Copy of `Dorland's Medical Dictionary`

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Dorland's Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 31/12/2010, USA Words: 39128

Amato bodies
Döhle bodies.

amaurosis
(am″aw-ro´sis) loss of sight without apparent lesion of the eye, as from disease of the optic nerve, spine, or brain. amaurosis congenita , amaurosis congenita of Leber , congenital amaurosis hereditary blindness occurring at or shortly after birth,...

amaurotic
(am″aw-rot´ik) pertaining to, or of the nature of, amaurosis.

amaurotic familial idiocy
former name for neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis.

amaurotic nystagmus
nystagmus in the blind or in those with defects of central vision.

ambenonium
(am″bә-no´ne-әm) a cholinesterase inhibitor used to increase muscular strength in patients with myasthenia gravis.

ambidextrous
(am″bĭ-dek´strәs) able to use either hand with equal dexterity.

ambilateral
(am″bĭ-lat´әr-әl) pertaining to or affecting both sides.

ambilevous
(am″bĭ-le´vәs) unable to use both hands with equal dexterity.

ambisexual
(am″bĭ-sek´shoo-әl) bisexual. pertaining to or characterized by hermaphroditism. denoting sexual characteristics common to both sexes, such as pubic hair.

ambivalence
(am-biv´ә-lәns) simultaneous existence of conflicting emotions, attitudes, ideas, or wishes toward a goal, object, or person. adj., ambiv´alent., adj.

amblyaphia
(am-ble-a´fe-ә) dullness of the sense of touch.

amblygeustia
(am″ble-goo´ste-ә) hypogeusia.

Amblyomma
(am″ble-om´ә) a genus of ticks, comprising approximately 100 species, which are vectors of various disease-producing organisms. A. america´num is the Lone Star tick of the southern United States and A. cajennen´se is the Cayenne tick of tropical America; both are vectors of Rocky Mountain spotted fever and tick pa...

amblyopia
(am″ble-o´pe-ә) impairment of vision not due to organic defect or refractive errors. adj., amblyop´ic., adj. color amblyopia impairment of color vision due to toxic or other influences. nutritional amblyopia central or centrocecal scoto...

amblyopic nystagmus
nystagmus due to any lesion interfering with central vision.

amblyoscope
(am´ble-o-skōp″) an instrument for measuring binocular vision or for training an amblyopic eye to take part in vision.

ambon
(am´bon) the fibrocartilaginous edge of the socket in which the head of a long bone is lodged.

ambulant
(am´bu-lәnt) ambulatory.

ambulatory
(am´bu-lә-tor″e) walking or able to walk; not confined to bed. of a condition or procedure, not requiring admission to a hospital for an overnight stay.

ambulatory anesthesia
anesthesia performed on an outpatient basis for ambulatory surgery.

ambulatory care
health services or acute care services that are provided on an outpatient basis.

ambulatory surgery
any operative procedure not requiring an overnight stay in the hospital; it must be carefully planned to ensure that all necessary diagnostic tests are completed prior to admission. Discharge instructions must place a high priority on patient safety. Called also day surgery.

amcinonide
(am-sin´ә-nīd″) a synthetic corticosteroid used for topical application in treatment of dermatoses.

amdinocillin
(am-de´no-sil″in) a semisynthetic penicillin effective against many gram-negative bacteria and used in the treatment of urinary tract infections.

ameba
(ә-me´bә) pl. ame´bae, amebas a minute, one-celled protozoan. The common laboratory example is Amoeba proteus. The usual cause of human amebic infection is Entamoeba histolytica.

amebiasis
(am″e-bi´ә-sis) infection with amebae, especially Entamoeba histolytica. amebiasis cutis cutaneous manifestation of amebiasis, usually in the form of painful ulcers or verrucous plaques, principally seen in patients with active intestinal or hepatic disease. It is gen...

amebic
(ә-me´bik) pertaining to or of the nature of an ameba.

amebic abscess
an abscess cavity of the liver resulting from liquefaction necrosis due to entrance of Entamoeba histolytica into the portal circulation in amebiasis; amebic abscesses may also affect the lungs, brain, and spleen.

amebic dysentery
a form of dysentery caused by Entamoeba histolytica and spread by contaminated food, water, or flies; this was formerly thought to be a purely tropical disease, but it has now been found throughout the United States. It is usually less acute and virulent than bacillary dysentery, but it often becomes chronic. Symptoms are diarr...

amebic hepatitis
invasion of the liver substance by actively feeding Entamoeba histolytica, which soon leads to an amebic abscess.

amebic keratitis
that caused by amebic infections; the most common kind is Acanthamoeba keratitis, but other amebae such as Hartmannella have occasionally been implicated.

amebic pericarditis
pericarditis occurring as a result of rupture of an amebic abscess of the liver through the diaphragm.

amebic pneumonia
pneumonia resulting from amebic abscesses in the lung caused by Entamoeba histolytica.

amebic ulcer
the ulcerous lesion of amebiasis cutis.

amebicide
(ә-me´bĭ-sīd) an agent that kills amebae; see also antiamebic. adj., amebici´dal., adj.

