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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

demineralization
A loss or decrease of the mineral constituents of the body or individual tissues, especially of bone. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

demipenniform
Synonym for unipennate ... 1. Having a feather arrangement on one side; resembling one-half of a feather. ... 2. Denoting certain muscles with fibres running at an acute angle from one side of a tendon. ... Synonym: demipenniform. ... Origin: uni-+ L. Penna, feather ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

democracy
A system of government in which there is free and equal participation by the people in the political decision-making process. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

democratic republic of the congo
A republic in central africa, south of the central african republic and north of angola and zambia. Its name changes bespeak its history: 1885-1908 congo free state, 1908-60 belgian congo, 1960-71 democratic republic of the congo, 1971-97 zaire. It changed its name back to democratic republic of the congo in 1997. The name zaire is an alternate nam …

demodectic acariasis
Synonym for demodectic mange ... An infestation of the hair follicles and sebaceous glands with mites of the genus Demodex; they occur in humans and a number of domesticated animals; although asymptomatic in most species, these mites can cause severe and extensive dermatitis ('red mange') in dogs. ... Synonym: demodectic acariasis, follicular mange.< …

demodectic blepharitis
Inflammation of the eyelid associated with Demodex folliculorum. ... Synonym: blepharitis acarica. ... Blepharitis follicularis, a deep-seated suppurative inflammation of ciliary follicles and the glands of Zeis and Moll of the eyelid. ... Synonym: pustular blepharitis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

demodectic mange
An infestation of the hair follicles and sebaceous glands with mites of the genus Demodex; they occur in humans and a number of domesticated animals; although asymptomatic in most species, these mites can cause severe and extensive dermatitis ('red mange') in dogs. ... Synonym: demodectic acariasis, follicular mange. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Demodex
A genus of very minute (0.1 to 0.4 mm) follicular mites (family Demodicidae) that inhabit the skin and are usually found in the sebaceous glands and hair follicles of mammals, including humans. ... Origin: G. Demos, tallow, + dex, a woodworm ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Demodex bovis
A species that causes large swellings in the skin, filled with fluid or a cheezy material containing mites, which damages the hide of cattle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Demodex canis
Species causing red or demodectic mange in dogs, characterised by alopecia and commonly associated with staphylococcal pyoderma. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Demodex cati
A species causing mange in cats. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Demodex folliculorum
A very common, universally distributed, and usually nonpathogenic species of mite that inhabits the hair follicles and sebaceous glands of humans, commonly around the nose and scalp margins. ... Synonym: Acarus folliculorum, Simonea folliculorum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Demoivre, Abraham
<person> English mathematician, 1667-1754. ... See: Demoivre's formula. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Demoivre's formula
An obsolete formula for calculating life expectancy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

demon
1. A spirit, or immaterial being, holding a middle place between men and deities in pagan mythology. 'The demon kind is of an inmediate nature between the divine and the human.' (Sydenham) ... 2. One's genius; a tutelary spirit or internal voice; as, the demon of Socrates. [Often written daemon. ... 3. An evil spirit; a devil. 'That same demon that h …

demoniac
Frenzied, fiendish, as if possessed by evil spirits. ... Origin: G. Daimon, a spirit ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

demonstrate
1. To point out; to show; to exhibit; to make evident. ... 2. To show, or make evident, by reasoning or proof; to prove by deduction; to establish so as to exclude the possibility of doubt or denial. 'We can not demonstrate these things so as to show that the contrary often involves a contradiction.' (Tillotson) ... 3. <anatomy> To exhibit and …

demonstration
1. The act of demonstrating; an exhibition; proof; especially, proof beyond the possibility of doubt; indubitable evidence, to the senses or reason. 'Those intervening ideas which serve to show the agreement of any two others are called 'proofs;' and where agreement or disagreement is by this means plainly and clearly perceived, it is called demons …

demonstration ophthalmoscope
<instrument> An ophthalmoscope by which the fundus may be seen simultaneously by more than one observer. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

demorphinization
1. Removal of morphine from an opiate. ... 2. Gradual withdrawal of morphine as a method of overcoming morphine dependence. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

