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HancockJoist - Structural Glossary Category: Architecture and Buildings > JOIST AND STRUCTURAL GLOSSARY Date & country: 12/09/2008, USA Words: 598

Erector
The person or company that actually does the erecting of the joist or joist girders for a job.

Erection Plan
Floor or roof plans that identify individual marks, components, and accessories furnished by the joist manufactures in a detailed mannner to permit proper erection of the joist and joist girders. See Framing Plan and Placing Plan.

Erection
The process of installing joists, joist girders, beams, bridging, deck, or other structural members in order to construct a structure.

Equivalent Uniform Load
A uniform load (in plf) derived from the maximum reaction (in lbs) or the maximum moment (in inch-lbs) of a member carrying various loads. Formula: Weq= 2 * max. reaction (in lbs) divided by length (in feet) or Weq=(8 * max. moment) divided by (lenght^2 (in feet) * 12)

EOS
Abbreviation for 'Edge of Slab'.

Equations of Equilibrium
The equations relating a state of static equilibrium of a member or structure when the resultant of all forces and moments are equal to zero. Three equations must be fulfilled simultaneously: Sum of the forces in the X-direction must equal zero, sum of the forces in the Y-direction must equal zero, and the sum of the moments about any point must eq...

EOJ
Abbreviation for 'Edge of Joist'.

EOD
Abbreviation for 'Edge of Deck'.

Envelope
A graphical plot indicating the maximum magnitude of an internal force effect such as flexual stess, shear stress, axial stress, torsional stress, etc. due to a series of load combinations.

End Wall
An exterior wall which is perpendicular to the ridge of the building.

End Panel
The distance from the panel point at thejoist seat to the first top chord panel point towards the interior.

End Moment
A moment which is generated at one end or both ends of a joist, joist girder, or beam due to continuous frame action which can be caused by wind, live load, or dead load moment.

End Lap
The lap at the end of a sheet of deck which bears over the primary support (joist or beam).

End Distance
The horizontal distance from the first top chord panel point at the end of a joist to the first bottom chord panel point.

End Diagonal or Web
The first web member on either end of a joist or joist girder which begins at the top chord at the seat and ends at the first bottom chord panel point.

End Bay
The bay which is located from the end of a building to the first interior main frame.

Embedment
A steel member such as a plate, bolt, stud, or bar cast into a concrete structure which is used to transmit applied loads to the concrete.

Electrode
The device through which current is conducted thru to the arc or base metal during the process of welding.

Elastic Design
See Allowable Stress Design and Working Stress Design.

Elastic Analysis
The analysis of a member which assumes that material deformation disappears on removal of the force that produced it and the material returns to its original state.

EJ
Abbrevbation for 'Expansion Joint'.

Effective Width
The transverse distance indicating the amount of slab that acts in conjuction with the supporting member.

Effective Moment of Inertia
The moment of inertia of the cross section of a member that remains elastic when partial plastification takes place. See Moment of Inertia.

Effective Length Factor (K)
The ratio between the effective length and the unbraced length of a member measured between center of gravities of the bracing members. K values are given for several idealized conditions in which joint rotation and translation are realized.

Effective Length
The equivalent length, KL, used in compression formulas. This method estimates the interaction effects of the total frame on a compression member by using K factors to equate the strength of a framed compression member of length L to an equivalent pin-ended member of length KL subject to axial load only.

Effective Depth
The distance from the centroid of the top chord to the centroid of the bottom chord.

Edge Strip
The width or region around the edges of a building where uplift values are higher than in the interior of the roof.

Edge Distance
The distance from the center of a hole to the edge of a connected part.

Edge Angle
1) A structural angle that is connected around the edge of a joist extension or other member 2) An angle used around the sides of a floor to contain the concrete when it is being poured which is also called a Pour Stop.

Eccentricity
The distance between a line of action of force and the centroid of the member it is applied to.

