Copy of `Dorland's Medical Dictionary`

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Dorland's Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 31/12/2010, USA Words: 39128

antioxidant
(an″te-ok´sĭ-dәnt) preventing or delaying oxidation. a substance that does this, such as any of numerous synthetic or natural substances added to something to prevent or delay its deterioration by action of oxygen in the air. Rubber, paints, vegetable oils, and prepared foods commonly cont...

antiparallel
(an″te-) (an″ti-par´ә-lel) denoting molecules that are arranged side by side, but in opposite directions. For example, the strands of deoxyribonucleic acid are antiparallel, with their 5′ to 3′ linkages running in opposite directions.

antiparasitic
(an″te-) (an″ti-par″ә-sit´ik) destroying parasites. an agent that so acts.

antiparkinsonian
(an″te-) (an″ti-pahr″kin-so´ne-әn) effective against parkinsonism. an agent that has this property.

antiparticle
(an´tĭ-pahr″tĭ-kәl) either of a pair of elementary particles that have electric charges and magnetic moments of opposite sign and are the same in all other properties, such as mass, lifetime, and spin; an example is the electron and the positron. Every particle has an antiparticle. When antiparticl...

antiperistalsis
(an″te-) (an″ti-per″ĭ-stawl´sis) upward waves of contraction sometimes occurring normally in the lower ileum, competing with the normal downward peristalsis and retarding passage of intestinal contents into the cecum. adj., antiperistal´tic., adj.

antiperistaltic
(an″te-) (an″ti-per´ĭ-stawl´tik) opposing the force of peristalsis. an agent with this effect. pertaining to antiperistalsis.

antiperspirant
(an″te-) (an″ti-pur´spәr-ant) suppressing sweating. an agent that so acts.

antiphospholipid syndrome
antiphospholipid antibody syndrome(APS) a multisystem inflammatory disorder characterized by the presence of circulating antibodies against phospholipids, with thrombosis (including thrombotic microangiopathy), spontaneous abortion, thrombocytopenia, valvular heart disease, and other less frequent symptoms. A seve...

antiplasmin
(an″te-) (an″ti-plaz´min) a substance in the blood that inhibits plasmin. The most important is α2-antiplasmin, which acts by forming stable complexes with free plasmin. It is also crosslinked to fibrin by coagulation factor XIII and inhibits the binding of plasminogen to fibrin. Inheri...

antiplastic
(an″te-) (an″ti-plas´tik) unfavorable to healing.

antiplatelet
(an″te-) (an″ti-plāt´lәt) directed against or destructive to blood platelets; called also antithrombocytic. See also platelet inhibitor. antiplatelet agent.

antiplatelet agent
an agent that prevents the aggregation of platelets.

antiplatelet therapy
the use of platelet inhibitors such as aspirin, dipyridamole, or sulfinpyrazone, to inhibit platelet adhesion or aggregation and so prevent thrombosis, alter the course of atherosclerosis, or prolong vascular graft patency.

antipolycythemic
(an″te-) (an″ti-pol″e-si-the´mik) effective against polycythemia. an agent with this property.

antiport
(an´tĭ-port) a cell membranetransport mechanism that transports two molecules at once through the membrane in opposite directions. See also countertransport and symport. Antiport: sodium-calcium exchanger. The difference in electrical charged caused by differing concentrations of so...

antiprogestin
(an″te-) (an″ti-pro-jes´tin) a substance that inhibits the formation, transport, or action of progestational agents; the most common example is mifepristone.

antiprothrombin
(an″te-) (an″ti-pro-throm´bin) directed against prothrombin. a substance that retards the conversion of prothrombin into thrombin.

antiprotozoal
(an″te-) (an″ti-pro-tә-zo´әl) destroying protozoa or checking their growth or reproduction. antiprotozoal agent.

antiprotozoal agent
an agent that destroys PROTOZOA or checks their growth or reproduction. Antimalarial AGENTS are one type.

antipruritic
(an″te-) (an″ti-proo-rit´ik) preventing or relieving itching. an agent that so acts.