demotic
Of or pertaining to the people; popular; common. Demotic alphabet or character, a form of writing used in Egypt after six or seven centuries before Christ, for books, deeds, and other such writings; a simplified form of the hieratic character. ... Synonym: epistolographic character, and enchorial character. See Enchorial. ... Origin: Gr, fr. The peop …

demucosation
Rarely used term for excision or stripping of the mucosa of any part. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

demulcent
Soothing, bland, allaying the irritation of inflamed or abraded surfaces. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

demyelinated myelitis
Acute multiple sclerosis presenting as a myelitis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

demyelinating disease
Diseases in which the myelin sheath of nerves is destroyed and that often have an autoimmune component. ... Examples are multiple sclerosis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (a complication of acute viral infection), experimental allergic encephalomyelitis, Guillain-Barre syndrome. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

demyelinating diseases
Any condition characterised by the destruction of myelin and extensive loss of the myelin sheaths of the nerve fibres. It affects both the central and peripheral nervous systems. Its aetiology is at present unknown. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

demyelinating encephalopathy
Extensive idiopathic loss of myelin sheaths in the brain, as occurs in leukodystrophy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

demyelinating polyneuropathy
A type of polyneuropathy in which almost solely the peripheral nerve myelin is affected; can be both familial (e.g., Charcot-Marie Tooth disease, type 1), or acquired (e.g., Guillain-Barre syndrome); on motor nerve conduction studies, manifested as conduction slowing or block. ... Synonym: segmental demyelinating polyneuropathy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

demyelination
Loss of myelin with preservation of the axons or fibre tracts. Central demyelination occurs within the central nervous system (e.g., the demyelination seen with multiple sclerosis); peripheral demyelination affects the peripheral nervous system (e.g., the demyelination seen with Guillain-Barre syndrome). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

demyelinisation
The destruction of the protective myelin sheath that surrounds nerve fibres, resulting in the loss of function of those nerves. Demyelinisation happens in some degenerative nerve diseases like multiple sclerosis and polio. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

denarcotise
To remove narcotic properties from an opiate; to deprive of narcotic properties. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

denatonium benzoate
Benzyldiethyl[(2,6-xylylcarbamoyl)methyl]ammonium benzoate;an alcohol denaturant. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

denaturation
Reversible or irreversible loss of function in proteins and nucleic acids resulting from loss of higher order secondary, tertiary or quaternary structure) produced by nonphysiological conditions of pH, temperature, salt or organic solvents. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

denaturation temperature of DNA
That temperature at which, under a given set of conditions, double-stranded DNA is changed (50%) to single-stranded DNA; under standard conditions, the base composition of the DNA can be estimated from the denaturation temperature, since the greater the denaturation temperature, the greater the guanine-plus-cytosine content (i.e., GC content) of th …

denature
To induce structural alterations that disrupt the biological activity of a molecule. Often refers to breaking hydrogen bonds between basepairsin double-stranded nucleicacid molecules to produce in single-strandedpolynucleotides or altering the secondary and tertiary structure of a protein, destroying itsactivity. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

denatured
1. Made unnatural or changed from the normal in any of its characteristics; often applied to proteins or nucleic acids heated or otherwise treated to the point where tertiary structural characteristics are altered. ... 2. Adulterated, as by addition of methanol to ethanol. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

denatured alcohol
Ethyl alcohol rendered unfit for consumption as a beverage by the addition of one or several chemicals for commercial purposes (e.g., sucrose octa-acetate). ... Synonym: industrial methylated spirit, methylated spirit. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

denatured protein
A protein that, because ofheat or detergent application, has lost itsnative conformation. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

dendraxon
An obsolete term for telodendron. ... Origin: G. Dendron, tree, + axon, axis ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dendriform keratitis
<pathology> Inflammation of the cornea (and conjunctiva) due to herpes virus type I, a characteristic finding on physical examination of the eye (cornea) is a dendritic pattern (crystalline or tree-like pattern). ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

dendrite
A long, branching outgrowth or extension from a neuron, that carries electrical signals from synapses to the cell body, unlike an axon that carries electrical signals away from the cell body. Each nerve cell usually has many dendrites. This classical definition, however, lost some weight with the discovery of axo-axonal and dendro-dendritic synapse …

