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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

venous sinuses
Synonym for dural venous sinuses ... Endothelium-lined venous channels in the dura mater. ... Synonym: sinus durae matris, cerebral sinuses, cranial sinuses, sinuses of dura mater, venous sinuses. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

venous star
A small, red nodule formed by a dilated vein in the skin; caused by increased venous pressure. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

venous stasis
Congestion and slowing of circulation in veins due to blockage by either obstruction or high pressure in the venous system, usually best seen in the feet and legs. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

venous valve
A fold of the lining layer of a vein to prevent a reflux of blood. ... Synonym: valvula venosa. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

venous-stasis retinopathy
A uniocular retinopathy associated with occlusion of the central retinal vein; a nonischemic central retinal vein occlusion. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

venovenostomy
<procedure> The formation of an anastomosis between two veins. ... Synonym: phlebophlebostomy. ... Origin: veno-+ veno-+ G. Stoma, mouth ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

vent
To snuff; to breathe or puff out; to snort. ... Origin: Cf. F. Venter to blow, vent wind (see Ventilate); but prob influenced by E. Vent an opening. ... 1. A small aperture; a hole or passage for air or any fluid to escape; as, the vent of a cask; the vent of a mold; a volcanic vent. 'Look, how thy wounds do bleed at many vents.' (Shak) 'Long't was d …

venter
1. <anatomy> The belly; the abdomen; sometimes applied to any large cavity containing viscera. The uterus, or womb. ... A belly, or protuberant part; a broad surface; as, the venter of a muscle; the venter, or anterior surface, of the scapula. ... 2. <zoology> The lower part of the abdomen in insects. ... 3. A pregnant woman; a mother; as, …

venter anterior musculi digastrici
Synonym for anterior belly of digastric muscle ... <anatomy> The portion of the digastric muscle which extends anteriorly from the intermediate tendon, and attaches to the posterior aspect of the mandible. ... Synonym: venter anterior musculi digastrici. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

venter inferior musculi omohyoidei
Synonym for inferior belly of omohyoid muscle ... <anatomy> The inferior belly of the omohyoid muscle, attached to the superior border of the scapula. ... Synonym: venter inferior musculi omohyoidei. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

venter posterior musculi digastrici
Synonym for posterior belly of digastric muscle ... <anatomy> Portion of digastric muscle posterior to the intermediate tendon, attaching to the digastric groove of the temporal bone. ... Synonym: venter posterior musculi digastrici. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

venter propendens
Anteversion of the uterus, a pendulous abdomen. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

venter superior musculi omohyoidei
Synonym for superior belly of omohyoid muscle ... <anatomy> The superior belly of the omohyoid muscle, attached to the hyoid bone. ... Synonym: venter superior musculi omohyoidei. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ventilate
To aerate, or oxygenate, the blood in the pulmonary capillaries. ... Synonym: air, atmosphere. ... Origin: L. Ventilo, pp. -atus, to fan, fr. Ventus, the wind ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ventilation
1. In respiratory physiology, the process of exchange of air between the lungs and the ambient air. Pulmonary ventilation (usually measured in litres per minute) refers to the total exchange, whereas alveolar ventilation refers to the effective ventilation of the alveoli, in which gas exchange with the blood takes place. ... 2. In psychiatry, verbal …

ventilation meter
A meter used to measure tidal and minute ventilatory volumes. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ventilation perfusion scanning
<investigation, radiology> A nuclear medicine test that involves the inhalation of a radioactive gas and the injection of a radioactive compound into the bloodstream. ... A special camera measures the radioactive compound and generates a image of the lungs. Comparisons are made between the images generated. Pulmonary embolism can be diagnosed …

ventilation-perfusion lung imaging
<radiology> See: ventilation agents, perfusion agents, Biello-Siegel criteria ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

ventilation-perfusion mismatch
An imbalance between alveolar ventilation and pulmonary capillary blood flow. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ventilation-perfusion ratio
The ratio of alveolar ventilation to simultaneous alveolar capillary blood flow in any part of the lung; because both ventilation and perfusion are expressed per unit volume of tissue and per unit time, which cancel, the units become liters of gas per liter of blood. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ventilation-perfusion scan
A lung function test, especially useful for pulmonary embolism, employing an inhaled radionuclide for ventilation and an intravenous radionuclide for perfusion; their respective distributions in the lung are recorded scintigraphically. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ventilator
A ventilator is a machine which mechanically assists patients in the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide (sometimes referred to as artificial respiration). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

