Copy of `Dorland's Medical Dictionary`

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Dorland's Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 31/12/2010, USA Words: 39128

antidiarrheal
(an″te-) (an″ti-di″ә-re´әl) counteracting diarrhea. an agent that so acts.

antidiuresis
(an″te-) (an″ti-di″u-re´sis) the suppression of diuresis.

antidiuretic
(an″te-) (an″ti-di″u-ret´ik) causing suppression of diuresis (urine formation). an agent that so acts.

antidiuretic hormone
(ADH) vasopressin.

antidote
(an´tĭ-dōt) an agent that counteracts a poison. adj., antido´tal., adj. chemical antidote one that interacts with a poison and changes its chemical nature to form a harmless substance. mechanical antidote one that prevents absorption of t...

antidromic
(an″te-drom´ik) conducting impulses in a direction opposite to the normal.

antidysenteric
(an″te-) (an″ti-dis″әn-ter´ik) counteracting dysentery. an agent that so acts.

antidyskinetic
(an″te-) (an″ti-dis″kĭ-net´ik) relieving or preventing dyskinesia. an agent that so acts.

antiemetic
(an″te-ә-met´ik) preventing or alleviating nausea and vomiting. an agent that does this; see also antinauseant.

antiepileptic
(an″te-ep″ĭ-lep´tik) combating epilepsy. a remedy for epilepsy.

antiestrogen
(an″te-es´trә-jen) a substance capable of inhibiting the biological effects of estrogens.

antifebrile
(an″te-) (an″ti-feb´ril) antipyretic (def. 1).

antifibrinolysin
(an″te-) (an″ti-fi″brĭ-nol´ĭ-sin) antiplasmin.

antifibrinolytic
(an″te-) (an″ti-fi″brĭ-no-lit´ik) inhibiting fibrinolysis. a substance that does this.

antifibrotic
(an″te-) (an″ti-fi-brot´ik) causing regression of fibrosis. an agent that so acts.

antifilarial
(an″te-) (an″ti-fĭ-lar´e-әl) destructive to filariae. an agent having this effect.

antiflatulent
(an″te-) (an″ti-flat´u-lәnt) relieving or preventing flatulence. an agent that so acts.

antifolate
(an″tĭ-fo´lāt) folic acid antagonist.

antifungal
(an″te-) (an″ti-fung´gәl) destructive to or checking the growth of fungi; called alsoantimycotic. antifungal agent.

antifungal agent
an agent that destroys or checks the growth of fungi, such as AMPHOTERICIN B or FLUCYTOSINE (5-FC). Called also antifungal and antimycotic.

antigalactic
(an″te-) (an″ti-gә-lak´tik) diminishing or stopping lactation. an agent that so acts. Called also lactifuge.

antigen
(an´tĭ-jәn) any substance capable, under appropriate conditions, of inducing a specific immune response and reacting with the products of that response; that is, with specific antibody or specifically sensitized T lymphocytes, or both. Antigens may be soluble substances, such as toxins and foreign proteins, or part...

antigen presentation
the presentation of ingested antigens on the surface of macrophages in close proximity to histocompatibility antigens. Some populations of T lymphocytes can only be triggered by antigens that are presented in this way. Thus macrophages play a role in inducing cell-mediated immunity.

antigen-antibody complex
the complex formed by the noncovalent binding of an antibody and an antigen. Complexes of antibodies belonging to certain immunoglobulin classes may activate complement. Called also immune complex.

antigen-antibody reaction
the reversible binding of antigen to homologous antibody by the formation of weak bonds between antigenic determinants on antigen molecules and antigen binding sites on immunoglobulin molecules.

antigen-binding site
antigen-combining site the region of the antibody molecule that binds to antigens.

antigen-presenting cells
any of several types of cells that form in bone marrow and migrate to other body sites. Their function seems to be the retention of antigens on their surfaces for presentation to the lymphocytes, which induces an immune response.

antigen-reactive cells
T lymphocytes that rapidly proliferate in response to challenge by antigen. antigen-sensitive cells.

antigen-sensitive cells
small lymphocytes that when exposed to antigen can differentiate into antibody-producing cells. Called also antigen-reactive cells.

antigenemia
(an″tĭ-jә-ne´me-ә) the presence of antigen, such as hepatitis B surface antigen, in the blood.

antigenic shift
a sudden, major change in the antigenicity of a virus, seen especially in influenza viruses, resulting from the recombination of the genomes of two different strains; it is associated with pandemics because hosts do not have immunity to the new strain. See also antigenic drift.

antigenicity
(an″tĭ-jә-nis´ĭ-te) the property of being able to induce a specific immune response or the degree to which a substance is able to stimulate an immune response; called also immunogenicity.

antiglaucoma
(an″te-) (an″ti-glaw-ko´mә) (an″te-) ( an″ti -glou-ko´mә) preventing or alleviating glaucoma.

