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HancockJoist - Structural Glossary Category: Architecture and Buildings > JOIST AND STRUCTURAL GLOSSARY Date & country: 12/09/2008, USA Words: 598

W Shapes
A hot rolled shape called a Wide Flange Shape with symbol W which has essentially parallel flange surfaces.

X-Brace
Structural bracing which resembles the letter 'X'. [] [Y]

S Shapes
A hot rolled shape called an American Standard Beam with symbol S.

P-Delta Effect
The secondary effect of column axial loads and lateral deflection on the moments in structural members.

M Shapes
A hot rolled shape called a Miscellaneous Shape with symbol M that cannot be identified as W, HP, or S Shapes.

K-Series Joist
A series of joist adopted in 1986 based on a load/span type of determination.

K-Distance
The distance from the outside fiber of a rolled steel beam to the web toe of the fillet of a rolled shape.

J-Series Joist
A series of joist adopted in 1961 so proportioned that the allowable tension or bending stress does not exceed 22,000 psi and was made from A36 steel.

H-Series Joist
A series of joist adopted in 1961 so proportioned that the allowable tension or bending stress does not exceed 22,000 psi or 30,000 psi depending on whether 36 ksi or 50 ksi yield steel was used.

G-Type Joist Girder
A type of Joist Girder where joists are located at panel points where diagonal webs intersect the top chord only.

C Shapes
A hot rolled shape called an American Standard Channel with symbol C.

Young's Modulus
See Modulus of Elasticity. [] [Z]

Yield Point (Fy)
Is that unit stress at which the stress-strain curve exhibits a definite increase in strain without an increase in stress which is less than the maximum attainable stress.

WT
A hot rolled structural tee shape with symbol WT which is cut or split from W Shapes. [] [X]

WSD (Working Stress Design)
A structural design method whereby a structural element is designed so that the unit stresses computed under the action of working or service loads do not exceed the specified allowable values. See Allowable Stress Design and Elastic Design.

Working Point
The point where two or more centroid lines of structural members intersect.

WRC (Welding Research Council)
This organization conducts cooperative research in welding with interested scientific societies, government departments, and any company using welded products.

Windward
The direction or side toward the wind. Opposite of leeward.

Working Drawings
The complete set of architectural drawings prepared by a registered architect.

Working Load
Also called service load, is the actual load that is acting on the structure.

Wind Load
A force or lateral pressure in pounds per square foot that is applied to a member due to wind blowing in any direction.

Welding Washer
A metal device with a hole through it to allow for plug welding of deck to structural steel.

Wind Column
A vertical member supporting a wall system designed to withstand horizontal wind loads. Usually between two main vertial load carrying columns.

Welding
The process of joining materials together, usually by heating the materials to a suitable temperature.

Weldability
Is the ability of a steel to be welded without its basic mechanical properties being changed.

Welded Splice
A splice between two materials which has the joint made continuous by the process of welding.

Web Crippling
The local failure of a web plate in the region of a concentrated load or reaction.

Web Buckling
The buckling of a web plate.

Web Configuration
The arrangement of the actual web system of a joist or joist girder which can be shown with a profile view of the member.

Web
1) The vertical or diagonal members joined at the top and bottom chords of a joist or joist girder to form triangular patterns or 2) The portion of a structural member between the flanges.

Weak Axis
The cross section which has the minor principal axis.

Weathering Steel
A type of high-strength steel which can be used in normal outdoor environments without being painted. Should not be used in corrosive or marine environments.

Wall Covering
The exterior wall skin consisting of sheets or panels.

Washer
A flat ring of metal with a hole in the middle used to give thickness to a joint or to distribute pressure under the head of a nut or bolt.

Wall Anchor
A small piece of angle or other structural material that is usually bolted to a wall to which a starter joist or bridging angle is welded or bolted to.

Vibration
The oscillating, reciprocating, or other periodic motion of a rigid or elastic body or medium such as a floor when its position or state of equilibrium has been changed. [] [W]

Wall
A vertical or near vertical structure which encloses or separates spaces and may be used to resist horizontal or vertical forces or bending forces.

Varying Distributed Load
A load or force, for practical purposes, that may be considered varying over the surface of the member, for example a snow drift.

VG-Type Joist Girder
A type of Joist Girder where joists are located at panel points where vertical webs intersect the top chord only. This type of girder is used for ducts to pass thru since the joists do not interfere with their passage.

Vapor Barrier
A physical membrane which prevents moisture or water vapor from penetrating to the other side.

Upstanding Leg
The leg of a structural angle which is projecting up from you when viewing. [] [V]

Valley
The angle formed by two sloping sides of a roof.

Value Engineering
The application of the Scientific Method to the study of selecting the optimum or best system that meets the need of the customer.

Uplift Bridging
The bridging required by uplift design. Usually always required at the first bottom chord panel point of a K-Series, LH- or DLH-Series joist and at other locations along the bottom chord as required by design.

Uplift
The wind load on a member which causes a load in the upward direction. The gross uplift is determined from various codes and is generally a horizontal wind pressure multiplied by a factor to establish the uplift pressure. The net uplift is the gross uplift minus the allowable portion of dead load including the weight of the joist and is the load th...

UNO
Abbrevation for 'Unless Noted Otherwise'.

Uniformly Distributed Load
A load or force, for practical purposes, that may be considered constant over the entire length or partial length of the member.

Underslung
Description of a joist which is suspended from upper support points where most of the mass of steel is below the actual support points.

