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Superglossary - Architecture Category: Architecture and Buildings Date & country: 16/12/2013, USA Words: 1135

National Early Warning System
A program run by the Centers for Disease Control to increase federal support to state health departm

National Estuary Program
A program established under the Clean Water Act Amendments of 1987 to develop and implement conserva

National Farm Program Acreage
The number of harvested acres of feed grains, wheat, and cotton needed nationally to meet domestic a

National Forest
Originally, forest reserves, established by Presidential proclamation mostly between 1891 and 1909.

National Forest System (NFS)
The 192 million acres administered by the Forest Service for multiple use

National Grasslands
A type of unit designated by USDA and under Title II of the Bankhead-Jones Farm Tenant Act, permanen

National Organic Program
A program authorized by the Organic Foods Production Act of 1990 (Title 21 of the FACT Act of 1990)

National Organic Standards Board
A board established by Title 21 of the FACT Act of 1990 to develop national standards for practices

National Partnership Office (NPO)
The NPO is responsible for implementing National Rural Development Partnership policies and activiti

National Resources Inventory (NRI)
A periodic survey of status and changing conditions of the soil, water, and related resources on pri

National School Lunch Act
P.L. 79-396 (June 4, 1946) authorized federal cash and commodity support for school lunch and milk p

National School Lunch Program
This child nutrition program provides cash and commodity assistance to public and private nonprofit

National Wetland Inventory
An ongoing national survey of wetlands conducted by the Fish and Wildlife Service, primarily for sci

National Wool Act Of 1954
Title VII of Agricultural Act of 1954 was designated the National Wool Act and provided for a new an

NEC
The White House National Economic Council, which in 1998 began examining some aspects of mergers in

NEPA Analysis
Analyses conducted during the preparation of documents required under the National Environmental Pol

Net Cash Income
A farm

Net Farm Income
The return (both monetary and non-monetary) to farm operators for their labor, management and capita

Net Income (Food Stamps)
As relates to the food stamp program, net monthly income is an amount calculated for each food stamp

Net Pen Culture
A type of aquaculture where fish remain captive throughout their lives in marine pens built from net

New Zealand Dairy Board (NZDB)
The New Zealand Dairy Board is a quasi- government corporation that was explicitly created by New Ze

Nitrate
The nitrogen ion, NO3-, is derived from nitric acid and is an important source of nitrogen in fertil

Nitrogen
An element found in the air and in all plant and animal tissues. For many crops, nitrogen fertilizer

No Net Cost
A provision requiring that a price support program be operated at no cost to the federal government.

No Net Cost Tobacco Act Of 1982
P.L. 97-218 (July 20, 1982) required that the tobacco price support program operate at no net cost t

No Net Loss Wetlands Policy
An overall policy goal for wetland protection first adopted by the Bush Administration, and more rec

No-Till Farming
A method of planting crops that involves no seed bed preparation other than opening the soil to plac

Non-Program Crops
Any agricultural commodity not covered by federal commodity programs. Program crops are wheat, corn,

Non-Road Emissions
Pollutants emitted by non-road engines and non-road vehicles, e.g., farm and construction equipment,

Nonbasic Commodities
Commodities other than basic commodities for which USDA is authorized to provide price support in pe

Noncompetitive Imports
A term used by the Economic Research Service in its reporting of agricultural trade statistics to re

Noninsured Assistance Program (NAP)
Producers who grow a crop that is currently not eligible for crop insurance may be eligible for a di

Nonmoney Income
A statistical allowance used in farm income compilations to credit farmers with income for the value

Nonpoint Source Pollution
Pollutants that are not discharged or emitted from a specific 'point' source, such as a pipe or smok

Nonrecourse Loans
Farmers or processors participating in government commodity programs may pledge certain stored commo

Nonrenewable Resources
Nonrenewable resources, in contrast to renewable resources, do not naturally replenish themselves wi

Nontariff Barriers (NTB�s)
Any restriction, charge, or policy other than a tariff, that limits access of imported goods. Exampl

Normal Crop Acreage
The acreage on a farm normally devoted to a group of designated crops. When a set-aside program is i

Normal Flex Acreage
A provision of the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1990 requiring a mandatory 15% reduction in

Normal Yield
The average historic yield established for a particular farm or area. Can also describe average yiel

Northeast Interstate Dairy Compact
An agreement among the six New England States to support the farm price of milk used for fluid consu

Northern Europe (NE) Cotton Price
An average of the five lowest prices of several internationally-traded cottons (including cost, insu

Noxious Weeds
Undesirable plants that infest either land or water resources and cause physical and economic damage

NRSP-7
National Research Support Project 7, also know as the Minor Use Animal Drug Program, is the counterp

Nutrient Pollution
Contamination by excessive inputs of nutrient

Nutrition Assistance Programs
Federal programs in Puerto Rico and American Samoa that provide food assistance through block grant

Nutrition Guidelines
Federal guidelines established for meals served in child nutrition meal service programs governing t

Ocean Ranching
A type of aquaculture, used mainly by the salmon industry, which cultures juvenile fish, releases th

Off-Farm (Non-Farm) Income
That portion of farm household income obtained off the farm, including nonfarm wages and salaries, p

