Copy of `mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary`

The wordlist doesn't exist anymore, or, the website doesn't exist anymore. On this page you can find a copy of the original information. The information may have been taken offline because it is outdated.

mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

van Buchem, Francis Steven Peter
<person> Dutch internist, *1897. ... See: van Buchem's syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

van Buchem's syndrome
<syndrome> An inherited skeletal dysplasia, with mandibular enlargement and thickening of the diaphyses and calvaria, and increased serum alkaline phosphatase; autosomal recessive inheritance. ... Synonym: generalised cortical hyperostosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

van Buren sound
A standard sound, available in several calibers, with a gently curved tip designed to follow the contour of the deep bulbous urethra in the male; used for urethral calibration or dilation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

van Buren, William
<person> U.S. Surgeon, 1819-1883. ... See: van Buren sound, van Buren's disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

van Buren's disease
Synonym for Peyronie's disease ... A disease of unknown cause in which there are plaques or strands of dense fibrous tissue surrounding the corpus cavernosum of the penis, causing deformity and painful erection; sometimes associated with Dupuytren's contracture. ... Synonym: penile fibromatosis, van Buren's disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

van Creveld, S
<person> Dutch paediatrician, *1894. ... See: Ellis-van Creveld syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

van Deen, Izaak
<person> Dutch physiologist, 1804-1869. ... See: van Deen's test. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

van Deen's test
Synonym for Almen's test for blood ... Glacial acetic acid, gum guaiac solution, and hydrogen peroxide are added to an aqueous suspension of the suspected stain; if occult blood or blood pigment is present, a blue colour develops. ... Synonym: guaiac test, Schonbein's test, van Deen's test. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

van den Bergh, A
<person> Dutch physician, 1869-1943. ... See: van den Bergh's test. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

van den Bergh's test
A test for bile pigments (bilirubin) by reaction with diazotised sulfanilic acid (diazo reaction). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

van der Hoeve's syndrome
<syndrome> A subtype of osteogenesis imperfecta in which progressive conductive hearing loss begins in childhood because of stapedial fixation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

van der Kolk, Jacobus
<person> Dutch physician, 1797-1862. ... See: van der Kolk's law. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

van der Kolk's law
In a mixed nerve, the sensory fibres are distributed to the parts moved by the muscles controlled by the motor fibres. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

van der Velden, Reinhardt
<person> German physician, 1851-1903. ... See: van der Velden's test. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

van der Velden's test
A test for free hydrochloric acid, the presence of which turns an added solution of methylene blue from violet to green. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

van der Waals attraction
<chemistry> Electrodynamic forces arise between atoms, molecules and assemblies of molecules due to their vibrations giving rise to electromagnetic interactions, these are attractive when the vibrational frequencies and absorptions are identical or similar, repulsive when nonidentical. Other interactions originally proposed by van der Waals w …

van der Waals, Johannes
<person> Dutch physicist and Nobel laureate, 1837-1923. ... See: van der Waals' forces. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

van der Waals' forces
First postulated by van der Waals in 1873 to explain deviations from ideal gas behaviour seen in real gases; the attractive force's between atoms or molecules other than electrostatic (ionic), covalent (sharing of electrons), or hydrogen bonding (sharing a proton); generally ascribed to dipolar and dispersion effects, &pi;-electrons, etc.; thes …

van Ekenstein, W
<person> 19th century scientist. ... See: Lobry de Bruyn-van Ekenstein transformation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

van Ermengen, Emile
<person> Belgian bacteriologist, 1851-1932. ... See: van Ermengen's stain. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

van Ermengen's stain
<technique> A method for staining flagella which utilises glacial acetic acid, osmic acid, tannic acid, silver nitrate, gallic acid, and potassium acetate. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

van Gieson, Ira
<person> U.S. Histologist and bacteriologist, 1865-1913. ... See: van Gieson's stain. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

van Gieson's stain
<technique> A mixture of acid fuchsin in saturated picric acid solution, used in collagen staining. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