antiglobulin
(an´tĭ-glob″u-lin) an antibody directed against gamma globulin.

antiglobulin consumption test
a test for serum antibodies against cellular antigens. Cells are incubated with the serum sample and then with antiglobulin; any serum antibody that binds to the cells will take up antiglobulin. The amount of antiglobulin consumed is determined by testing the supernatant with antibody-coated red cells; the amount of agglu...

antiglobulin test
(AGT) Coombs test.

antigravity muscles
those muscles, mainly extensors of the knees, hips, and back, that by their tone resist the constant pull of gravity in the maintenance of normal posture.

antigravity reflexes
reflexes that keep the antigravity muscles in extension to hold the body upright.

antihelix
(an″te-he´liks) the semicircular ridge on the ear anterior and parallel to the helix; called also anthelix.

antihelmintic
(an″te-) (an″ti-hel-min´tik) anthelmintic.

antihemophilic
(an″te-) (an″ti-he″mo-fil´ik) effective against the bleeding tendency in hemophilia. an agent that has this effect.

antihemophilic factor
(AHF) factor VIII. a preparation of factor VIII administered intravenously for the prevention or treatment of hemorrhage in patients with hemophilia A and the treatment of von Willebrand disease, hypofibrinogenemia, and factor XIII deficiency.

antihemophilic factor A
factor VIII.

antihemophilic factor B
factor IX.

antihemophilic factor C
factor XI.

antihemophilic globulin
(AHG) factor VIII.

antihemorrhagic
(an″te-) (an″ti-hem″o-raj´ik) preventing or stopping hemorrhage. an agent that so acts.

antihemorrhagic factor
vitamin K.

antihistamine
(an″te-) (an″ti-his´tә-mēn) a drug that counteracts the effects of histamine, a normal body chemical that among its actions is believed to cause the symptoms of persons who are hypersensitive to various allergens. While the term antihistamine can broadly include any agent that blo...

antihistaminic
(an″te-) (an″ti-his-tә-min´ik) counteracting the effects of histamine. antihistamine.

antihormone
(an″te-) (an″ti-hor´mōn) a substance that counteracts a hormone.

antihuman globulin test
direct Coombs test.

antihypercholesterolemic
(an″te-) (an″ti-hi″pәr-kә-les″tәr-ol-e´mik) effective against elevated serum cholesterol levels. an agent with this effect.

antihyperglycemic
(an″te-) (an″ti-hi″pәr-gli-se´mik) counteracting high levels of glucose in the blood. antihyperglycemic agent.

antihyperglycemic agent
an agent that counteracts high levels of glucose in the blood. See also hypoglycemic AGENT.

antihyperkalemic
(an″te-) (an″ti-hi″pәr-kә-le´mik) effective in decreasing or preventing hyperkalemia. an agent with this effect.

antihyperlipidemic
(an″te-) (an″ti-hi″pәr-lip″ĭ-de´mik) promoting a reduction of lipid levels in the blood. an agent that promotes a reduction of lipid levels in the blood.

antihyperlipoproteinemic
(an″te-) (an″ti-hi″pәr-lip″o-pro″tēn-e´mik) promoting a reduction of lipoprotein levels in the blood. an agent that promotes a reduction of lipoprotein levels in the blood.

antihypertensive
(an″te-) (an″ti-hi″pәr-ten´siv) effective against hypertension. antihypertensive agent.

antihypertensive agent
an agent that reduces high blood pressure; there are many different types of drugs that do this. Diuretics inhibit the reabsorption of sodium in the renal tubules, causing an increase in urinary excretion of sodium and a decrease in plasma volume and extracellular fluid volume. Drugs that act on adrenergic control of blood pres...

antihypoglycemic
(an″te-) (an″ti-hi″po-gli-se´mik) counteracting hypoglycemia. an agent that so acts.

antihypotensive
(an″te-) (an″ti-hi″po-ten´siv) counteracting low blood pressure. an agent that counteracts low blood pressure.

antiinfective
(an″te-in-fek´tiv) capable of killing or blocking activity of infectious agents. a substance that does this; see also antimicrobial agent.

antiinflammatory
(an″te-in-flam´ә-tor″e) counteracting or suppressing inflammation. an agent that so acts.

antiketogenesis
(an″te-) (an″ti-ke″to-jen´ә-sis) inhibition of the formation of ketone bodies.

antiketogenic
(an″te-) (an″ti-ke″to-jen´ik) preventing or suppressing the development of ketones (ketone bodies) and thus preventing development of ketosis.

antilewisite
(an″tĭ-loo´ĭ-sīt) dimercaprol.

antilipemic
(an″te-) (an″ti-lĭ-pe´mik) antilipidemic (an″tĭ-lip″ĭ-de´mik) antihyperlipidemic.

antilithic
(an″te-) (an″ti-lith´ik) preventing calculus formation. an agent that so acts.