ameboid
(ә-me´boid) resembling an ameba.

ameboid cell
a cell that shows ameboid movement.

ameboid movement
movement like that of an ameba, accomplished by protrusion of cytoplasm of the cell.

ameboma
(am″e-bo´mә) a tumorlike mass caused by granulomatous reaction in the intestines in amebiasis.

amelanosis
(ә-mel″ә-no´sis) complete lack of melanin in the tissues, a form of hypopigmentation.

amelanotic melanoma
an unpigmented malignant melanoma.

amelia
(ә-me´le-ә) a developmental anomaly consisting of absence of one or more limbs.

amelification
(ә-mel″ĭ-fĭ-ka´shәn) the development of ameloblasts into enamel.

ameloblast
(am´ә-lo-blast″) a cell that takes part in forming dental enamel.

ameloblastic adenomatoid tumor
adenomatoid odontogenic tumor.

ameloblastic carcinoma
a type of ameloblastoma in which there has been malignant epithelial transformation, with metastases usually resembling squamous cell carcinoma.

ameloblastic fibroma
a type of odontogenic tumor of the jaw, marked by simultaneous proliferation of both epithelial and mesenchymal tissue, without formation of enamel or dentin.

ameloblastic hemangioma
hemangioameloblastoma.

ameloblastic layer
the inner layer of cells of the enamel organ, which forms the enamel prisms of the teeth.

ameloblastic sarcoma
ameloblastic fibrosarcoma.

ameloblastoma
(am″ә-lo-blas-to´mә) a usually benign but locally invasive odontogenic tumor of tissue of the type characteristic of the enamel organ, but which does not differentiate to the point of enamel formation. melanotic ameloblastoma melanotic neuroectodermal tumor. ...

amelodentinal
(am″ә-lo-den´tĭ-nәl) pertaining to dental enamel and dentin.

amelogenesis
(am″ә-lo-jen´ә-sis) formation of dental enamel. amelogenesis imperfecta a hereditary disease in which there is imperfect formation of enamel, resulting in brownish coloration and friability of the teeth.

amelogenic
(am″ә-lo-jen´ik) forming enamel.

amelus
(am´ә-lәs) an individual exhibiting amelia.

amenorrhea
(ә-men″o-re´ә) absence of the menses. adj., amenorrhe´al., adj.

amensalism
(a-men´sәl-iz-әm) interaction between coexisting populations of different species, one of which is adversely affected and the other unaffected.

amentia
(ә-men´shә) former term for profound mental retardation.

American Joint Committee on Cancer
(AJCC) a nonprofit organization that creates and publishes systems of classification for cancer staging, such as the tnm staging system and Collaborative Stage Data collection systems.

American Law Institute Formulation
a section of the American Law Institute Model Penal Code: “A person is not responsible for criminal conduct if at the time of such conduct as a result of mental disease or defect he lacks substantial capacity either to appreciate the criminality [wrongfulness] of his conduct or to conform his conduct to the requirem...

American leishmaniasis
forms of cutaneous leishmaniasis and visceral leishmaniasis found in the Americas.

American Type Culture Collection
(ATCC) an organization in Rockville, Maryland, established as a depository for reference cultures. It maintains and distributes authentic reference strains of algae, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, bacteriophages, and viruses, as well as cell lines of animal tissues.

americium
(Am) (am″әr-is´e-әm) a radioactive chemical element, atomic number 95, atomic weight 243.

Ames test
(āmz) a test for mutagenic substances, in which a strain of Salmonella typhimurium that lacks the enzyme necessary for histidine synthesis is cultured in the absence of histidine and in the presence of the suspected mutagen. If the substance causes DNA damage resulting in mutations, some of the bacteria will regain...

ametria
(a-me´tre-ә) congenital absence of the uterus.

ametropia
(am″ә-tro´pe-ә) an ocular disorder in which parallel rays fail to come to a focus on the retina. adj., ametrop´ic., adj.

AMI
acute myocardial infarction.

amiculum
(ә-mik´u-lәm) pl. ami´cula a dense, surrounding coat of white fibers, as the sheath of the inferior olive and of the dentate nucleus.

amide
(am´īd) any compound derived from ammonia by substitution of an acyl radical for hydrogen, or from an acid by replacing the sbondOH group by sbondNH2.

amido
(am´ĭ-do) the monovalent radical NH2 united with the radical CO.

amifostine
(am″ĭ-fos´tēn) a chemoprotectant used to prevent renal toxicity in cisplatin chemotherapy and to reduce esophagitis, xerostomia, and loss of taste in patients receiving radiation therapy for head, neck, or lung cancer.