dendrites
On of the threadlike extensions of the cytoplasm of a neuron. In unipolar and bipolar neurons, they resemble axons structurally, but typically, as in multipolar neurons, they branch into treelike processes. Dendrites comprise most of the receptive surfaces of a neuron. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

dendritic
1. Branched like a tree. ... 2. Pertaining to or possessing dendrites. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

dendritic calculus
Synonym for staghorn calculus ... A calculus occurring in the renal pelvis, with branches extending into the infundibula and calices. ... Synonym: branched calculus, coral calculus, dendritic calculus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dendritic cataract
A congenital sutural cataract with complicated branching. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dendritic cell
1. Follicular dendritic cells, found in germinal centres of spleen and lymph nodes, retain antigen for long periods. ... 2. Accessory (antigen presenting) cells, positive for Class II histocompatibility antigens, found in the red and white pulp of the spleen and lymph node cortex and associated with stimulating T-cell proliferation. ... 3. T lymphocy …

dendritic cells
Immunocompetent cells of the lymphoid and haemopoietic systems and skin. They are also called interdigitating, reticular, and veiled cells. They function morphologically and phenotypically by presenting or processing antigens, thereby stimulating cellular immunity. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

dendritic corneal ulcer
Keratitis caused by herpes simplex virus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dendritic depolarisation
The loss of a negative charge in the dendrites of a nerve cell. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dendritic keratitis
<pathology> Inflammation of the cornea (and conjunctiva) due to herpes virus type I, a characteristic finding on physical examination of the eye (cornea) is a dendritic pattern (crystalline or tree-like pattern). ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

dendritic process
Synonym for dendrite ... A long, branching outgrowth or extension from a neuron, that carries electrical signals from synapses to the cell body, unlike an axon that carries electrical signals away from the cell body. Each nerve cell usually has many dendrites. This classical definition, however, lost some weight with the discovery of axo-axonal and …

dendritic spine
Wine glass or mushroom shaped protrusions from dendrites that represent the principal site of termination of excitatory afferent neurons on interneurons, especially in the cortical regions. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

dendritic spines
Variably long excrescences of nerve cell dendrites, varying in shape from small knobs to thornlike or filamentous processes, usually more numerous on distal dendrite arborizations than on the proximal part of dendritic trunks; they are a preferential site of synaptic axodendritic contact; sparse or absent in some types of nerve cells (motor neurons …

dendritic thorns
Synonym for dendritic spines ... Variably long excrescences of nerve cell dendrites, varying in shape from small knobs to thornlike or filamentous processes, usually more numerous on distal dendrite arborizations than on the proximal part of dendritic trunks; they are a preferential site of synaptic axodendritic contact; sparse or absent in some typ …

dendritic tree
Characteristic (tree like) pattern of outgrowths of neuronal dendrites. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

dendrogram
A treelike figure used to represent graphically a hierarchy. ... Origin: dendron, tree, + gramma, a drawing ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dendroid
Tree-like in form but not in size. ... Compare: arborescent. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

dendron
Synonym: dendrite. ... Origin: G. A tree ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dendrotoxin
<protein> Polypeptides isolated from Dendroaspis (snake) venom that are selective blockers of voltage gated K channels in a variety of tissues and cell types. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

denervate
To cause denervation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

denervation
Removal of nerve supply to a tissue, usually by cutting or crushing the axons. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

dengue
Tropical disease caused by a flavivirus (one of the arboviruses), transmitted by mosquitoes. A more serious complication is dengue shock syndrome, a haemorrhagic fever probably caused by an immune complex hypersensitivity after re exposure. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

dengue fever
Synonym for dengue haemorrhagic fever ... <microbiology> A tropical disease caused by dengue virus (Arbovirus), that is transmitted by the bite of an infected mosquito of the genus Aedes). ... Four severity grades of the illness are seen: grade I (fever and constitutional symptoms), grade II (grade I plus spontaneous bleeding of skin, gums or g …

dengue haemorrhagic fever
<microbiology> A tropical disease caused by dengue virus (Arbovirus), that is transmitted by the bite of an infected mosquito of the genus Aedes). ... Four severity grades of the illness are seen: grade I (fever and constitutional symptoms), grade II (grade I plus spontaneous bleeding of skin, gums or gastrointestinal tract), grade III (grade …

dengue shock syndrome
<syndrome> Dengue fever of grade III or IV severity. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dengue virus
A species of the genus flavivirus which causes an acute febrile and sometimes haemorrhagic disease in man. Dengue is mosquito-borne and four serotypes are known. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Denhardt's solution
A solution commonly used during probe hybridisations that involve filters (such as Southern, Northern, or Western blots). ... The solution contains ficoll, bovine serum albumin, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and a high concentration of non-specific DNA so the probe will not hybridise non-specifically. ... (12 Jan 1998) ...

