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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

viripotent
An obsolete term denoting a sexually mature male. ... Origin: L. Viripotens, fr. Vir, man, + potens, having power ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

virogene
<molecular biology, virology> A viral gene that has become apart of the host's chromosome. ... (13 Oct 1997) ...

viroid
<plant biology, virology> Extremely small viruses of plants. Their genome is a 240-350 nucleotide circular RNA strand, extensively base paired with itself, so they resist RNAase attack. ... At one time the term was also used casually of self replicative particles such as the kappa particle in Paramecium. ... (13 Oct 1997) ...

viroids
A group of pathogens comprising the smallest known agents of infectious disease. They are unencapsulated and are capable of replicating autonomously in susceptible cells. Positively identified viroids composed of single-stranded RNA have been isolated from higher plants, but the existence of DNA viroids pathogenic to animals is suspected. ... (12 De …

virologist
A specialist in virology. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

virology
<study> The study of viruses and viral diseases. ... (06 Oct 1997) ...

viropexia
<virology> The non-specific phagocytosis of virus particles bound to surface receptors. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

viropexis
Binding of virus to a cell and subsequent absorption (engulfment) of virus particles by that cell. ... Origin: viro-+ G. Pexis, fixation ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

viroplasm
<cell biology, virology> An inclusion body in a cell where viral replication/assembly occurs. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

virtual focus
The point from which divergent rays seem to proceed, or that at which they would meet if prolonged backward. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

virtual image
<microscopy> Such as seen in a mirror or through a magnifier. A virtual image has no real existence in space as does a real image from a lens. It does have a definite location, however, caused by the angles of divergence of the rays received by the eye. This can be shown by the common school experiment of placing a pin coincident with its mir …

virtue
1. Manly strength or courage; bravery; daring; spirit; valor. 'Built too strong For force or virtue ever to expugn.' (Chapman) ... 2. Active quality or power; capacity or power adequate to the production of a given effect; energy; strength; potency; efficacy; as, the virtue of a medicine. 'Jesus, immediately knowing in himself that virtue had gone o …

virtuous
1. Possessing or exhibiting virtue. Specifically: ... Exhibiting manly courage and strength; valorous; valiant; brave. 'Old Priam's son, amongst them all, was chiefly virtuous.' (Chapman) ... Having power or efficacy; powerfully operative; efficacious; potent. 'Lifting up his virtuous staff on high, He smote the sea, which calmed was with speed.' (Sp …

virucidal
Destructive to a virus. ... Synonym: viricidal. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

virucide
<pharmacology> A chemical that destroys or inactivates a virus. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

virucopria
Presence of virus in faeces. ... Origin: virus + G. Kopros, faeces ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

virulence
<microbiology> The degree or ability of a pathogenic organism to cause disease. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

virulent
Extremely toxic, denoting a markedly pathogenic microorganism. ... Origin: L. Virulentus, poisonous ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

virulent bacteriophage
A bacteriophage that regularly causes lysis of the bacteria that it infects; it may exist in one or the other of only two forms, vegetative or mature; it does not have a probacteriophage form (i.e., its genome does not incorporate with that of the host bacterium), therefore it does not effect lysogenization. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

virulent bubo
chancroidal bubo ...

virulent phage mutant
A mutant of a phage that is unable to establish lysogeny. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

viruliferous
Conveying virus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

viruria
Presence of viruses in the urine. ... Origin: virus + G. Ouron, urine ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

virus
<virology> Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites of living but noncellular nature, consisting of DNA or RNA and a protein coat. They range in diameter from 20-300nm. ... Class I viruses (Baltimore classification) have double stranded DNA as their genome. ... Class II have a single stranded DNA genome. ... Class III have a double stranded …

virus A hepatitis
Synonym for viral hepatitis type A ... A virus disease with a short incubation period (usually 15 to 50 days), caused by hepatitis A virus, a member of the family Picornaviridae, often transmitted by faecal-oral route; may be inapparent, mild, severe, or occasionally fatal and occurs sporadically or in epidemics, commonly in school-age children and …

virus activating protease
<enzyme> Endoprotease from chick embryo; activates para- and orthomyoxovirus fusion glycoproteins by cleaving them at a single arginine site; ca(2+) dependent; similar to blood clotting factor x ... Registry number: EC 3.4.21.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

virus activation
The mechanism by which latent viruses, such as genetically transmitted tumour viruses or prophages of lysogenic bacteria, are induced to replicate and are released as infectious viruses. It may be effected by various endogenous and exogenous stimuli, including B-cell lipopolysaccharides, glucocorticoid hormones, halogenated pyrimidines, ionizing ra …