Eave Height
The vertical distance from finished floor to the eave.

Eave Strut
A structural member located at the eave of a building which supports a roof and/or wall panels.

Eccentric
The condition that exists when a load is applied on a line of action that does not pass through the centroid of the body it is applied to.

Eave
The line along the sidewall of a building formed by the intersection of the plane of the roof and the plane of the wall.

Dynamic Load
A load that varies with time which includes repeative loads, seismic loads, and other loads created by rapid movement. [] [E]

Ductility Factor
The ratio of the total deformation at maximum load to the elastic-limit deformation.

Duct
Any tube, pipe or other conduit by which air or fluid is transfered.

Duct Opening
The round or square opening required through the web system of a joist or joist girder to allow passage of a duct.

Ductility
Is the ability of a material to withstand large inelastic deformations without fracture. Structural steel has considerable ductility.

Drift Pin
A tapered pin used during the erection process to align holes in steel members which are to be connected by bolting.

Drift Index
The ratio of the lateral deflection to the height of the building.

Downstanding Leg
The leg of a structural angle which is projecting down from you when viewing.

Drift
The lateral movement or deflection of a structure.

Double Curvature
When end moments on a structural member produce a bending effect which cause the member to form an S shape or has a reversal in curvature.

Diaphragm Action
The resistance to a racking affect or in-plane shear forces offered by roof deck, panels, or other structural members when properly attached to a structural frame.

Diaphragm
Roof panel or decking, metal wall, or floor slab which provides a larger in-plane shear stiffness and strength adequate to transmit horizontal forces to the resisting structural system.

Diagonal Bridging
Two angles or other structural shapes connected from the top chord of one joist to the bottom chord of the next joist to form an 'X' shape whose l/r ratio cannot exceed 200. The bridging members are almost always connected at their point of intersection.

Diagonal Bracing
Structural members which are inclined and are usually carrying axial load which enable a structural frame to behave as a truss to resist horizontal loads.

Design Strength
The resistance provided by a structure, member, or connection to the forces imposed on it.

Design Length
The 'span' of a joist or joist girder in feet minus 0.3333 feet.

Design Loads
The loads specified in the contract drawings or specifications which a building is to be designed for.

Design Documents
The plans, details, sections, specifications, etc. prepared by the building designer.

Depth of Joist
The out-to-out distance from the top of the top chord to the bottom of the bottom chord taken a some reference location, usually at the midspan of the joist or joist girder.

Deflection
The displacement of a structural member or system under load.

Deformation
The act of distorting or changing the shape or dimensions of a structural element or body resulting from forces or stresses.

Deck Type
The specific type of deck to be specified, such as Type 'B' Wide Rib, Type 'F' Intermediate, Type 'N' Deep Rib, Type 'A' Narrow Rib, Composite, Cellular, etc.

Deck
A floor or roof covering made out of gage metal attached by welding or mechanical means to joists, beams, purlins, or other structural members and can be galvanized, painted, or unpainted.

Damping
For floor vibrations, it is the rate of decay of amplitude.

Dead Load
Loads due to the weight of the components making up the structure and that are intended to remain permanently in place.

Curvature
The rotation per unit length of a member due to bending forces.

Cut-List
A list of components with dimensions used for fabrication and accounting purposes. See Bill of Materials. [] [D]

Curb
A raised edge of a concrete floor slab or support for a mechanical unit.

Curtain Wall
A non-load bearing exterior wall which carries only its own weight and wind load.

Critical Load
The load at which deflection of a member or structure occurs as determined by stability analysis.

Crimped Angle Web
A regular angel whose ends have been 'crimped' in the shape of a 'U' whose out-to-out distance is usually one inch. The actual crimped portion of the angle is only a few inches on each end and the end is inserted between top or bottom chord members to be welded.

Cricket
A ridge or drainage diverting roof framing.

Creep
A time-dependent deformation of a structural member under a sustained constant load.