denial
<psychology> Refusal to admit the truth or reality of a situation or experience. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

denidation
Exfoliation of the superficial portion of the mucous membrane of the uterus; stripping off of the menstrual decidua. ... Origin: L. De, from, + nidus, nest ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Denil fishway
<marine biology> Fishway that dissipates the water's energy so fish can swim over low barriers without undue stress. ... A Denil fishway has lateral baffles projecting at an angle from each side of a straight chute and a clear passage up the middle. ... (12 Jan 1998) ...

Denis Browne splint
A light aluminum splint applied to the lateral aspect of the leg and foot; used for clubfoot. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Denis Browne's pouch
A pocket formed between Scarpa's and external oblique fascia adjacent to external inguinal ring; a common lodging site for undescended testes (as in cryptorchism). ... Synonym: superficial inguinal pouch. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

denitrification
1. <biochemistry> The removal of an oxygen atom from a nitrogen compound (like NO3 to NO2, NO2 to NO, or NO to N2). This is something soil bacteria do successively until they release nitrogen gas. ... Conversion of nitrate into nitrogen gases under anaerobic conditions, resulting in loss of nitrogen from ecosystems. ... Compare: nitrogen fixati …

denitrify
To remove nitrogen from any material or chemical compound. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

denitrogenation
Elimination of nitrogen from lungs and body tissues by breathing gases devoid of nitrogen. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Denman
Thomas, English obstetrician, 1733-1815. ... See: Denman's spontaneous evolution. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Denman's spontaneous evolution
A mechanism of spontaneous molding of the foetus and impaction of the shoulder with prolapse of the arm noted in some cases of transverse lie; vaginal delivery is achieved with the breech appearing at the vulva immediately after the prolapsed shoulder. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Dennie
Charles Clayton, U.S. Dermatologist, 1883-1971. ... See: Dennie's infraorbital fold, Dennie's line. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Dennie's infraorbital fold
Synonym for Dennie's line ... An accentuated line or fold below the margin of the lower eyelid; characteristic in atopic dermatitis. ... Synonym: Dennie's infraorbital fold. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Dennie's line
An accentuated line or fold below the margin of the lower eyelid; characteristic in atopic dermatitis. ... Synonym: Dennie's infraorbital fold. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

denominator
1. One who, or that which, gives a name; origin or source of a name. 'This opinion that Aram . . . Was the father and denomination of the Syrians in general.' (Sir W. Raleigh) ... 2. <mathematics> That number placed below the line in vulgar fractions which shows into how many parts the integer or unit is divided. ... Thus, in 3/5, 5 is the deno …

Denonvilliers
Charles P., French surgeon, 1808-1872. ... See: Denonvilliers' aponeurosis, Denonvilliers' ligament. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Denonvilliers' aponeurosis
Synonym for rectovesical septum ... A fascial layer that extends superiorly from the central tendon of the perineum to the peritoneum between the prostate and rectum. ... Synonym: septum rectovesicale, Denonvilliers' aponeurosis, rectovesical fascia, Tyrrell's fascia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Denonvilliers' ligament
Synonym for puboprostatic ligament ... <anatomy> The localised thickening of the superior fascia of the pelvic diaphragm anteriorly that anchors the prostate and neck of the bladder to the pubis on each side. It is composed of medial and lateral parts (ligaments) and usually contains smooth muscle. ... Synonym: ligamentum puboprostaticum, Denon …