antipsoriatic
(an″te-) (an″ti-sor″e-at´ik) effective against psoriasis. an agent with that effect.

antipsychotic
(an″te-) (an″ti-si-kot´ik) modifying psychotic behavior. antipsychotic agent.

antipsychotic agent
any drug that favorably modifies psychotic symptoms; categories include the phenothiazines, butyrophenones, thioxanthenes, dibenzodiazepines, diphenylbutylpiperidines, dihydroindolones, and dibenzoxazepines.

antipyretic
(an″te-) (an″ti-pi-ret´ik) effective against fever; called also antifebrile. something that has this effect, such as a cold pack, aspirin, or quinine; antipyretic drugs dilate the blood vessels near the surface of the skin, thereby allowing more blood to flow through the skin, ...

antipyrine
(an″te-pi´rēn) a compound formerly used as an analgesic and antipyretic, now replaced by safer and more effective agents. Its current uses are as a component of multi-ingredient ear drop solutions and complexed with chloral hydrate in dichloralphenazone, a sedative and hypnotic used for headaches. Called also...

antipyrotic
(an″te-) (an″ti-pi-rot´ik) therapeutically effective against burns. an agent with this effect.

antirabies serum
antiserum obtained from the blood serum or plasma of animals immunized with rabies vaccine; used for postexposure prophylaxis against rabies if rabies immune globulin is unavailable.

antirachitic
(an″te-) (an″ti-rә-kit´ik) therapeutically effective against rickets.

antireceptor antibodies
autoantibodies against cell-surface receptors, such as those directed against β2-adrenergic receptors in some patients with allergic disorders.

antiretroviral
(an″te-) (an″ti-ret´ro-vi″rәl) effective against retroviruses. an agent with this quality.

antirheumatic
(an″te-) (an″ti-roo-mat´ik) counteracting rheumatism and rheumatoid disease. an agent that so acts.

antirickettsial
(an″te-) (an″ti-rĭ-ket´se-әl) effective against rickettsiae. an agent with this property.

antischistosomal
(an″te-) (an″ti-shis″to-so´mәl) suppressing or killing schistosomes. an agent that so acts.

antiscorbutic
(an″te-) (an″ti-skor-bu´tik) preventing or relieving scurvy. an agent that so acts.

antisecretory
(an″te-) (an″ti-sә-kre´to-re) inhibiting or diminishing secretions; particularly in the stomach. Called also secretoinhibitory. an agent that so acts.

antisense
(an″te-) (an´ti-sens) pertaining to the antisense strand of a nucleic acid. Antisense strand of DNA, complementary to the sense (coding) strand and serving as a template for RNA synthesis.

antisepsis
(an″tĭ-sep´sis) the prevention of sepsis. any procedure that reduces to a significant degree the microbial flora of skin or mucous membranes. See also antiseptic.

antiseptic
(an″tĭ-sep´tik) pertaining to antisepsis. anything that inhibits growth of microorganisms; this is contrasted to a germicide, which kills them outright. The category antiseptics is also not considered to include antibiotics, which are usually taken internally, although it does include disinfectants, s...

antiserum
(an″tĭ-se´rәm) a serum containing antibodies, such as one obtained from an animal that has been subjected to the action of antigen either by injection into the tissues or blood or by infection. See also immunity and immunization. Called also immune serum. a reagent source of antibody, ofte...

antisialagogue
(an″te-) (an″ti-si-al´ә-gog) an agent that inhibits the flow of saliva.

antisocial
(an″te-) (an″ti-so´shәl) denoting behavior that violates the rights of others, societal mores, or the law. denoting the specific personality traits seen in antisocial personality disorder.

antisocial personality disorder
a personality disorder characterized by indifference to the rights and needs of others; the behavior begins before the age of 15 and in childhood may include things like truancy, delinquency, theft, and vandalism. Adults with the disorder show emotional instability, unwillingness to take responsibility, and an apparent la...

antispasmodic
(an″te-) (an″ti-spaz-mod´ik) preventing or relieving spasms. an agent that does this; called also spasmolytic.