ventilator weaning
Techniques for effecting the transition of the respiratory-failure patient from mechanical ventilation to spontaneous ventilation, while meeting the criteria that tidal volume be above a given threshold (greater than 5 ml/kg), respiratory frequency be below a given count (less than 30 breaths/min), and oxygen partial pressure be above a given thres …

ventilators, mechanical
Mechanical devices used to produce or assist pulmonary ventilation. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

ventilators, negative-pressure
Body ventilators that assist ventilation by applying intermittent subatmospheric pressure around the thorax, abdomen, or airway and periodically expand the chest wall and inflate the lungs. They are relatively simple to operate and do not require tracheostomy. These devices include the tank ventilators ('iron lung'), portalung, pneumowrap, and ches …

ventilatory compliance
The sum of dynamic compliance of the lung and thoracic compliance. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ventplant
An endo-osseous implant, usually made of titanium, utilised to provide support and fixation for a dental prosthesis by means of projections through the mucosa; also used to designate a family of implants. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ventral
1. Pertaining to the belly or to any venter. ... 2. Denoting a position more toward the belly surface than some other object of reference, same as anterior in human anatomy. ... Origin: L. Ventralis ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

ventral aortas
The paired vessels ventral to the pharynx, which give rise to the aortic arches. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ventral border
Synonym for anterior border ... The ventral or most forward margin of a structure. ... Synonym: anterior margin, ventral border. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ventral branch
Rami ventralis ... See: ventral primary rami of cervical spinal nerves, ventral primary rami of lumbar spinal nerves, ventral primary rami of sacral spinal nerves, ventral primary ramus of spinal nerve. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ventral decubitus
Pressure sores (decubitus ulceration) occurring in ventral locations, such as the abdominal wall or the anterior surface of an extremity. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ventral glands
Synonym for ecdysial gland ... <entomology> Insect structures that originate from the ectoderm of the ventrocaudal part of the head and serve as a source of ecdysone. ... Synonym: peritracheal glands, prothoracic glands, thoracic glands, ventral glands. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ventral hernia
An abdominal incisional hernia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ventral horn
Synonym for anterior horn ... The anterior or frontal division of the lateral ventricle of the brain, extending forward from Monro's interventricular foramen. ... See: lateral ventricle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ventral lateral nucleus of thalamus
Synonym for ventral intermediate nucleus of thalamus ... The composite middle third of the ventral nucleus receiving in its various parts distinctive projections from the contralateral half of the cerebellum (by way of the superior cerebellar peduncle) and the ipsilateral globus pallidus; nearly all parts of the nucleus projects to the motor cortex. …

ventral mesogastrium
The primitive midline mesentery extending between future stomach and proximal duodenum and the anterior abdominal wall superior to the umbilicus (umbilical vein). The liver develops within it, and consequently the lesser omentum, coronary and falciform ligaments are derivatives of it. The umbilical vein runs in its caudal free edge, becoming the po …

ventral nervous system defective
<molecular biology> A Drosophila gene encoding an integral membrane glycoprotein related to amyloidogenic glycoprotein. ... (12 Jan 1998) ...

ventral nucleus of thalamus
A large, complex cell mass the external border of which forms the ventral and much of the lateral boundary, as well as the rostral border, of the thalamus; it can be subdivided into an anterior, intermediate, and posterior part. ... Synonym: nucleus ventralis thalami. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ventral nucleus of trapezoid body
A cell group embedded among the fibres of the trapezoid body, the major decussation of the central auditory pathway, in the lower pons. The nucleus receives fibres from the contralateral cochlear nuclei and contributes fibres to the ascending auditory system or lateral lemniscus. ... Synonym: nucleus ventralis corporis trapezoidei. ... (05 Mar 2000)< …