dens
Synonym: Tooth. ... 2. A strong toothlike process projecting upward from the body of the axis, or epistropheus, around which the atlas rotates. ... Synonym: odontoid process of epistropheus, odontoid process. ... Origin: L. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dens angularis
Synonym for canine tooth ... <dentistry> A tooth having a crown of thick conical shape and a long, slightly flattened conical root; there are two canine teeth in each jaw, one on either side adjacent to the distal surface of the lateral incisors, in both the deciduous and the permanent dentition. ... Synonym: dens caninus, canine, cuspid tooth, …

dens bicuspidus
Synonym for premolar tooth ... A tooth usually having two tubercles or cusps on the grinding surface and a flattened root, single in the lower jaw and upper second premolar, and furrowed in the upper first premolar. There are four premolars in each jaw, two on either side between the canine and the molars; there are no premolars in the deciduous den …

dens caninus
Synonym for canine tooth ... <dentistry> A tooth having a crown of thick conical shape and a long, slightly flattened conical root; there are two canine teeth in each jaw, one on either side adjacent to the distal surface of the lateral incisors, in both the deciduous and the permanent dentition. ... Synonym: dens caninus, canine, cuspid tooth, …

dens cuspidatus
Synonym for canine tooth ... <dentistry> A tooth having a crown of thick conical shape and a long, slightly flattened conical root; there are two canine teeth in each jaw, one on either side adjacent to the distal surface of the lateral incisors, in both the deciduous and the permanent dentition. ... Synonym: dens caninus, canine, cuspid tooth, …

dens deciduus
Synonym for deciduous tooth ... A tooth of the first set of teeth, comprising 20 in all, that erupts between the mean ages of 6 and 28 months of life. ... Synonym: dens deciduus, baby tooth, deciduous dentition, dens lacteus, first dentition, milk tooth, primary dentition, primary tooth, temporary tooth. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dens in dente
Anomaly of the tooth, found chiefly in upper lateral incisors. It is characterised by invagination of the enamel at the incisal edge. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

dens incisivus
Synonym for incisor tooth ... A tooth with a chisel-shaped crown and a single conical tapering root; there are four of these teeth in the anterior part of each jaw, in both the deciduous and the permanent dentitions. ... Synonym: dens incisivus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dens invaginatus
Synonym for dens in dente ... Anomaly of the tooth, found chiefly in upper lateral incisors. It is characterised by invagination of the enamel at the incisal edge. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

dens lacteus
Synonym for deciduous tooth ... A tooth of the first set of teeth, comprising 20 in all, that erupts between the mean ages of 6 and 28 months of life. ... Synonym: dens deciduus, baby tooth, deciduous dentition, dens lacteus, first dentition, milk tooth, primary dentition, primary tooth, temporary tooth. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dens molaris
Synonym: molar tooth. ... See: molar. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dens permanens
Synonym for permanent tooth ... One of the 32 teeth belonging to the second or permanent dentition; eruption of the permanent teeth begins from the fifth to the seventh year, and is not completed until the seventeenth to the twenty-third year, when the last of the wisdom teeth appears. ... Synonym: dens permanens, dens succedaneus, second tooth, seco …

dens premolaris
Synonym for premolar tooth ... A tooth usually having two tubercles or cusps on the grinding surface and a flattened root, single in the lower jaw and upper second premolar, and furrowed in the upper first premolar. There are four premolars in each jaw, two on either side between the canine and the molars; there are no premolars in the deciduous den …

dens sapientiae
Synonym for third molar ... Eighth permanent tooth in the maxilla and mandible on each side, making it the most posterior tooth in human dentition; usually erupts between the seventeenth and twenty-third years; the roots are often fused, the separation being marked only by grooves; because it tends to erupt in an anterosuperior direction, the lower …

dens serotinus
Synonym for third molar ... Eighth permanent tooth in the maxilla and mandible on each side, making it the most posterior tooth in human dentition; usually erupts between the seventeenth and twenty-third years; the roots are often fused, the separation being marked only by grooves; because it tends to erupt in an anterosuperior direction, the lower …

dens succedaneus
Synonym for permanent tooth ... One of the 32 teeth belonging to the second or permanent dentition; eruption of the permanent teeth begins from the fifth to the seventh year, and is not completed until the seventeenth to the twenty-third year, when the last of the wisdom teeth appears. ... Synonym: dens permanens, dens succedaneus, second tooth, seco …