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Superglossary - Architecture Category: Architecture and Buildings Date & country: 16/12/2013, USA Words: 1135

Step 2 Payments
One of the three cotton competitiveness provisions intended to keep U.S. cotton competitive in domes

Stocker Cattle
Calves or older animals maintained, often on pasture or rangeland, to increase weight and maturity b

Stocking Rate
The number of specific kinds and classes of livestock grazing or using a unit of land for a specifie

Stocks
Commercial grain stocks include domestic grain in storage in public and private elevators at importa

Strategic Grain Reserve
National grain stocks held in reserve intentionally by government programs for the purpose of meetin

Strip Tillage
Planting and tillage operations that are limited to a strip not to exceed one-third of the distance

Stripcropping
Growing crops in a systematic arrangement of strips or bands, usually parallel to the land

Structure Of Agriculture
The characteristics of the farm sector

Stubble-Mulching
Leaving the stubble or crop residue essentially in place on the land as a surface cover during a fal

Stumpage Price (Or Stumpage Rate)
The agreed-upon price, usually in dollars per thousand board feet (mbf), between a private timber pu

Subscription Farming
Usually refers to a direct marketing arrangement between a local farmer and one or more nearby consu

Subsidy
A direct or indirect benefit granted by a government for the production or distribution (including e

Subsistence Farm
A low-income farm where the operator is producing primarily for the family

Sugar Price Support Program
The federal program that maintains a minimum price for sugar. The new program covers the 1996-2002 c

Sugar Re-Export Programs
Administered by USDA, program regulations allow cane refiners and food manufacturers, subject to cer

Suitable Timberland
Timberland from which timber cutting is proposed in forest planning.

Summer Fallow
Cropland in semi-arid regions that is purposely kept out of production during a cropping season main

Summer Food Service Program (SFSP)
The SFSP operates in low-income areas during the summer months to provide meals and snacks to childr

Super 301
Section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974, as amended by section 1302 of the Omnibus Trade and Competitiv

Superfund
The hazardous substance cleanup program created by the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compens

Supplement
For child nutrition programs, this refers to federally reimbursed snacks that are served to children

Supply Control Programs
Any of several government programs to influence the supply of farm products on the market. Some, suc

Support Price
A legislated minimum price for a particular commodity, maintained by USDA through a variety of mecha

Surface Runoff
Precipitation, snow melt, or irrigation water in excess of what can infiltrate the soil surface and

Surface Transportation Board (STB)
The federal body regulating railroads created by Congress when it eliminated the Interstate Commerce

Surplus
The amount by which available supplies are greater than the quantity that will bring producers an ad

Suspension
A process under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act by which the Environmental P

Sustainable Agriculture
A systematic approach to agriculture that focuses on ensuring the long-term productivity of human an

Sustained Yield
An output of renewable resources that does not impair the productivity of the resource

Swampbuster
A provision of the Food Security Act of 1985 that discourages the conversion of wetlands to cropland

Sweet Potato Whitefly
An insect pest of cotton, fruit and vegetable, and greenhouse crops. The Animal and Plant Health Ins

Takings (Of Property)
The Fifth Amendment to the Constitution, and comparable provisions in state constitutions, bar the '

Talmadge-Aiken Plants
The approximately 250 meat and poultry plants in 10 states where USDA has contracted with state agen

Target Price
Price levels established by past law for wheat, corn, grain sorghum, barley, oats, rice, and upland

Targeting
A policy concept under which government farm program benefits would be directed toward specified gro

Tariff
A tariff is a list or schedule of taxes, while a duty is the tax imposed on a specific item. However

Tariff Act Of 1930
P.L. 71-361, also known as the Smoot-Hawley Act, raised U.S. import tariffs to their highest levels

Tariff Rate Quota
A trade policy tool used to protect a domestically-produced commodity or product from competitive im

Tariff Schedule
A list or schedule of duties imposed in the conduct of international trade. The Harmonized Tariff Sc

Tariffication
The conversion of nontariff barriers to tariffs or tariff-rate quotas.

Taylor Grazing Act Of 1934 (TGA)
P.L. 73-482 (June 28, 1934) provides for the regulation of grazing on the public lands (excluding Al

TCDD
Dioxin.

TCK Smut
Tilletia controversa kuhn is a wheat fungus present in the Pacific Northwest. It takes on policy sig

Team Nutrition
Coordinated effort by the Food and Consumer Service to implement the school meals initiative for hea

Technical Barriers To Trade (Tbts)
A category of nontariff barriers to trade, tbts are the widely divergent measures that countries use

Tender
As a verb, tender announces the intention of delivering a notice or an actual commodity

Teratogen
A chemical that causes nonhereditary birth defects in a developing fetus. Teratogencity is taken int

Terminal Elevator
A large elevator (warehouse) facility with the capacity to transfer grain to rail cars, barges, or s

Terminal Market
A central site, often in a metropolitan area, that serves as an assembly and trading place for agric