antispastic
(an″te-) (an″ti-spas´tik) antispasmodic with specific reference to skeletal muscle.

antisperm antibody
any of various surface-bound antibodies found on sperm after infection, trauma to the testes, or vasectomy; they interfere with the fertilization process or result in nonviable zygotes.

antistreptococcal
(an″te-) (an″ti-strep″to-kok´әl) counteracting streptococcal infection. an agent that so acts.

antitachycardia pacemaker
an implanted pacemaker that stops tachycardia a pacing stimulus or stimuli; it may require arrhythmia detection and device activation by the patient or may detect arrhythmias and deliver stimuli automatically.

antithenar
(an″te-the´nar) placed opposite to the palm or sole.

antithrombin
(an″te-throm´bin) any naturally occurring or therapeutically administered substance that neutralizes the action of thrombin and thus limits or restricts blood coagulation. antithrombin I fibrin, referring to the capacity of fibrin to adsorb thrombin and thus neutralize it. ...

antithrombocytic
(an″te-) (an″ti-throm″bo-sit´ik) antiplatelet.

antithromboplastin
(an″te-) (an″ti-throm″bo-plas´tin) any agent or substance that prevents or interferes with the interaction of blood coagulation factors as they generate thromboplastin.

antithrombotic
(an″te-) (an″ti-throm-bot´ik) preventing or interfering with the formation of thrombi. an agent that has this effect, such as heparin or coumarin. See also anticoagulant and thrombolytic.

antithymocyte globulin
(ATG) the gamma globulin fraction of antiserum derived from animals (such as rabbits) that have been immunized against human thymocytes; an immunosuppressive agent that causes specific destruction of T lymphocytes, used in treatment of allograft rejection. The term is sometimes used interchangeably with antilympho...

antithyroglobulin antibodies
those directed against thyroglobulin, demonstrable in about one-third of patients with thyroiditis, Graves disease, and thyroid carcinoma.

antithyroid
(an″te-thi´roid) suppressing or inhibiting thyroid activity.

antitragicus muscle
origin, outer part of antitragus; insertion, caudate process of helix and anthelix; innervation, temporal and posterior auricular nerves.

antitragus
(an″te-tra´gәs) a projection on the ear opposite the tragus.

antitrichomonal
(an″te-) (an″ti-trik″o-mo´nәl) killing or suppressing Trichomonas. an antiprotozoal agent that does this.

antitrope
(an´tĭ-trōp) one of two structures that are similar but oppositely oriented, like the right and the left hand.

antitrypanosomal
(an″te-) (an″ti-trĭ-pan″ә-so´mәl) killing or suppressing trypanosomes. an agent that so acts.

antitubercular
(an″te-) (an″ti-too-bur´ku-lәr) therapeutically effective against tuberculosis. an agent with this characteristic.

antitussive
(an″te-) (an″ti-tus´iv) relieving or preventing cough. an agent that so acts.

antiulcerative
(an″te-ul´sә-ra″tiv) (an″te-ul´sәr-ә-tiv) preventing the formation or promoting the healing of ulcers. an agent that has these effects.

antiurolithic
(an″te-u″ro-lith´ik) preventing formation of urinary calculi. an agent that so acts.

antivenin
(an″te-) (an″ti-ven´in) an antitoxin for neutralizing the venom of a poisonous animal, often composed of concentrated purified antibodies from the serum of an immunized animal, such as a horse.

antivenin (Crotalidae) polyvalent
a serum containing specific venom-neutralizing globulins, produced by immunizing horses with venoms of the fer-de-lance and the western, eastern, and tropical rattlesnakes, used for treatment of envenomation by most pit vipers throughout the world.

antivenin (Latrodectus mactans)
a serum containing specific venom-neutralizing globulins, prepared by immunizing horses against venom of the black widow spider (L. mactans).

antivenin (Micrurus fulvius)
a serum containing specific venom-neutralizing globulins, produced by immunization of horses with venom of the eastern coral snake (M. fulvius).