Unbraced Top Chord
The specific length where the top chord of a joist has no lateral bracing by deck, bridging, or any other means.

Undercut
A notch or groove melted into the base metal next to the toe or root of a weld and left unfilled by weld metal.

Unbraced Length
The distance between points of bracing of a structural member, measured between the centers of gravity of the bracing members.

Ultimate Strength Design
See LRFD.

Unbraced Frame
A frame providing resistance to lateral load by the bending resistance of the frame members and their connections.

Ultimate Strength
The maximum stress attained by a structural member prior to rupture which is the ultimate load divided by the orginial cross-sectional area of the member.

Ultimate Load
The force necessary to cause rupture.

UBC (Uniform Building Code)
A minimum model regulatory code for the protection of public health, safety, welfare and property by regulating and controlling the design, construction, quality of materials, use, occupancy, location and maintenance of all buildings and structures within a jurisdiction.

Turnbuckle
A rotating sleeve or link with internal screw threads at each end and used to tighten or connect the ends of a rod.

Turn-of-the-Nut-Method
A method for pre-tensioning high-strength bolts by the rotation of the wrench a predetermined amount after the nut has been tightened to a snug fit. [] [U]

Tube
A hollow structural steel member shaped like a square or rectangle used as a beam, column, or for bracing. Usually the nominal outside corner radius is equal to two times the wall thickness.

Truss
In general, a structural load-carrying member with an open web system designed as a simple span with each member designed to carry a tension or compression force. The entire structure act will act like a beam.

Trimmer Joist
One of the joists supporting a header. The header applies a concentrated load at that point on the trimmer joist.

Tribuitary Width or Area
The design area which contributes load to a structural member. It is one half the distance between members on either side of the member.

Transverse
Crossing from side to side or placed crosswise.

TOS
Abbreviation for 'Top of Steel'.

Toughness
The ability of a steel to absorb large amounts of energy without being readily damaged.

Torsion Loads
A load that causes a member to twist about its longitudinal axis. Simple torsion is produced by a couple or moment in a plane perpendicular to the axis.

Torque Wrench
A wrench containing an adjustable mechanism for measuring and controlling the amount of turning force exerted when used to tighten nuts and bolts.

Top Chord Extension (TCX)
The extended part of a joist top chord only. This type has only the two top chord angles extended past the joist seat. See Overhang.

Top Chord Bearing
The bearing condition of a joist or joist girder that bears on its top chord seat.

Ton
A unit of weight equal to 2000 pounds.

Top Chord
The top member of a joist or joist girder.

Toe of Weld
The junction between the face of a weld and the base metal.

Toe
The outside points of each leg of a structural angle.

Toe of Fillet
1) The end or termination edge of a fillet weld 2)The end or termination edge of a rolled section fillet.

Tilted Joist
A joist which is supported in a manner such that the vertical axes of the joist is not perpendicular with respect to the ground.

Tie Joist
A joist that is bolted at a column.

Tie
A rod, plate, or angle welded between a two angle web member or between a top or bottom chord panel to tie them together usually located at the middle of the member. See Filler or Plug.

Tensile Strength
Or ultimate strength, is the largest unit stress a material can achieve in a tensile test.

Thermal Block
A spacer which has a low thermal conductance.

Thrust
The horizontal component of a reaction or an outward horizontal force.

Tension
A condition caused by the action of stretching or pulling of a component.

Tensile Strength
The longitudinal pulling stress a material can withstand without tearing apart or the maximum tensile stress the material can sustain.

Tee
A hot rolled shape with symbol T and is shaped like a 'T'.

Tempory Structure
Anything which is built which will not become part of the permanent structural system and will eventually be removed before or after the completion of the structure.

Tangent Modulus
The slope of the stress-strain curve of a material in the inelastic range at any given stress level.

Sweep
The curvature of a structural member in the perpendicular transverse direction of its vertical axis. [] [T]

Tagged End (T.E.)
This is the end of a joist or joist girder where an identification or piece mark is shown by a metal tag. The member must be erected with this tagged end in the same position as the tagged end noted on the erection plan.

Sump Pan
A metal deck accessory used at drain locations to close the opening where holes are cut in the metal deck.

Superimposed Load
Usually means a load that is in addition to the dead weight of the bar joists and bridging.

Suction
A partial vacuum due to wind loads on a building which cause a load in the outward direction.

Strut
A structural member used as a brace to resist axial forces.

Stud
A wood or metal vertical wall member to which exterior or interior covering material may be attached. It can be either load bearing or non-load bearing.

Structural Steels
A large number of steels that are suitable for load-carrying members in a variety of structures because of strength, economy, ductility, and other properties. Strength levels are obtained by varying the chemical composition and by heat treatment.

Structure
A mechanism designed and built or constructed of various parts jointed together in some definite manner to carry loads and resist forces.

Stringer
In buildings, a structural member supporting stair steps.

Strong Axis
The cross section which has the major principal axis.

Stress
An internal force that resists a load. It is the intensity of force per unit of area, i.e., psi (pounds per square inch).

Stress Concentration
A localized stress which is considerably higher than average due to sudden changes in loading or sudden changes in geometry.

Strain Hardening
The condition when ductile steel exhibits the capacity to resist additional load than that which caused initial yielding after undergoing deformation at or just above the yield point.

Story
That portion of a building which is between the upper surface of any floor and the upper surface of the floor next above.