virus assembly
The assembly of viral capsid proteins and nucleic acid to form a viral particle (virion). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

virus B hepatitis
Synonym for viral hepatitis type B ... A virus disease with a long incubation period (usually 50 to 160 days), caused by hepatitis B virus, a DNA virus and member of the family Hepadnoviridae, usually transmitted by injection of infected blood or blood derivatives or by use of contaminated needles, lancets, or other instruments; clinically and patho …

virus blockade
The interference of one virus by another, either attenuated or unrelated. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

virus C hepatitis
Synonym for viral hepatitis type C ... Principal cause of non-A, non-B posttransfusion hepatitis caused by an RNA virus that may be related to Flaviviridae family. ... Synonym: hepatitis C, virus C hepatitis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

virus diseases
A general term for diseases produced by viruses. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

virus hepatitis
Synonym for viral hepatitis ... Liver inflammation caused by viruses. Specific hepatitis viruses have been labelled a, b, c, d, e, f, and g. While other viruses can also cause hepatitis, their primary target is not the liver. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

virus hepatitis of ducks
A disease of very young ducklings, caused by the duck hepatitis virus (family Hepadnoviridae) and manifested as an acute illness of several days followed by death; the principal lesions are an enlarged necrotic liver filled with ecchymotic haemorrhages. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

virus III of rabbits
An obsolete name for a latent herpesvirus infection of rabbits. ... Origin: the third strain isolated, used for study ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

virus integration
Insertion of viral DNA into host-cell DNA. This includes integration of phage DNA into bacterial DNA (lysogeny) to form a prophage or integration of retroviral DNA into cellular DNA to form a provirus. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

virus keratoconjunctivitis
Synonym for epidemic keratoconjunctivitis ... Follicular conjunctivitis followed by subepithelial corneal infiltrates; often caused by adenovirus type 8, less commonly by other types. ... Synonym: virus keratoconjunctivitis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

virus latency
The ability of a pathogenic virus to lie dormant within a cell (latent infection). In eukaryotes, subsequent activation and viral replication is thought to be caused by extracellular stimulation of cellular transcription factors. Latency in bacteriophage is maintained by the expression of virally encoded repressors. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

virus pneumonia of pigs
Synonym for mycoplasma pneumonia of pigs ... A worldwide chronic pneumonia usually involving only the anterior lobes; it seldom causes death but is responsible for much unthriftiness; it is caused by the bacterium Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. ... Synonym: virus pneumonia of pigs. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

virus replication
The process of intracellular viral multiplication, consisting of the synthesis of proteins, nucleic acids, and sometimes lipids, and their assembly into a new infectious particle. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

virus shedding
The expelling of virus particles from the body. Important routes include the respiratory tract, genital tract, and intestinal tract. Virus shedding is an important means of vertical transmission (disease transmission, vertical). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

virus X disease
A term applied to a number of virus disease's of obscure aetiology, e.g., Australian X disease (Murray Valley encephalitis). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

virus-transformed cell
A cell that has been genetically changed to a tumour cell, the change being subsequently tramsmitted to all descendent cell's; cell's transformed by oncornaviruses continue to produce virus in high concentration without being killed; DNA tumour virus-transformed cell's develop (along with other changes) tumour-associated antigens and rarely produce …

virus, human papilloma
A family of over 60 viruses responsible for causing warts. The majority of the viruses produce warts on the hands, fingers, and even the face. most of these viruses are innocuous, causing nothing more than cosmetic concerns. Several types of HPV are confined primarily to the moist skin of the genitals, producing genital warts and elevating the risk …

virus, respiratory syncytial
A virus that causes mild respiratory infections (colds and coughs) in adults but in young children can produce severe respiratory problems (bronchitis and pneumonia). Effective immunity against rsv requires a continuous solid level of antibodies against the virus. There is particular concern for rsv in premature babies because of their lack of matu …

viruses
<microbiology, virology> An ultra-microscopic micro-organism, parasitic within living cells and of which many can cause disease in humans. They consist of a strand of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) that contains genetic instructions concerning viral reproduction that is enveloped by a protein coat. Cellular rupture (and death) liberates the newly …

viruses, unclassified
Viruses whose taxonomic relationships have not been established. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

virusoid
<molecular biology, virology> A type of small (300-400 nucleotides) single-stranded RNA found in the virions of some plant viruses. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

