, whether physical or moral; vehemence; impetuosity; force. 'That seal You ask with such a violence, the king, Mine and your master, with his own hand gave me.' (Shak) 'All the elements at least had gone to wrack, disturbed and torn With the violence of this conflict.' (Milton) ... 2. In …