ventral pancreas
That portion of the primordium of the pancreas that develops, together with the hepatic diverticulum, as a ventral bud from the foregut endoderm. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ventral part of pons
The large ventral part of the pons occupied by the nuclei pontis, traversed longitudinally by corticopontine, corticobulbar, and corticospinal fibres, and transversely by pontocerebellar fibres. Pontocerebellar fibres converging laterally form the middle cerebellar peduncle or brachium pontis. ... Synonym: pars ventralis pontis, anterior part of pon …

ventral plate
Synonym for floor plate ... Ventral midline thinning of the developing neural tube, a continuity between the basal laminae of either side; opposite of roof plate. ... Synonym: ventral plate. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ventral plate of neural tube
Synonym for basal lamina of neural tube ... The ventral division of the lateral walls of the neural tube in the embryo; it contains neuroblasts giving rise to somatic and visceral motor neurons. ... Synonym: lamina basalis, basal plate of neural tube, lamina ventralis, ventral plate of neural tube. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ventral root
The motor root of a spinal nerve. ... Synonym: radix anterior, radix motoria, anterior root, motor root, radix ventralis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ventral sacrococcygeal ligament
<anatomy> The continuation of the anterior longitudinal ligament uniting the sacrum and coccyx. ... Synonym: ligamentum sacrococcygeum anterius, anterior sacrococcygeal ligament. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ventral sacrococcygeal muscle
Synonym for ventral sacrococcygeus muscle ... <anatomy> An inconstant muscle on the pelvic surfaces of the sacrum and coccyx, the remains of a portion of the tail musculature of lower animals. ... Synonym: musculus sacrococcygeus ventralis, musculus sacrococcygeus anterior, ventral sacrococcygeal muscle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ventral sacrococcygeus muscle
<anatomy> An inconstant muscle on the pelvic surfaces of the sacrum and coccyx, the remains of a portion of the tail musculature of lower animals. ... Synonym: musculus sacrococcygeus ventralis, musculus sacrococcygeus anterior, ventral sacrococcygeal muscle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ventral sacroiliac ligaments
Synonym for anterior sacroiliac ligaments ... The strong fibrous bands that reinforce the sacroiliac joint anteriorly. ... Synonym: ligamenta sacroiliaca anteriora, ventral sacroiliac ligaments. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ventral spinocerebellar tract
Synonym for anterior spinocerebellar tract ... A bundle of fibres originating in the base of the posterior horn and zona intermedia throughout lumbosacral segments of the spinal cord, crossing to the opposite side and ascending in a peripheral position in the ventral half of the lateral funiculus. In its ascent through the rhombencephalon, the tract …

ventral spinothalamic tract
Synonym for anterior spinothalamic tract ... The more anterior or ventral part of the spinothalamic tract that is involved in tactile sensation. ... See: spinothalamic tract. ... Synonym: tractus spinothalamicus anterior, ventral spinothalamic tract. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ventral splanchnic arteries
Artery's that arise on the embryo from the dorsal aorta and are distributed to the digestive tube. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ventral surface of digit
Synonym for palmar surface of fingers ... The flat of the fingers; the flexor or anterior surface of the fingers. ... Synonym: facies digitalis ventralis, facies digitalis palmaris, ventral surface of digit. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ventral tegmental area
A region in the mesencephalon which is dorsomedial to the substantia nigra and ventral to the red nucleus. The mesocortical and mesolimbic dopaminergic systems originate here, including an important projection to the nucleus accumbens. Overactivity of the cells in this area has been suspected to contribute to the positive symptoms of schizophrenia. …

ventral tegmental decussation
See: tegmental decussations. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ventral thalamic peduncle
The massive system of fibre bundles emerging through the ventral, lateral, and anterior borders of the thalamus to join the internal capsule and parts of the corona radiata; it contains the fibres reciprocally connecting the ventral thalamic nuclei with the precentral and postcentral gyri of the cerebral cortex. ... Synonym: pedunculus thalami ventr …

ventral tier thalamic nuclei
Collective term for nuclei in the ventral part of the lateral nuclear group, e.g., ventral anterior, lateral, posterolateral, and posteromedial nuclei and the medial and lateral geniculate bodies. The basoventral nuclear complex constitutes the caudal part of the ventral tier thalamic nuclei. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ventral white column
Synonym for white commissure ... A narrow band of white substance bordering on the anterior median fissure of the spinal cord in front of the anterior gray commissure, and consisting of nerve fibres crossing over from one half of the spinal cord to the other. ... Synonym: commissura alba, anterior white commissure, commissura ventralis alba, ventral …