vis
1. Force; power. ... 2. Physical force. Moral power. ... <physiology> Principle of vis viva, living force; the force of a body moving against resistance, or doing work, in distinction from vis mortua, or dead force; the kinetic energy of a moving body; the capacity of a moving body to do work by reason of its being in motion. See Kinetic energy …

vis a fronte
A force acting from in front; an obstructive, restraining, or impeding force. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

vis a tergo
A force acting from behind; a pushing or accelerating force. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

vis conservatrix
The inherent power in the organism resisting the effects of injury. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

viscance
A measure of the energy dissipation due to a flow in a viscous system. In medicine and physiology, usually a measure of the energy dissipation in the flow of liquids, sols, or gels within cells and tissues, or of fluids (e.g., blood, respiratory gases) in tubes. The viscance is the pressure gradient from one end to the other of the flow path when u …

viscera
Any of the large interior organs in any one of the three great cavities of the body, especially in the abdomen. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

viscerad
In a direction toward the viscera. ... Origin: viscera + L. Ad, to ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

visceral
<anatomy> From viscus, pertaining to a viscus. ... Origin: L. Visceralis ... (13 Oct 1997) ...

visceral afferents
The sensory fibres innervating the viscera. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

visceral anaesthesia
Synonym for splanchnic anaesthesia ... Loss of sensation in areas of the visceral peritoneum innervated by the splanchnic nerves. ... Synonym: visceral anaesthesia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

visceral arches
Synonym for branchial arches ... Typically, 6 arch's in vertebrates; in the lower vertebrates, they bear gills; in the higher vertebrates, they appear transiently and give rise to specialised structures in the head and neck. ... Synonym: pharyngeal arches, visceral arches. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

visceral brain
Synonym for limbic system ... Collective term denoting a heterogeneous array of brain structures at or near the edge (limbus) of the medial wall of the cerebral hemisphere, in particular the hippocampus, amygdala, and fornicate gyrus; the term is often used so as to include also the interconnections of these structures, as well as their connections …

visceral cavity
Synonym for splanchnic cavity ... The celom or one of the body cavity's derived from it. ... Synonym: visceral cavity. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

visceral cleft
Any cleft between two branchial (visceral) arches in the embryo. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

visceral crises
Attacks of severe, spreading epigastric pain that occur in patients with tabetic neurosyphilis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

visceral disease virus
Synonym for cytomegalovirus ... <virology> Probably the most widespread of the Herpetoviridae group. ... Infected cells enlarge and have a characteristic inclusion body (composed of virus particles) in the nucleus. Causes disease only in utero (leading to abortion or stillbirth or to various congenital defects), although can be opportunistic in …

visceral disorder
Nomenclature used in reference to psychosomatic disorder. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

visceral epilepsy
Epilepsy, usually psychomotor, in which the attacks are initiated by visceral symptoms or sensations; most cases have their focus in the temporal lobe. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

visceral inversion
Synonym for situs inversus viscerum ... A transposition of the viscera, e.g., the liver developing on the left side or the heart on the right. ... Synonym: visceral inversion. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

visceral larva migrans
A disease, chiefly of children, caused by ingestion of infective ova of Toxocara canis, less commonly by other ascarid nematodes not adapted to humans, whose larvae hatch in the intestine, penetrate the gut wall, and wander in the viscera (chiefly the liver) for periods of up to 18 or 24 months; may be asymptomatic or may be marked by hepatomegaly …

visceral layer
The inner layer of an enveloping sac or bursa which lines the outer surface of the enveloped structure, as opposed to the parietal layer which lines the walls of the occupied space or cavity. The visceral layer is usually thin, delicate and not apparent as being separate, but rather appears to be the outer surface of the structure itself. ... Synony …

visceral leishmaniasis
A chronic disease, occurring in India, Assam, China, the area formerly known as the Mediterranean littoral areas, the Middle East, India, Pakistan, China, South and Central America, Asia, Africa caused by Leishmania donovani and transmitted by the bite of an appropriate species of sandfly of the genus Phlebotomus or Lutzomyia; the organisms grow an …

visceral lymph nodes
The lymph nodes draining the viscera of the abdomen or of the pelvis. ... Synonym: nodi viscerales, visceral nodes. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

visceral lymphomatosis
See: avian lymphomatosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

visceral mesoderm
The splanchnic mesoderm or the branchial mesoderm. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

visceral motor neuron
See: motor neuron. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

visceral muscle
Synonym for smooth muscle ... <anatomy, pathology, physiology> Muscle tissue in vertebrates made up from long tapering cells that may be anything from 20-500m long. ... Smooth muscle is generally involuntary and differs from striated muscle in the much higher actin/myosin ratio, the absence of conspicuous sarcomeres and the ability to contract …