Amigen
(am´ĭ-jen) trademark for a protein hydrolysate preparation for intravenous injection as a fluid and nutrient replenisher.

amikacin
(am″ĭ-ka´sin) a semisynthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from kanamycin, used as the sulfate salt in the treatment of a wide range of infections due to susceptible gram-negative organisms.

amiloride
(ә-mil´ә-rīd) a potassium sparing diuretic, used as the hydrochloride salt, usually in combination with hydrochlorothiazide, in the treatment of edema and hypertension and the prevention and treatment of hypokalemia.

amiloxate
(am″il-ok´sāt) an absorber of ultraviolet B radiation, used topically as a sunscreen.

amimia
(a-mim´e-ә) loss of the power of expression by the use of signs or gestures.

amine
(ә-mēn´) (am´in) an organic compound containing nitrogen. biogenic amine bioamine. sympathomimetic amines amines that mimic the actions of the sympathetic nervous system, the group includes the catecholamines and drugs that mimic...

amino
(ә-me´no) (am´ĭ-no″) the monovalent radical NH2, when not united with an acid radical.

amino acid
any of a class of organic compounds containing the amino (NH2) and the carboxyl (COOH) groups, occurring naturally in plant and animal tissues and forming the chief constituents of protein. Twenty amino acids are necessary for protein synthesis. Eleven (the nonessential amino acids) can be synthesized by the human body and thus are n...

aminoacetic acid
(ә-me″no-ә-se´tik) glycine.

aminoacidemia
(ә-me″no-as″ĭ-de´me-ә) an excess of amino acids in the blood.

aminoacidopathy
(ә-me″no-as″ĭ-dop´ә-the) any inborn error of metabolism of amino acids that produces a metabolic block that results in accumulation of one or more amino acids in the blood (aminoacidemia) or excess excretion in the urine (aminoaciduria), or both.

aminoaciduria
(ә-me″no-as″ĭ-du´re-ә) an excess of amino acids in the urine; it may be either the overflow type caused by excessive levels in the blood, or the renal type caused by defective transport mechanisms in the renal tubules. Many types are called by the name of the amino acid plus the suffix -uria...

aminoaciduria cataract
capsular thickening occurring in aminoaciduria, homocystinuria, and oculocerebrorenal syndrome.

aminobenzoate
(ә-me″no-ben´zo-āt) p-aminobenzoate, any salt or ester of p-aminobenzoic acid; the potassium salt is administered orally as an antifibrotic in some dermatologic disorders and various substituted esters, such as padimate O are used as topical sunscreens.

aminoglutethimide
(ә-me″no-gloo-teth´ĭ-mīd) an antihormone that inhibits conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone, thus reducing adrenocortical steroid synthesis; administered orally in treatment of Cushing syndrome. It also inhibits conversion of androstenedione to estrone in peripheral tissues and is sometimes us...

aminoglycoside
(ә-me″no-gli´ko-sīd) any of a group of antibacterial antibiotics derived from species of Streptomyces; they interfere with the function of bacterial ribosomes. They contain an inositol moiety substituted with two amino or guanidino groups and with one or more sugars or aminosugars. The group includes am...

aminolevulinic acid
(ALA) (ә-me″no-lev″u-lin´ik) δ-aminolevulinic acid; a precursor of porphyrins and hemoglobin; serum levels of this acid are elevated in lead poisoning and urinary levels are increased in some porphyrias. The hydrochloride salt is used as a topical photosensitizer in the treatment ...

aminophylline
(am″ĭ-nof´ә-lin) a mixture of theophylline and ethylenediamine, acting as a respiratory stimulant, smooth muscle relaxant, myocardial stimulant, and diuretic. It is used as a bronchodilator and also as an antidote to dipyridamole toxicity. Administration may be oral, intramuscular, intravenous, or rectal.

aminopyrine
(ә-me″no-pi´rēn) a compound chemically related to the analgesic antipyrine, used in liver function tests. See aminopyrine breath test.

aminopyrine breath test
a breath test done to measure liver function. The patient is given a dose of carbon 14–labeled aminopyrine and at 15-minute intervals for two hours the amount of labeled carbon dioxide in the patient's breath is measured. Excessively low levels of carbon dioxide indicate impaired liver function, such as cirrhosis.

aminoquinoline
(ә-me″no-kwin´o-lēn) a heterocyclic compound derived from quinoline by the addition of an amino group; the 4-aminoquinoline and 8-aminoquinoline derivatives are groups of antimalarial agents.

aminosalicylate
(ә-me″no-sә-lis´ә-lāt) any salt of p-aminosalicylic acid; they are antibacterials effective against mycobacteria and the sodium salt is used orally as a tuberculostatic.

aminosalicylic acid
(ә-me″no-sal-ĭ-sil´ik) official pharmaceutical name for p-aminosalicylic acid.

Aminosol
(ә-me´no-sol) trademark for an amino acid preparation for intravenous injection.

aminotransferase
(ә-me″no-trans´fәr-ās) transaminase.

aminuria
(am″ĭ-nu´re-ә) an excess of amines in the urine.

amiodarone
(ә-me´o-dә-rōn″) a potassium channel blocking agent used orally or by intravenous infusion as the hydrochloride salt in treatment of ventricular arrhythmias.

amitosis
(am″ĭ-to´sis) direct cell division; simple cleavage of the nucleus without the formation of a spindle figure or chromosomes. adj., amitot´ic., adj.