van Helmont, Jean
<person> Flemish physician and chemist, 1577-1644. ... See: van Helmont's mirror. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

van Helmont's mirror
An obsolete term for central tendon of diaphragm. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

van Horne, Johannes
<person> Dutch anatomist, 1621-1670. ... See: van Horne's canal. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

van Horne's canal
Synonym for thoracic duct ... <anatomy> The major efferent lymph duct into which lymph from most of the peripheral lymph nodes drains. ... Recirculating lymphocytes that have left the circulation in the lymph node return to the blood through the thoracic duct. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

Van Slyke apparatus
An apparatus for determining the amounts of respiratory gases in the blood. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Van Slyke, Donald
<person> U.S. Biochemist, 1883-1971. ... See: slyke, Van Slyke apparatus, Van Slyke's formula. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Van Slyke's formula
Synonym for standard urea clearance ... The value obtained when the square root of the urine flow (when below 2 ml/min) is multiplied by the urine urea concentration and divided by the whole blood urea concentration; represents an old empirical adjustment for the effect of low urine flow on urea excretion; sometimes corrected for body size by dividi …

van't Hoff, Jacobus
<person> Dutch chemist and Nobel laureate, 1852-1911. ... See: van't Hoff's equation, van't Hoff's law, van't Hoff's theory, Le Bel-van't Hoff rule. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

van't Hoff's equation
Equation for osmotic pressure of dilute solutions. ... See: van't Hoff's law. ... For any reaction, d(ln Keq/d(1/T) equals -dH/R where Keq is the equilibrium constant, T the absolute temperature, R is the universal gas constant, and dH is the change in enthalpy; thus, plotting ln Keq vs. 1/T allows the determination of dH. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

van't Hoff's law
In stereochemistry, all optically active substances have one or more multivalent atoms united to four different atoms or radicals so as to form in space an unsymmetrical arrangement, the osmotic pressure exerted by any substance in very dilute solution is the same that it would exert if present as gas in the same volume as that of the solution; or, …

van't Hoff's theory
That substances in dilute solution obey the gas laws. ... Compare: van't Hoff's law. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

vanadate
VO4(3) Powerful inhibitor of many, but not all enzymes that cleave the terminal phosphate bond of ATP. The vanadate ion is believed to act as an analogue of the transition state of the cleavage reaction. Dynein is very sensitive to inhibition by vanadate, whereas kinesin is relatively insensitive. Similarly tyrosine kinases are sensitive to vanadat …

vanadates
Oxyvanadium ions in various states of oxidation. They act primarily as ion transport inhibitors due to their inhibition of sodium-, potassium-, and calcium-atpase transport systems. They also have insulin-like action, positive inotropic action on cardiac ventricular muscle, and other metabolic effects. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

vanadic
<chemistry> Pertaining to, or obtained from, vanadium; containing vanadium; specifically distinguished those compounds in which vanadium has a relatively higher valence as contrasted with the vanadious compounds; as, vanadic oxide. ... <chemistry> Vanadic acid, an acid analogous to phosphoric acid, not known in the free state but forming …

vanadic acid
An acid, H3VO4, derived from vanadium, forming salts with various bases. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

vanadium
<chemistry, element> A rare element of the nitrogen-phosphorus group, found combined, in vanadates, in certain minerals, and reduced as an infusible, grayish-white metallic powder. It is intermediate between the metals and the non-metals, having both basic and acid properties. ... Atomic weight: 51.2 ... Abbreviation: V ... Origin: NL, fr. Icel. …

vanadium compounds
Inorganic compounds that contain vanadium as an integral part of the molecule. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

vanadium group
Those elements resembling vanadium in chemical and metallurgical properties; included with vanadium are niobium and tantalum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

vancomycin
<drug> Complex glycopeptide antibiotic produced by actinomycetes. Inhibits peptidoglycan synthesis. Active against many gram-positive bacteria. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

