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Superglossary - Architecture Category: Architecture and Buildings Date & country: 16/12/2013, USA Words: 1135

Ruminant
An animal with a stomach that has four compartments, and a more complex digestive system than other

Rural
The Bureau of the Census defines the rural population (in contrast to urban) as all persons living i

Rural Development Trust Fund
Authorized under the FAIR Act of 1996 the trust fund is used to distribute Rural Community Assistanc

Rural Electric Cooperatives
There are 874 electric distribution cooperatives and 60 generation and transmission cooperatives in

Rural Home Loans
Section 502 loans are available through the Rural Housing Service to low- and moderate-income rural

Rural Home Repair Loans And Grants
Section 504 Loans and grants are available through the Rural Housing Service to lower income rural h

Rural Housing Preservation Grants
Section 533 grants are available through the Rural Housing Service for repairing and rehabilitating

Rural Housing Service (RHS)
The USDA agency responsible for administering the housing programs including direct loans, loan guar

Rural Multifamily Housing Loans
Section 515 loans are available through the Rural Housing Service for providing rental housing for l

Rural Rental Assistance
Section 521 rental assistance available through the Rural Housing Service reduces out-of-pocket cash

Rural Utilities Service (RUS)
An agency within USDA charged with administering activities that support rural telecommunications, d

Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)
P.L. 93-523 (December 16, 1974) as amended, is the key federal law for protecting public water syste

Sales For Local Currencies
A provision of P.L. 480 that permits a portion of commercial sales (under Title I) to be repaid in t

Salmonella
A pathogenic, diarrhea-producing bacterium that is the leading cause of human food borne illness amo

Salvage Rider
Section 2001 in the Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act of 1995 (P.L. 104-19, July 27, 1995) t

Salvage Sales
Timber sales from national forests primarily to remove dead, infested, damaged, or down trees and as

Sample Grade
In commodities, usually the lowest quality of a commodity, too low to be acceptable for delivery in

Scaling
A method by which Forest Service personnel, or an independent third-party to measures the volume of

School Breakfast Program
Permanently authorized by the Child Nutrition Act of 1966. Federal funding is provided in the form o

Science Advisory Board
A group of independent scientists selected by the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agen

Scientific Advisory Panel
Formally known as the FIFRA Scientific Advisory Panel, this group of independent scientists was auth

Scrapie
A fatal, degenerative neurological disease of sheep and goats. The similarity of scrapie to bovine s

Section 11 Special Assistance
This refers to the section of National School Lunch Act that provides additional cash reimbursements

Section 15 Lands
These are public lands that lie outside a grazing district administered by the Bureau of Land Manage

Section 201
A section of the Trade Act of 1974 that permits the President to grant temporary import relief, by r

Section 22
A provision of permanent agricultural law (Agricultural Adjustment Act Amendment of 1935) that allow

Section 3 Lands
Public lands within a grazing district administered by the Bureau of Land Management under Section 3

Section 301
A section of the Trade Act of 1974 that authorizes the President to take all appropriate action, inc

Section 32
Section 32 of Agricultural Adjustment Act Amendment of 1935 was enacted to widen market outlets for

Section 404
A provision of the Clean Water Act establishing a program regulating the discharge of dredge or fill

Section 416
A section of the Agricultural Act of 1949 that provides for the disposition of agricultural commodit

Section 502 Loans
A rural housing loan program, administered by the Rural Housing Service (RHS), authorized under Sect

Section 504 Loans And Grants
A USDA rural housing repair program authorized under Section 504 of the Housing Act of 1949. Under c

Section 514 Loans
A domestic farm labor housing program authorized under Section 514 of the Housing Act of 1949. The R

Section 515 Loans
A USDA rural housing program authorized under Section 515 of the Housing Act of 1949. The Rural Hous

Section 516 Grants
A USDA farm labor housing program authorized under Section 516 of the Housing Act of 1949. Qualified

Section 521 Rental Assistance
Rental assistance authorized under Section 521 of the Housing Act of 1949. Owners of housing finance

Section 523 Loans
A mutual self-help rural housing program authorized under Section 523 of the Housing Act of 1949 and

Section 524 Loans
Land acquisition and development loans authorized under Section 524 of the Housing Act of 1949. Nonp

Section 533 Grants
A USDA rural housing rehabilitation program authorized under Section 533 of the Housing Act of 1949.

Sediments
Particulate material, including soil, sand, and minerals, transported and deposited by water or wind

Seed Bank
A facility used for the preservation and dissemination of seed, particularly varieties that are not

Self-Help Land Development Loans
Section 523 loans are for acquiring and developing land that will be used for mutual self-help housi

Septic System
An on-site system designed to treat and dispose of domestic sewage from a residence or business not

Set-Aside Program
A program (not used since the late 1970s) under which farmers are required to set aside a certain pe

Sharecropper
A tenant farmer who receives a share of the crops, livestock, or livestock products from the landown

Sheep Promotion
P.L. 103-407 (October 22, 1994) enabled sheep producers and feeders and importers of sheep and sheep

Sheet Erosion
The removal of a thin, relatively uniform layer of soil from the land surface caused by runoff.