Crane
1) A machine used to move material by means of a hoist. 2) A machine that can usually move and is used to lift heavy materials or to lift members that are to be erected in a structure.

Coverage
The width of a deck sheet, i.e., 30 inches or 36 inches.

Cover Plate
A long plate usually welded to the top or bottom flange of a rolled steel beam or to the bottom chord of a joist or joist girder to increase the load carrying capacity of that member.

Corbel
Successive courses of masonry projecting from the face of a wall to increase its thickness or to form a shelf or ledge for a structural member to bear on.

Coping
The process of removing certain sections of a structural steel member to allow easier fitup to the supporting structural member.

Conventional Framing
Framing using conventional joist, beams, columns, masonry walls, etc. instead of framing used in Metal Building construction.

Contract Drawings
All the architectural, structural, mechanical, electrical, etc. plans that make up a legal set of contract documents to build a building by.

Contract Documents
Contract drawings, specifications, etc., used to build a structure which define the responsibilities of the parties involved.

Contract
A legal document or agreement, enforceable by law, between two or more parties for the doing of something specified, such as the building of a building or furnishing materials.

Continuous Weld
A weld which extends continuously from one end of a joint to the other.

Continuous Span
A span that extends over several supports and having more than two points.

Continuity
The term given to a structural system denoting the transfer of loads and stresses from member to member as if there were no connections.

Connection
A joint connected by welds or bolts used to transmit forces between two or more members. See also Splice.

Concentrated Load
A single load or force that has such a small contact area as to be negligible compared with the entire surface area of the supporting member and applied at a certain point on the structure.

Compression Member
Any member in which the primary stress is longitudinal compression.

Compression
A condition caused by the action of squeezing or shortening of a component.

Composite Beam
A steel beam and a concrete slab connected, usually by shear stud connectors, so that they act together to resist the load on the beam.

Compact Section
A steel section whose flanges must be continuously connected to the webs and the width-thickness ratios of its compression element can not exceed the limiting width-thichness ratios designated in the AISC Manual.

Column Curve
A curve which shows the relationship between axial column strength and slenderness ratio.

Column
Is a main vertical member carrying axial loads, which can be combined with bending and shear, from the main roof beams or girders to the foundation. These structural members carry loads parallel to its longitudinal axis.

Collateral Load
All additional dead loads other than the weight of the building, such as sprinklers, pipes, ceilings, and mechanical or electrical components.

Coefficient of (Linear) Expansion
The change in length, per unit, for a change of one degree of temperature.

Cold-Formed
The process of forming a structural section by bending sheet or strip steel in roll-forming machines without the use of heat.

Closure Strip
A floor deck accessory made of gage metal which is placed over the ends of deck so that concrete cannot run out of the flutes of the deck.

Clip Angle
A structural angle which attaches to the side of a wall, column, beam, etc. where a joist, joist girder, or other structural member bears.

Clevis
A U-shaped yoke with internal threads in one end which can be attached to a threaded rod and the other end a connection with a hole used for a pin or bolt attchment.

Clear Span
The actual clear distance or opening between supports for a structural member, i.e., the distance between walls or the distance between the edges of flanges of beams.

Cladding
The exterior covering of the structural members of a building.

Chord
The two angle top or bottom member of a joist or joist girder, usually with a gap between the angles.

Channel
A hot rolled structural shape the looks like '['. There are American Standard Channels designated by (C) and Miscellaneous Channels designated by (MC).

Change Order
A written document which modifies the plans, specifications, or price of a construction contract.

Centroid
The point in a member at the intersection of two perpendicular axes so located that the moments of the areas on opposite sides of an axis about that axis is zero.

Certified Welder
A welder who has been certified by a competent experienced welding inspector or a recognized testing facility in the field of welding. The welder must be certified to make certain welds under qualified procedures. The welder must be qualified for each position, type weld, electrode, and thickness of base metal that is to be welded in the shop or fi...