vancomycin resistant enterococcus
A form of intestinal bacteria (formerly classed under streptococcus faecalis) which is not sensitive to the big gun antibiotic, vancomycin. This organism is usually only fatal in those who are, for reasons of age or infirmity, immunosuppressed. The pathology of the illness is exacerbated when haemosepsis (blood-stream infection) develops. ... (09 Oc …

vandal root
Synonym for valerian ... <botany> Any plant of the genus Valeriana. The root of the officinal valerian (V. Officinalis) has a strong smell, and is much used in medicine as an antispasmodic. ... <botany> Greek valerian, a plant (Polemonium caeruleum) with blue or white flowers, and leaves resembling those of the officinal valerian. ... Orig …

vane
1. A contrivance attached to some elevated object for the purpose of showing which way the wind blows; a weathercock. It is usually a plate or strip of metal, or slip of wood, often cut into some fanciful form, and placed upon a perpendicular axis around which it moves freely. 'Aye undiscreet, and changing as a vane.' (Chaucer) ... 2. Any flat, exte …

vanilla
1. <botany> A genus of climbing orchidaceous plants natives of tropical America. ... 2. The long podlike capsules of Vanilla planifolia, and V. Claviculata, remarkable for their delicate and agreeable odour, for the volatile, odouriferous oil extracted from them; also, the flavoring extract made from the capsules, extensively used in confectio …

vanillate 1-hydroxylase
<enzyme> Catalyses the oxidative decarboxylation of vanillic acid to 2-methoxyhydroquinone ... Registry number: EC 1.14.13.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

vanillate O-demethylase
<enzyme> Converts vanillate (3-methoxy-4-hydroxybenzoate) to protocatechuate (3,4-dihydroxybenzoate); enzyme may be related structurally to ferredoxins; demethylates lignin-derived methoxyphenolics such as syringic or hydroxyvanillic acids to the corresponding phenolic products ... Registry number: EC 1.14.13.- ... Synonym: vanillate demethylas …

vanillic acid
<chemical> A flavoring agent. It is the intermediate product in the two-step bioconversion of ferulic acid to vanillin. ... Chemical name: Benzoic acid, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

vanillin dehydrogenase
<enzyme> Genbank y11520 ... Registry number: EC 1.2.1.- ... Synonym: vdh gene product ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

vanillism
1. Symptoms of irritation of the skin, nasal mucous membrane, and conjunctiva from which workers with vanilla sometimes suffer. ... 2. Infestation of the skin by sarcoptiform mites found in vanilla pods. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

vanillyl-alcohol oxidase
<enzyme> From penicillium simplicissimum; contains fad; forms vanillin or 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, respectively, from vanillyl alcohol or 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol ... Registry number: EC 1.1.3.- ... Synonym: 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol oxidase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

vanillylmandelic acid
Misnomer for 4-hydroxy-3-methoxymandelic acid (a,3-dihydroxy-2-methoxybenzeneacetic acid);the major urinary metabolite of adrenal and sympathetic catecholamines (e.g., from both epinephrine and norepinephrine); elevated in most patients with pheochromocytoma. ... Acronym: VMA ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

vanillylmandelic acid test
A test for catecholamine-secreting tumours (pheochromocytoma and neuroblastoma) performed on a 24-hr urine specimen; it is based on the fact that vanillylmandelic acid is the major urinary metabolite of norepinephrine and epinephrine. ... Synonym: 3-methoxy-4-hydroxymandelic acid test, VMA test. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

vanilmandelic acid
<chemical> Chemical name: Benzeneacetic acid, alpha,4-dihydroxy-3-methoxy- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

vanished testis syndrome
<syndrome> Absence of both testes in a male with normal chromosomes (XY) and otherwise normal genitalia at birth and during childhood. Testes were present in at least the first trimester of gestation, but vanished sometime thereafter. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