visceral nerve
<anatomy, nerve> A term describing nerves conveying autonomic (general visceral efferent) fibres. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

visceral nervous system
Synonym for autonomic nervous system ... <anatomy> Neurons that are not under conscious control, comprising two antagonistic components, the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. ... The autonomic nervous system regulates key functions including the activity of the cardiac (heart) muscle, smooth muscles (e.g., of the gut), and glands …

visceral nodes
Synonym for visceral lymph nodes ... The lymph nodes draining the viscera of the abdomen or of the pelvis. ... Synonym: nodi viscerales, visceral nodes. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

visceral pelvic fascia
Covers the pelvic organs and surrounds vessels and nerves in the subperitoneal space. ... Synonym: endopelvic fascia, fascia pelvis visceralis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

visceral pericardium
The layer of the pericardial sac on the epicardial surface of the heart. It is composed mainly of a single layer of mesothelium. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

visceral peritoneum
The layer of peritoneum investing the abdominal organs. ... Synonym: peritoneum viscerale. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

visceral plate
The inner of the two layers of the lateral mesoderm; the splanchnic mesoderm that becomes associated with the endoderm and together with it constitutes the splanchnopleure. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

visceral pleura
The layer investing the lungs and dipping into the fissures between the several lobes. ... Synonym: pleura pulmonalis, pleura visceralis, pulmonary pleura. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

visceral pleurisy
Synonym for pulmonary pleurisy ... Inflammation of the pleura covering the lungs. ... Synonym: visceral pleurisy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

visceral sense
The perception of the existence of the internal organs. ... Synonym: seventh sense, splanchnesthesia, splanchnesthetic sensibility. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

visceral skeleton
Synonym for visceroskeleton ... 1. <anatomy> Any bony formation in an organ, as in the heart, tongue, or penis of certain animals; the term also includes, according to some anatomists, the cartilaginous rings of the trachea and bronchi. ... 2. That part of the skeleton connected with the sense organs and the viscera. The bony framework protecti …

visceral surface of liver
The posteroinferior surface of the liver that faces adjacent abdominal organs; the porta hepatis and gallbladder are located on this surface. ... Synonym: facies visceralis hepatis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

visceral surface of the spleen
The surface of the spleen in contact with adjacent viscera. ... Synonym: facies visceralis splenis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

visceral traction reflex
Laryngeal spasm precipitated during an operation by traction on the stomach, gallbladder, or appendiceal mesentery. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

visceralgia
Pain in any viscera. ... Origin: viscera + G. Algos, pain ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

viscerimotor
Synonym for visceromotor ... 1. Relating to or controlling movement in the viscera; denoting the autonomic nerves innervating the viscera, especially the intestines. ... 2. Denoting a movement having a relation to the viscera; referring to reflex muscular contractions of the abdominal wall in cases of visceral disease. ... Synonym: viscerimotor. ... (0 …

viscero-
The viscera. ... See: splanchno-. ... Origin: L. Viscus, pl. Viscera, the internal organs ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

viscerocranium
That part of the skull derived from the embryonic pharyngeal arches; it comprises the facial bones of the facial skeleton (under bone) and is distinct from that part of the skull which forms the neurocranium or braincase. ... Synonym: cranium viscerale, visceral cranium, jaw skeleton, splanchnocranium. ... Origin: viscero-+ cranium ... Cartilaginous v …

viscerogenic
Of visceral origin; denoting a number of sensory and other reflexes. ... Origin: viscero-+ G. -gen, producing ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

viscerogenic reflex
Any of a number of reflex's, such as headache, cough, disturbed pulse, etc., caused by disordered conditions of any of the viscera. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

viscerograph
An instrument for recording the mechanical activity of the viscera. ... Origin: viscero-+ G. Grapho, to write ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

visceroinhibitory
Restricting or arresting the functional activity of the viscera. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

visceromegaly
Abnormal enlargement of the viscera, such as may be seen in acromegaly and other disorders. ... Synonym: organomegaly, splanchnomegaly. ... Origin: viscero-+ G. Megas, large ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

visceromotor
1. Relating to or controlling movement in the viscera; denoting the autonomic nerves innervating the viscera, especially the intestines. ... 2. Denoting a movement having a relation to the viscera; referring to reflex muscular contractions of the abdominal wall in cases of visceral disease. ... Synonym: viscerimotor. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

visceromotor reflex
Contraction of the muscles of the thorax or abdomen in response to a stimulus from one of the viscera therein. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...