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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

secondary gain
Interpersonal or social advantages (e.g., assistance, attention, sympathy) gained indirectly from organic illness. ... Compare: primary gain. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

secondary generalised epilepsy
A group of epilepsy syndromes of diverse aetiologies with diffuse or multifocal cerebral involvement. Patients typically have a variety of generalised seizure types, including tonic, atonic, myoclonic, atypical absence, and generalised tonic-clonic seizures. Partial seizures may also occur. One classic syndrome is the Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. ... Sy …

secondary glaucoma
Glaucoma occurring as a sequel of preexisting ocular disease or injury. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

secondary haemorrhage
Haemorrhage at an interval after an injury or an operation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

secondary homonym
<zoology> Each of two or more identical species names, which, at the time of original publication, were proposed in combination with different generic names, but which, through subsequent transference, have come to bear the same combination of generic and specific names. ... See: homonym. ... (09 Jan 1998) ...

secondary host
Synonym for intermediate host ... <epidemiology> See vector. ... (05 Dec 1998) ...

secondary hydrocephalus
An accumulation of fluid in the cranial cavity, due to meningitis or obstruction to the venous flow. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

secondary hyperparathyroidism
Hyperparathyroidism that arises as a result of disordered metabolism producing hypocalcaemia, as in chronic uraemia due to renal disease, malabsorption, rickets, or osteomalacia; associated with hyperplasia of the parathyroid glands. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

secondary hypertension
Arterial hypertension produced by a known cause, e.g., hyperthyroidism, kidney disease, etc., in contrast to primary hypertension that is of unknown cause. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

secondary hyperthyroidism
Hyperthyroidism due to stimulation of the thyroid gland by an excess of thyrotrophin secreted by the pituitary gland. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

secondary hypogammaglobulinaemia
Synonym for secondary immunodeficiency ... Immunodeficiency in which there is no evident defect in the lymphoid tissues, but rather hypercatabolism or loss of immunoglobulins such as occurs in familial idiopathic hypercatabolic hypoproteinaemia or in defects associated with the nephrotic syndrome. ... Synonym: secondary agammaglobulinaemia, secondary …

secondary hypogonadism
Synonym for hypogonadotropic hypogonadism ... Defective gonadal development or function, or both, resulting from inadequate secretion of pituitary gonadotropins. ... Synonym: hypogonadotropic eunuchoidism, secondary hypogonadism. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

secondary hypothyroidism
Hypothyroidism that arises as a consequence of inadequate thyrotropin secretion by the anterior pituitary gland. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

secondary immune response
The response of the immune system to the second or subsequent occasion on which it encounters a specific antigen. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

secondary immunodeficiency
Immunodeficiency in which there is no evident defect in the lymphoid tissues, but rather hypercatabolism or loss of immunoglobulins such as occurs in familial idiopathic hypercatabolic hypoproteinaemia or in defects associated with the nephrotic syndrome. ... Synonym: secondary agammaglobulinaemia, secondary antibody deficiency, secondary hypogammag …

secondary infection
An infection, usually septic, occurring in a person or animal already suffering from an infection of another nature. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

secondary interatrial foramen
Synonym for interatrial foramen secundum ... A secondary opening appearing in the upper part of the septum primum in the sixth week of embryonic life, just prior to the closure of the interatrial foramen primum. ... Synonym: ostium secundum, secondary interatrial foramen. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

secondary leukaemia
A leukaemia arising from either previous chemotherapy or radiotherapy or as the development of a pre-existing condition, such as myelodysplasia. ... Origin: Gr. Haima = blood ... (13 Nov 1997) ...