vanishing cream
An oil-in-water emulsion containing potassium, ammonium, or sodium stearate with water and holding in emulsified form more or less free stearic acid; it also contains a hygroscopic ingredient such as glycerol, and a small amount of a fatty ingredient; it leaves a protective, invisible film of stearic acid on the skin. ... Synonym: greaseless cream.< …

vanishing lung
Synonym for vanishing lung syndrome ... <syndrome> Progressive decrease of radiographic opacity of the lung caused by accelerated development of emphysema or rapid cystic destruction of the lung from infection. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

vanishing lung syndrome
<syndrome> Progressive decrease of radiographic opacity of the lung caused by accelerated development of emphysema or rapid cystic destruction of the lung from infection. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

vanity
Origin: OE. Vanite, vanite, L. Vanitas, fr. Vanus empty, vain. See Vain. ... 1. The quality or state of being vain; want of substance to satisfy desire; emptiness; unsubstantialness; unrealness; falsity. 'Vanity of vanities, saith the Preacher, vanity of vanities; all is vanity.' (Eccl. I. 2) 'Here I may well show the vanity of that which is reporte …

vanuatu
A republic consisting of an island group in melanesia, in the southwest pacific ocean. Its capital is port-vila. It was called new hebrides until 1980. It was discovered in 1606 by the portuguese, forgotten for 160 years, then visited by bougainville in 1768 and captain cook in 1774. It was under joint british and french administration from 1906 un …

vapid
Having lost its life and spirit; dead; spiritless; insipid; flat; dull; unanimated; as, vapid beer; a vapid speech; a vapid state of the blood. 'A cheap, bloodless reformation, a guiltless liberty, appear flat and vapid to their taste.' (Burke) Vap'idly, Vap'idness. ... Origin: L. Vapidus having lost its lire and spirit, vapid; akin to vappa vapid w …

vapor
To send off in vapor, or as if in vapor; as, to vapor away a heated fluid. ... Alternative forms: vapour] 'He'd laugh to see one throw his heart away, Another, sighing, vapor forth his soul.' (B. Jonson) ... 1. <physics> Any substance in the gaseous, or aeriform, state, the condition of which is ordinarily that of a liquid or solid. ... The term …

vapor density
The mass per unit volume of a vapor; since the vapor density changes with temperature and pressure, it is commonly expressed as a specific gravity, i.e., the weight of the vapor divided by the weight of an equal volume of a reference gas (e.g., oxygen or hydrogen) at the same temperature and pressure. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

vapor pressure
The partial pressure exerted by the vapor phase of a liquid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

vaporise
1. To convert a solid or liquid into a vapor. ... 2. To apply a vapor therapeutically. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

vaporiser
1. An apparatus for reducing medicated liquids to a state of vapor suitable for inhalation or application to accessible mucous membranes. ... See: nebuliser, atomiser. ... 2. A device for volatizing liquid anaesthetics. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

vaporization
1. The change of a solid or liquid to a state of vapor. ... 2. The therapeutic application of a vapor. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

vaporthorax
The existence of large water vapor bubbles in the pleural space between the lungs and the chest wall in an unprotected person exposed to altitudes above 63,000 ft., where the barometric pressure is less than 47 mm Hg and where water at body temperature vaporises from the liquid state. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

vapotherapy
Treatment of disease by means of vapor or spray. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

VAQTA
A vaccine against hepatitis A made of killed hepatitis a virus to stimulate the body's immune system to produce antibodies against the hepatitis a virus. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Vaquez, Louis
<person> French physician, 1860-1936. ... See: Vaquez' disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Vaquez' disease
Synonym for polycythemia vera ... Overproduction (proliferation) of red blood cells due to bone marrow disease (myeloproferative disorder). Pv tends to evolve into acute leukaemia or a condition with the marrow replaced by scar tissue (myelofibrosis) ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

variability
The state of being variable. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

variable
One of a battery of antigenicdeterminants expressed by a microorganismto elude immune detection. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