ventralis
Synonym: ventral. ... Origin: L. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ventricle
<anatomy> The paired (right and left) more muscular chambers of the heart that pump blood into the pulmonary (right ventricle) and systemic (left ventricle) circulation. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

ventricle of cerebral hemisphere
Synonym for lateral ventricle ... A cavity shaped somewhat like a horseshoe in conformity with the general shape of the hemisphere; each lateral ventricle communicates with the third ventricle through the interventricular foramen of Monro, and expands from there forward into the frontal lobe as the anterior horn as well as caudally over the thalamus …

ventricle of diencephalon
Synonym for third ventricle ... A narrow, vertically oriented, irregularly quadrilateral cavity in the midplane, extending from the lamina terminalis to the rostral opening of the mesencephalic aqueduct. This ventricle communicates at its rostrodorsal corner with each of the two lateral ventricles through the left and right interventricular foramen …

ventricle of rhombencephalon
Synonym for fourth ventricle ... A cavity of irregular tentlike shape extending from the obex rostralward to its communication with the sylvian aqueduct, enclosed between the cerebellum dorsally and the rhombencephalic tegmentum ventrally, having a rhomboid-shaped floor (rhomboid fossa) and a tentlike roof which in its caudal part is formed by the t …

ventricle of Sylvius
Synonym for cavity of septum pellucidum ... A slitlike, fluid-filled space of variable width between the left and right transparent septum, which occurs in less than 10% of human brains and may communicate with the third ventricle. ... Synonym: cavum septi pellucidi, Duncan's ventricle, fifth ventricle, pseudocele, pseudoventricle, sylvian ventricle, …

ventricles
Chambers of an organ. For example, the four connected cavities (hollow spaces) in the central brain or the four chambers of the heart. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

ventricles of heart
One of the two lower chambers of the heart. ... Synonym: ventriculus cordis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ventricose
Bulging or swollen on one side or unequally. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ventricular
<anatomy> Pertaining to a ventricle. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

ventricular aberration
Synonym for aberrant ventricular conduction ... Abnormal intraventricular conduction of a supraventricular beat, especially where surrounding beats are normally conducted. ... Synonym: ventricular aberration. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ventricular afterload
Formerly, the arterial pressure or some other measure of the force that a ventricle must overcome while it contracts during ejection, contributed to by aortic or pulmonic artery impedance, peripheral vascular resistance, and mass and viscosity of blood; now, more rigorously expressed in terms of the wall stress, i.e., the tension per unit cross-sec …

ventricular aneurysm
Aneurysm of the ventricular portion of the membranous septum, an aneurysm that bulges toward the right in systole, often consisting of the anterior leaflet of the tricuspid valve. ... Synonym: cardiac aneurysm. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ventricular arrhythmia
<cardiology> A cardiac arrhythmia which originates from within the ventricles. ... Isolated ventricular contractions are referred to as premature ventricular contractions. Frequent premature ventricular contractions can be potentially unstable and can degrade to a more serious rhythm or cardiac arrest. ... (12 Jan 1998) ...

ventricular arrhythmias
Abnormal rapid heart rhythms (arrhythmias) that originate in the lower chambers of the heart (the ventricles). Ventricular arrhythmias include ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation. Both are life threatening arrhythmias most commonly associated with heart attacks or scarring of the heart muscle from previous heart attack. ... (12 Dec …

ventricular arteries
Branches of the right and left coronary arteries distributed to the muscle of the ventricles. ... Synonym: arteriae ventriculares. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ventricular assist device
A device that supports or replaces the function of a ventricle (LVAD or RVAD indicates which ventricle). The patient's heart remains in place when this device or system is used. The device is used in patients with potentially salvageable myocardium, where centrifugal or pneumatic devices can be placed in either heterotopic or orthotopic positions ( …

ventricular band of larynx
Synonym for vestibular fold ... One of the pair of folds of mucous membrane stretching across the laryngeal cavity from the angle of the thyroid cartilage to the arytenoid cartilage; they enclose a space called the rima vestibuli or false glottis. ... Synonym: plica vestibularis, false vocal cord, plica ventricularis, ventricular band of larynx, vent …