Antivert
(an´tĭ-vert″) trademark for preparations of meclizine hydrochloride, an antiemetic and antivertigo agent.

antiviral
(an″te-) (an″ti-vi´rәl) destroying viruses or suppressing their replication. an agent that so acts.

antivitamin
(an″te-) (an″ti-vi´tә-min) a substance that inactivates or inhibits synthesis of a vitamin.

Anton syndrome
(ahn´ton) Anton-Babinski syndrome (ahn´ton bә-bin´ske) a form of anosognosia in which the patient denies, and often is unaware of, the existence of clinically demonstrable blindness and may resort to confabulation to hide it; it may be the result of denial or of bilateral infarctions of the occipit...

antrectomy
(an-trek´tә-me) surgical excision of an antrum.

antritis
(an-tri´tis) inflammation of an antrum, usually referring to the pyloric antrum. maxillary sinusitis.

antroatticotomy
(an″tro-at″ĭ-kot´ә-me) atticoantrotomy.

antrocele
(an´tro-sēl) accumulation of fluid in the maxillary antrum (sinus).

antronasal
(an″tro-na´zәl) pertaining to the maxillary antrum (sinus) and nasal fossa.

antroscope
(an´trә-skōp″) an instrument for inspecting the maxillary antrum (sinus).

antrostomy
(an-tros´tә-me) incision of an antrum with drainage.

antrotomy
(an-trot´ә-me) incision of an antrum.

antrum
(an´trәm) pl. an´tra, antrums Latin word meaning cavity or chamber. adj., an´tral., adj.

antrum of Highmore
maxillary sinus.

antrum pyloricum
(an´trәm pi-lor´ĭ-kәm) pyloric antrum.

Anturane
(an´choo-rān) trademark for a preparation of sulfinpyrazone, a uricosuric agent used in the management of gout.

anuclear
(a-noo´kle-әr) having no nucleus.

anulus
(an´u-lәs) pl. a´nuli Latin word meaning a small ring or encircling structure; also spelled annulus. anulus fibrosus fibrous ring of heart; any of four dense fibrous rings, one of which surrounds each of the major cardiac orifices. fibrous ring of intervertebral disk...

anuresis
(an″u-re´sis) urinary retention. anuria. adj., anuret´ic., adj.

anuria
(an-u´re-ә) complete suppression of urine formation by the kidney. adj., anu´ric., adj. complete suppression of urine formation and excretion, as in acute renal failure. Called also anuresis. adj., anu´ric., adj.

anus
(a´nәs) pl. a´ni the opening of the rectum on the body surface. imperforate anus congenital absence of the normal opening of the rectum. Called also anal atresia and atresia ani.

anvil
(an´vil) incus.

anxiety
(ang-zi´ә-te) a multifaceted emotional state involving feelings of uneasiness, dread, or fear about the future. Besides the subjective emotion, there are often physical symptoms resulting from muscular tension and autonomic nervous system activity, which may include sweating, dizziness, shortness of breath, insomn...

anxiety disorders
a group of mental disorders in which anxiety either is the most prominent disturbance or is experienced if the patient attempts to control the symptoms. Everyone occasionally experiences anxiety as a normal response to a dangerous or unusual situation. In an anxiety disorder, the person feels the same emotion without any ...

anxiety reaction
a reaction characterized by abnormal apprehension or uneasiness; see also anxiety disorders.

anxiety state
the condition of experiencing undue anxiety, as in anxiety disorders.

anxiety syndrome
the physical symptoms accompanying anxiety, such as palpitation of the heart, rapid and shallow respiration, sweating, pallor, and a feeling of panic.

anxiolytic
(ang″ze-o-lit´ik) antianxiety. antianxiety agent.

AOMA
American Occupational Medical Association.

AOO pacemaker
atrial asynchronous pacemaker.

aorta
(a-or´tә) pl. aor´tae, aortas the great artery arising from the left ventricle, being the main trunk from which the systemic arterial system proceeds. It arises from the left ventricle of the heart, passes upward (ascending aorta), bends over (aortic arch), and then proceeds downward (descending aorta); the latter ...