Offal
The less valuable byproduct material from the preparation of a specific product

Offer Versus Serve
Refers to the option children may have to refuse one or more items offered as part of a federally su

Office Of Migrant Education (OME)
An Office of the U.S. Department of Education that works to improve teaching and learning for migrat

Office Of The Chief Economist (OCE)
The Office of the Chief Economist advises the Secretary of Agriculture on the economic implications

Offset
Liquidating a purchase of futures contracts through the sale of an equal number of contracts of the

Offsetting Compliance
A requirement that a farmer owning multiple farms who wishes to participate in a crop program must c

Oilseed Crops
Primarily soybeans, sunflower seed, canola, rapeseed, safflower, flaxseed, mustard seed, peanuts and

Open Position
Ownership of a fixed-price forward contract, especially a futures contract.

Option Premium
The amount an option buyer pays the option writer for an option contract.

Option Writer
A person who sells an option contract, receives the premium, and bears the obligation to buy or sell

Optional Flex Acreage
Under the planting flexibility provision of the Agricultural Act of 1949, as amended by the FACT Act

Options Contract
An option contract gives the buyer the right, but not the obligation, to buy (call option) or sell (

Options Contracts
A contract traded on a commodity futures exchange that gives the buyer the right without obligation

Oral Toxicity
Ability of a chemical to cause injury when ingested by mouth.

Orderly Marketing
Coordination of the total supply of a commodity in order to achieve sellers

Organic
Chemically, a compound or molecule containing carbon bound to hydrogen. Organic compounds make up al

Organic Farming
An approach to farming based on biological methods that avoid the use of synthetic crop or livestock

Organic Foods
Food products produced by organic farming practices and handled or processed under organic handling

Organoleptic
Relating to the senses (taste, color, odor, feel). Traditional USDA meat and poultry inspection tech

Organophosphates
Insecticides that contain phosphorus, carbon, and hydrogen. They are cholinesterase inhibitors

Orthophotography
Aerial photographs that more precisely show the features of the landscape, including those that migh

Ozone (O3)
A highly reactive molecule composed of three oxygen atoms. Environmentally, ozone is important in tw

Packer Concentration
The degree to which a few large firms dominate total sales within segments of the meat packing indus

Packers And Stockyards Act Of 1921
P.L. 67-51 (August 15, 1921) remains, in amended form, the basic authority for USDA to regulate mark

Paid Diversion
A program, repealed by the FAIR Act of 1996, under which farmers were paid to voluntarily take acrea

Paid Lunch
Refers to a federally reimbursed meal (or snack) bought by a child who does not qualify for a free o

Palmer Drought Index
A measure of the severity of prolonged periods (months or years) of abnormal dryness or wetness over

Parity Price
A measurement of the purchasing power of a unit of a particular commodity. Originally, parity was th

Parity Ratio
The ratio of the prices received index, 1910-14=100, to the prices paid index on a 1910-14=100 base

Particulates
The Environmental Protection Agency has set National Ambient Air Quality Standards for particulates.

Partners For Wildlife
A voluntary partnership program administered by the Fish and Wildlife Service to provide financial a

Partners In Quality
An AMS documented quality assurance system for fresh produce packing houses. Those that incorporate

Pastureland
Land used primarily for the production of domesticated forage plants for livestock (in contrast to r

Pathogen; Pathogenic
Pathogens are infectious or toxin forming microorganisms causing disease. A food borne pathogen is a

Payment Limitation
The maximum annual amount of commodity program benefits a person can receive by law. Persons are def

Payment Quantity
The quantity of production eligible for production flexibility contract payments under the FAIR Act

Payment Rate
Generally, the amount paid per unit of production (i.e., bushel, pound, hundredweight) to each parti

Payment-In-Kind (PIK)
In general, a payment made in the form of CCC-owned commodities (or title to them) in lieu of cash.

Payments In Lieu Of Taxes (PILT)
A program administered by the Bureau of Land Management of the Department of the Interior to compens

Peace Clause
Term used to refer to Article 13 of the Uruguay Round Agreement on Agriculture which exempts certain

Peanut Poundage Quota
A peanut price support program supply control mechanism authorized by the Agricultural Adjustment Ac

Peanut Price Support Program
The federal program that supports the farm price of peanuts by offering price support loans to peanu

Percolation
The movement of water downward and radially through subsurface soil layers, usually continuing downw

Perishable Commodities
Farm goods that prior to processing cannot be stored for a substantial period of time without excess

Permanent Law
Legislation that would be in force in the absence of all temporary or short-term laws (e.g., farm bi

Permanent Vegetative Cover
Trees, or perennial grasses, legumes, or shrubs with an expected life span of at least 5 years. Perm

Permitted Acreage
The acreage on which a farm program participant is permitted to grow a program crop after satisfying

Persistent Pesticides
Pesticides that do not readily break down in the environment. Becoming long-lived components of the

Person
An entity defined by USDA as being eligible to receive federal farm program benefits, subject to ann

Pest
An animal or plant that is directly or indirectly detrimental to human interests, causing harm or re

Pest Scouting
Inspecting a field for pests, including insects, weeds, and pathogens. Pest scouting is a basic comp