Shelterbelt
A plant barrier of trees, shrubs, or other approved perennial vegetation designed to reduce wind ero

Sherman Anti-Trust Act
The 1890 law is considered the foundation of federal anti-monopoly policy. Passed partly as an outgr

Shippers Export Declaration (SED)
A form required by the government for the compilation of official export statistics and for export c

Shipping Holiday
A fruit and vegetable marketing order provision that prohibits the commercial shipping of the regula

Short
(1) The selling side of an open futures contract

Short Selling
Selling a futures contract with the idea of delivering on it or offsetting it at a later date.

Short Ton
Two thousand pounds. By contrast, a long ton equals 2,240 pounds. A metric ton equals 2,204.62 pound

Sign-Up Period
A USDA-prescribed time period, usually lasting several months, when farmers can enroll in a crop pri

Silt
Sedimentary materials composed of fine or intermediate-sized mineral particles.

Silviculture
A branch of forestry dealing with the development and care of forests.

Site Loans
Section 523 loans and Section 524 loans are for acquiring and developing land for low- and moderate-

Slotting Fees
Paid by manufacturers to purchase shelf space in retail stores

Small Farm
Although there is no official, widely accepted definition of a small farm, the Small Farms Commissio

Small Hog Operation Payment (SHOP)
A $50 million program, announced January 12, 1999, that makes direct farm payments of up to $5 per h

Smith-Lever Act Of 1914
P.L. 63-95 (May 8, 1914) authorized and provided initial funding for states to establish an educatio

Sodbuster
A program created by Title 12 of the Food Security Act of 1985 designed to discourage the plowing up

Soil
In the United States, about 70,000 kinds of soil are recognized in the nationwide system of classifi

Soil Bank Act
Title I of the Agricultural Act of 1956 (P.L. 84-540), designated the Soil Bank Act, created the Acr

Soil Bank Program
A federal program of the late 1950s and early 1960s that paid farmers to retire land from production

Soil Conditioner
An organic material like humus or compost that helps soil absorb water, build a bacterial community,

Soil Conservation District
A legal subdivision of state government, with a locally elected governing body, responsible for deve

Soil Conservation Service (SCS)
Replaced by a new USDA agency, the Natural Resources Conservation Service after USDA reorganization

Soil Loss Tolerance (T Value)
For a specific soil, the maximum average annual soil loss expressed as tons per acre per year that w

Soil Moisture Zone
Depth of soil from which plant roots extract water.

Soil Quality (Health)
Soil quality includes consideration of measures related to both productivity for crops and environme

Soil Series
A group of soils having horizons (or layers) similar in characteristics and arrangement in the soil

Soil Solarization
Fumigating and warming soil by covering it with black plastic. This is an alternative pest control t

Soil Sterilant
A chemical that temporarily or permanently prevents the growth of all plants and animals, depending

Soil Survey
A program of the Natural Resources Conservation Service to inventory soil resources as a basis for d

Sole Source Bid
This refers to the required bidding process for infant formula sold through the WIC program. It offe

Solid Waste
Non-liquid, non-soluble materials ranging from municipal garbage to industrial wastes that contain c

Sound Science
A phrase generally used in a political context to rhetorically challenge the validity of the other s

Soup Kitchen-Food Bank Program
Originally authorized under the Hunger Prevention Act of 1988 to buy commodities for soup kitchens a

Southern Dairy Compact
An agreement among Southern U.S. states that would allow member states to jointly establish a minimu

Special Milk Program
Offers federal reimbursements for each half-pint of milk served to a child in a participating outlet

Special Review
Formerly known as Rebuttable Presumption Against Registration (RPAR), this is a regulatory process t

Specialty Crops
Usually refers to crops covered by marketing orders that generally are not fruits or vegetables. Spe

Species
Species represent the lowest and most important of the primary groupings used in classifying plants,

Speculator
In commodity trading, an individual who does not hedge, but who trades in futures contracts with the

Spot Commodity
The actual commodity as distinguished from a futures contract. Sometimes used to refer to cash commo

Spot Market
A public or open marketplace (such as open exchanges or auction houses) where products (including ag

Spot Price
The price at which a physical commodity for immediate delivery is selling at a given time and place.

Spread (Or Straddle)
The purchase of a futures contract of one delivery month against the sale of another futures deliver

Standards Of Identity For Food
Mandatory, federally-set requirements that determine what a food product must contain in order to be

Staple
A commodity that is widely and regularly produced and consumed (i.e., wheat, rice, potatoes). A term

State And Private Forestry
A branch of the Forest Service providing technical and financial assistance to states and to private

State Inspection Programs
Often refers to the state-run meat and poultry inspection programs to which USDA contributes 50% of

State Rural Development Block Grant
Under provisions of the Rural Community Advancement Program (RCAP), each state may receive, for dire

State Rural Development Councils
A collaborative partnership comprised of representatives of the federal, state, local, and tribal go

State Technical Committee
Advisory groups to state conservationists (coordinators of all Natural Resources Conservation Servic

State Trading Enterprises (Stes)
Stes are enterprises authorized to engage in trade (exporting and/or importing) that are owned, sanc

Steagall Amendment Of 1941
P.L. 77-144 (July 1, 1941) required price support for many nonbasic commodities at 85% of parity or