ventricular bigeminy
Paired ventricular beats, the common form consisting of ventricular extrasystoles coupled to sinus beats. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ventricular bradycardia
Slowness of ventricular rate, usually implying the presence of atrioventricular block. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ventricular capture
Capture of the ventricle(s) by an impulse arising in the atria or A-V junction. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ventricular complex
The continuous QRST waves of each beat in the electrocardiogram. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ventricular conduction
Synonym for intraventricular conduction ... Conduction of the cardiac impulse through the ventricular myocardium, represented by the QRS complex in the electrocardiogram. H-R conduction time is from the onset of the first high frequency component of the His bundle electrogram to the onset of the QRS complex of the surface electrocardiogram (normally …

ventricular diastole
Period of relaxation and repolarization of the ventricular muscle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ventricular diverticulum
A congenital outpouching of the right or left ventricle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ventricular dysfunction
A condition in which the ventricles of the heart exhibit a decreased functionality. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

ventricular dysfunction, left
A condition in which the left ventricle of the heart exhibits a decreased functionality. This decreased function could lead to congestive heart failure or myocardial infarction, among other cardiovascular diseases. Diagnostic measurements that indicate this condition include a diminished ejection fraction and a depressed level of motility of the le …

ventricular dysfunction, right
A condition in which the right ventricle of the heart exhibits a decreased functionality. This decreased function could lead to congestive heart failure or myocardial infarction, among other cardiovascular diseases. Diagnostic measurements that indicate this condition include a diminished ejection fraction and a depressed level of motility of the r …

ventricular extrasystole
A premature contraction of the ventricle. ... Synonym: infranodal extrasystole. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ventricular fibrillation
<cardiology> A disorganised chaotic contraction of the ventricle that fails to effectively eject blood from the ventricle. ... During ventricular fibrillation the patient is unconscious and will die if emergency intervention is not undertaken (defibrillation). ... (12 Jan 1998) ...

ventricular filling pressure
The pressure in the ventricle as it fills with blood, ordinarily equivalent to the mean atrial pressure when there is no A-V valvular gradient. Atrial pressure can be used in place of transmural pressure because pericardial pressure usually varies between -2 and +2 mm Hg and hence is negligible. During cardiac tamponade, pericardial and atrial pres …

ventricular fluid
The portion of the cerebrospinal fluid that is contained in the ventricles of the brain. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ventricular flutter
A form of rapid ventricular tachycardia in which the electrocardiographic complexes assume a regular undulating pattern without distinct QRS and T waves. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ventricular fold
Synonym for vestibular fold ... One of the pair of folds of mucous membrane stretching across the laryngeal cavity from the angle of the thyroid cartilage to the arytenoid cartilage; they enclose a space called the rima vestibuli or false glottis. ... Synonym: plica vestibularis, false vocal cord, plica ventricularis, ventricular band of larynx, vent …

ventricular function
The haemodynamic and electrophysiological action of the ventricles. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

ventricular function, left
The haemodynamic and electrophysiological action of the left ventricle. Its measurement is an important aspect of the clinical evaluation of patients with heart disease to determine the effects of the disease on cardiac performance. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

ventricular function, right
The haemodynamic and electrophysiological action of the right ventricle. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

ventricular fusion beat
A fusion beat that occurs when the ventricles are activated partly by the descending sinus or A-V junctional impulse and partly by an ectopic ventricular impulse. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ventricular gradient
The algebraic sum of (i.e., the net electrical difference between) the area enclosed within the QRS complex and that within the T wave in the electrocardiogram. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ventricular layer
Synonym for ependymal layer ... An inner epithelial layer of cells bordering the lumen of the embryonic neural tube and brain, formed during the latter's stratification, and persisting in modified form throughout life. ... Synonym: ependymal zone, ventricular layer. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ventricular ligament
Synonym for vestibular ligament ... <anatomy> The thin fibrous layer that lies in the ventricular fold of the larynx. ... Synonym: ligamentum vestibulare, ligamentum ventriculare, ventricular ligament. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ventricular loop
Synonym for bulboventricular loop ... The portion of the early-somite embryonic cardiac tube that evolves into the ventricle and bulbus cordis. ... Synonym: ventricular loop. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...