Terminator Seeds
A descriptive term used by some for seeds that have been genetically engineered to produce a crop wh

Terrace
An embankment, ridge, or leveled strip constructed across sloping soils on the contour, or at right

Threatened Species
Species listed by regulation under ESA, and are generally given a lower level of protection than end

Three Entity Rule
Federal law currently sets an annual cap on the amount of direct payments that a person may receive

Threshold
The lowest non-zero dose of a chemical at which a specified measurable effect occurs. Sometimes used

Thrifty Food Plan (TFP)
The TFP is one of four USDA-designed food plans specifying foods and amounts of foods to provide ade

Timber Sale
A contract for the sale of federal timber to a private purchaser with the right to cut and remove tr

Timberland
Lands that can grow annually a minimum amount of wood that can be used to produce commercial wood pr

Tobacco Price Support Program
The tobacco price support program uses a combination of marketing quotas and nonrecourse loans to ke

Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA)
P.L. 94-469 (October 11, 1976) authorizes the Environmental Protection Agency to regulate toxic subs

Trade Act Of 1974
P.L. 93-618 provided the President with tariff and nontariff trade barrier negotiating authority for

Trade Adjustment Assistance
Assistance provided by the Departments of Labor and Commerce to workers and firms that are adversely

Trade Agreements Act Of 1979
P.L. 96-39 (July 26, 1979) provided the implementing legislation for the Tokyo Round of multilateral

Trade And Tariff Act Of 1984
P.L. 98-573 (October 30, 1984) clarified the conditions under which unfair trade cases under Section

Trade Policy Committee
The TPC is the senior U.S. Government interagency trade committee established to provide broad guida

Transparency
A World Trade Organization principle stipulating that a country

Transshipment
Refers to the primary export of U.S. farm products to certain countries (notably Canada and the Neth

Tree Assistance Program (TAP)
A disaster assistance program, administered by the Farm Service Agency, that makes payments for lost

Tree Measurement Sales
A timber sale where purchasers pay the total bid value (the estimated timber volume times the stumpa

Triple Base Plan
Also called the flexible base plan. A proposal under which farmers who raise program crops would rec

Two-Tiered Pricing
Any farm program system under which commodities grown for domestic use are supported at one level an

Underground Storage Tank
For purposes of Subtitle I of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, this is any tank used to s

Unique Farmland
Land, other than prime farmland, that has combined conditions to produce sustained high quality and

Unit Train
Generally refers to a string of freight cars that all carry the same commodity, frequently over long

United States Code (USC)
The consolidation and codification of all the general and permanent laws of the United States. The U

Universal Soil Loss Equation
A formula used to estimate erosion rates by considering climate, soils, and topographic conditions a

Unreasonable Risk
Under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA), 'unreasonable adverse effects

Upland Cotton
The predominant variety of cotton grown in the United States

Uplands
Land at higher elevations than the alluvial plain or low stream terrace

Urban And Built-Up Areas
A classification in the natural resources inventory, now called developed areas, that includes citie

Urban Growth Boundary
An agreed-upon line that allows development and urban-type services on one side and retains open spa

Uruguay Round
The 8th round of multilateral trade negotiations (MTN) conducted within the framework of the GATT. L

User Fees
Any of various charges and assessments levied on a specifically delineated group that is directly su

Usual Market Requirements (UMR)
A measure of the import requirement of a country met through commercial purchases

Utilization Rates
The percentage of milk in federal milk marketing orders that is used in each of the classes

Value-Added Agriculture
A concept that has gained currency in the small farm policy debate, in response to the concern that

Value-Added Products
In general, products that have increased in value because of processing

Value-Based Pricing
Packers are increasingly using this method of determining how much to pay cattle and hog producers f

Variable Import Levy
A charge levied on imports that raises their price to a level at least as high as the domestic price

Vegetative Controls
Nonpoint source pollution control practices that involve planting cover crops to reduce erosion and

Vertical Coordination
The process of ensuring that each successive stage in the production, processing, and marketing of a

Vertical Integration
The integrating of successive stages of the production and marketing functions under the ownership o

Vesicular Stomatitis
Vesicular stomatitis is a viral disease that can affect horses, swine, cattle, and other ruminants.

Veterinary Biologics
Vaccines, antigens, antitoxins and other preparations made from living organisms (or genetically eng

Veterinary Equivalency
The mutual recognition by two or more countries that each party

Visegrad Countries
The countries that entered into an agreement to coordinate their policies with a view to apply for m

Vomitoxin
Deoxynivalenol (DON), also referred to as vomitoxin, is a naturally occurring mycotoxin produced by

Warehouse Receipt
A document certifying possession of a commodity in a licensed warehouse. Some warehouse receipts are

WASDE
The acronym for World Supply and Demand Estimates, the official monthly report on supply, demand, pr

Wash Versus Trim
USDA requires that any time fecal contamination is detected during meat and poultry processing, it m

Waste Treatment Pond
A shallow lagoon or similar storage facility, often man-made, used to treat liquid agricultural wast