variable antigen
<immunology> Term usually applied to the surface antigens of those parasitic or pathogenic organisms that can alter their antigenic character to evade host immune responses. (See antigenic variation). ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

variable deceleration
Transient foetal bradycardia usually denoting compression of the umbilical cord which may occur at any time in relation to a uterine contraction. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

variable gene
Synonym for V region ... <molecular biology> Those regions in the amino acid sequence of both the heavy and the light chains of immunoglobulins where there is considerable sequence variability from one immunoglobulin to other of the same class, in contrast to constant sequence (C) regions. The V regions are associated with the antigen binding …

variable region
Synonym for V region ... <molecular biology> Those regions in the amino acid sequence of both the heavy and the light chains of immunoglobulins where there is considerable sequence variability from one immunoglobulin to other of the same class, in contrast to constant sequence (C) regions. The V regions are associated with the antigen binding …

variable surface glycoprotein
<protein> One of a battery of antigenicdeterminants expressed by a microorganism to elude immune detection. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

variance
1. The state of being variable, different, divergent, or deviate; a degree of deviation. ... 2. A measure of the variation shown by a set of observations, defined as the sum of squares of deviations from the mean, divided by the number of degrees of freedom in the set of observations. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

variance ratio
The distribution of the ratio of two independent estimates of the same variance from a gaussian distribution based on samples of sizes (n + 1) and (m + 1) respectively. Estimates are usually based on one such sample analyzed in such a way as to make them independent e.g., analysis of variance; and F may be used to test a null hypothesis that the ob …

variant angina
A sudden vasoconstriction of a coronary artery depriving the myocardium of blood flow and oxygen. This may clinically manifest as chest pain referred to as variant angina or Printzmetal's angina. May be precipitated by emotional stress, medications, street drugs (cocaine) or on exposure to cold. ... Treatment includes nitroglycerin or beta-blocker m …

variant angina pectoris
Synonym for Prinzmetal's angina ... A form of angina pectoris, characterised by pain that is not precipitated by cardiac work, is of longer duration, is usually more severe, and is associated with unusual electrocardiographic manifestations including elevated ST segments in leads that are ordinarily depressed in typical angina, and usually without r …

variant haemoglobin
A harmless mutant form of Hb. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

variate
A measurable quantity capable of taking on a number of values; may be binary (i.e., capable of taking on two values in a certain interval of values), continuous (i.e., capable of taking on all values in a certain interval of real values), or discrete (i.e., capable of taking on a limited number of values in a certain interval of real values). ... (0 …

variation
In genetics, deviation in characters in an individual from those typical of the group to which it belongs, also, deviation in characters of the offspring from those of its parents. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

variation (genetics)
The phenotypic differences among individuals in a population. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

varication
Formation or presence of varices. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

variceal
Of or pertaining to a varix. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

varicella
Chicken pox. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

varicella encephalitis
Encephalitis occurring as a complication of chickenpox. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

varicella gangrenosa
Gangrenous ulceration of varicella lesions with or without secondary infection, occurring mainly in children with severe underlying disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

varicella vaccination
See Vaccination, chickenpox. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Varicella zoster
<virology> Member of the Alphaherpesvirinae, human herpes simplex virus type 3, causative agent of chickenpox and shingles. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

varicella zoster virus
<virology> The cause of chicken pox in children. Its reactivation in adults causes shingles (see). ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

varicella-zoster virus
A herpesvirus, morphologically identical to herpes simplex virus, that causes varicella (chickenpox) and herpes zoster in man; varicella results from a primary infection with the virus; herpes zoster results from secondary invasion by the same virus or by reactivation of infection which in many instances has been latent for many years. ... Synonym: …

varicella-zoster virus protease
<enzyme> Amino acid sequence given in first source ... Registry number: EC 3.4.21.- ... Synonym: vzv protease, gene 33 product, vzv ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

varicellation
Inoculation with the virus of chickenpox as a means of protection against that disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

varicelliform
Resembling varicella. ... Synonym: varicelloid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...