antilymphocyte globulin
(ALG) the gamma globulin fraction of antilymphocyte serum; used as an immunosuppressant in organ transplantation. The term is sometimes used interchangeably with antithymocyte globulin.

antilymphocyte serum
(ALS) antiserum derived from animals that have been immunized against human lymphocytes, a powerful nonspecific immunosuppressive agent that causes destruction of circulating lymphocytes.

antimalarial
(an″te-) (an″ti-mә-lar´e-әl) therapeutically effective against malaria. antimalarial agent.

antimalarial agent
an antiprotozoal AGENT particularly effective against the MALARIA parasite.

antimere
(an´tĭ-mēr) one of the segme

antimetabolite
(an″te-) (an″ti-mә-tab´o-līt) a substance bearing a close structural resemblance to one required for normal physiological functioning, and exerting its effect by interfering with the body's use of the essential metabolite. a class of antineoplastic agents consisting ...

antimethemoglobinemic
(an″te-) (an″ti-met-he″mo-glo″bĭ-ne´mik) promoting reduction of methemoglobin levels in the blood. an agent that has this effect.

antimetropia
(an″te-) (an″ti-mә-tro´pe-ә) difference in the refractive error of the two eyes, such as hyperopia in one eye with myopia in the other.

antimicrobial
(an″te-) (an″ti-mi-kro´be-әl) killing microorganisms, or suppressing their multiplication or growth. antimicrobial agent.

antimicrobial agent
an agent that kills microorganisms or suppresses their multiplication or growth. These agents are classified according to the manner in which they act on microorganisms. One group interferes with synthesis of the cell wall and causes it to rupture. A second group interferes with synthesis of DNA and RNA so that microorgan...

antimicrobial sensitivity test
antimicrobial susceptibility test any of numerous tests of how susceptible bacteria are to antimicrobial agents; the bacteria are classified as either sensitive or susceptible, indeterminate or intermediate, or resistant. Called also antibiotic sensitivity or antibiotic susceptibility test.

antimitochondrial antibodies
circulating antibodies directed against inner mitochondrial antigens seen in almost all patients with primary biliary cirrhosis.

antimongolism
(an″tĭ-mon´go-liz-әm) a term applied to syndromes associated with certain chromosomal abnormalities, in which some of the clinical signs, such as downward-slanting palpebral fissures, are the opposite of those seen in Down syndrome.

antimongoloid
(an″tĭ-mon´go-loid) opposite to that characteristic of Down syndrome (formerly called mongolism), such as an antimongoloid slant of the palpebral fissures.

antimony
(Sb) (an´tĭ-mo″ne) a metallic chemical element, atomic number 51, atomic weight 121.75. Several of its salts are used in tropical medicine as treatments for schistosomiasis. They must be used with caution because they can be poisonous and cause symptoms similar to those of arsenic poiso...

antimony poisoning
poisoning due to ingestion of antimony compounds, such as from industrial exposure; the symptoms are similar to those of acute arsenic poisoning, with vomiting a prominent symptom. Called also stibialism.

antimuscarinic
(an″te-) (an″ti-mus´kә-rin´ik) acting against the toxic effects of muscarine. blocking the muscarinic receptors. an agent that does these things.

antimyasthenic
(an″te-) (an″ti-mi″әs-then´ik) counteracting or relieving muscular weakness in myasthenia gravis. an agent that so acts.

antimycotic
(an″ti-mi-kot´ik) antifungal (def. 1). antifungal agent.

antinarcotic
(an″ti-nahr-kot´ik) relieving narcotic depression.

antinauseant
(an″te-) (an″ti-naw´ze-әnt) counteracting nausea. an agent that so acts; see also antiemetic.

antineoplastic
(an″te-) (an″ti-ne″o-plas´tik) inhibiting the maturation and proliferation of malignant cells. antineoplastic agent.

antineoplastic agent
a compound that inhibits the maturation or proliferation of neoplastic cells. See also ANTINEOPLASTIC THERAPY.

antineoplastic therapy
a regimen that includes chemotherapy aimed at destruction of malignant cells; some cancers are particularly responsive to chemotherapy.

antinion
(an-tin´e-on) the frontal pole of the head.

antinociceptive
(an″te-) (an″ti-no″sĭ-sep´tiv) blocking or reducing sensitivity to painful stimuli; see also analgesic.

antinuclear
(an″te-) (an″ti-noo´kle-әr) destructive to or reactive with components of the cell nucleus, such as an antinuclear antibody.

antinuclear antibodies
(ANA) autoantibodies directed against components of the cell nucleus, such as DNA, RNA, and histones; they may be detected by immunofluorescence. A positive ANA test is characteristic of systemic lupus erythematosus. These antibodies are also seen in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, Sjögren syndrome, and scleroderma.

antinuclear factor
(ANF) antinuclear antibody.

antioncogene
(an″te-ong´ko-jēn″) tumor suppressor gene.

antiovulatory
(an″te-ov´u-lә-tor″e) suppressing ovulation.