secondary lung cancer
The spread of cancerous tumours from a distant organ to the lung. Due to the lungs tremendous blood and lymphatic supply it is a frequent site for metastatic cancer. Cancers which commonly metastasize to the lung include osteosarcoma, breast cancer, neuroblastoma, Wilm's tumour and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

secondary lymphoid tissue
Synonym for lymphoid tissue ... <anatomy> Tissue that is particularly rich in lymphocytes (and accessory cells such as macrophages and reticular cells), particularly the lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, Peyer's patches, pharyngeal tonsils, adenoids and (in birds) the Bursa of Fabricius. ... Central lymphoid tissue: A term occasionally used as synon …

secondary lysosome
<cell biology> Term used to describe intracellular vacuoles formed by the fusion of lysosomes with organelles (autosomes) or with primary phagosomes. Residual bodies are the remnants of secondary lysosomes containing indigestible material. ... Origin: Gr. Soma = body ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

secondary lysosomes
Lysosome's in which lysis takes place, owing to the activity of hydrolytic enzymes; they are believed to eventually become residual bodies. ... Synonym: definitive lysosomes, digestive vacuole. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

secondary medical care
Medical care by a physician who acts as a consultant at the request of the primary physician. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

secondary megaureter
Hydroureter secondary to vesicoureteral reflux or distal obstruction. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

secondary mesoderm
Synonym for intraembryonic mesoderm ... Mesoderm derived from the primitive streak and lying between the ectoderm and endoderm. ... Synonym: secondary mesoderm. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

secondary metabolism
Pathways producing specialised metabolic products that are not found inevery cell. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

secondary metabolite
<biochemistry> Chemicals that are usually unique to one organism or class of organisms, and are not essential to cell survival. ... They perform specialised functions, for example, degrading food sources or fighting off other organisms. Many of the chemicals that plants or microorganisms produce that are of biochemical interest are secondary m …

secondary methemoglobinaemia
Synonym for acquired methemoglobinaemia ... Methemoglobinaemia caused by various chemical agents, such as nitrites. ... Synonym: enterogenous methemoglobinaemia, secondary methemoglobinaemia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

secondary myeloid metaplasia
Myeloid metaplasia occurring in individuals with another disease. ... Synonym: symptomatic myeloid metaplasia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

secondary narcissism
In psychoanalysis, the psychic energy once attached to external objects, but now withdrawn from those objects and reinvested in the ego. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

secondary nodule
A lymphatic nodule having a germinal centre. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

secondary nondisjunction
Nondisjunction occurring in an aneuploid cell that was the result of a primary nondisjunction. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

secondary oocyte
<gynaecology> An oocyte which arises from the primary oocyte (which was diploid) after it completes the first meiotic division after the body has become sexually mature. ... The secondary oocyte eventually divides into the mature egg or ovum (which is haploid) and a polar body (which degenerates), thus ending the second meiotic division. ... (1 …

secondary palate
The posterior portion of the embryonic palate, which forms from the palatal processes of the embryonic maxilla and develops into the hard palate. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

secondary pellagra
Pellagra resulting from any morbid condition that impairs nutrition by increasing the requirement or reducing the available supply of vitamins. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

secondary point of ossification
Synonym for secondary centre of ossification ... This is the centre of bone formation appearing later than the punctum ossificationis primarium, usually in epiphysis. ... Synonym: punctum ossificationis secundarium, secondary point of ossification. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

secondary process
In psychoanalysis, the mental process directly related to the learned and acquired functions of the ego and characteristic of conscious and preconscious mental activities; marked by logical thinking and by the tendency to delay gratification by regulation of the discharge of instinctual demands. ... Compare: primary process. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

secondary product
<plant biology> End product of plant cell metabolism, which accumulates in or is secreted from, the cell. Includes anthocyanins, alkaloids, etc. Some are of major economic importance, for example as drugs. In contrast to a primary product that is involved in the vital metabolism of the plant. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

secondary pulmonary lobule
A pyramidal mass of lung tissue whose sides are bounded by the incomplete interlobular connective tissue septa and whose base, which is 1 to 2 cm in diameter, usually faces the pleural surface of the lung; lobule's that occupy a more central position in the lung are not well defined and are considered to consist of three to five pulmonary acini wit …

secondary pyoderma
A pyoderma in which an existing skin lesion (eczema, herpes, seborrheic dermatitis, etc.) becomes secondarily infected. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

secondary radiation
Synonym for scattered radiation ... Secondary radiation emitted from the interaction of X-rays with matter; generally lower in energy, with a directional distribution which depends on the energy of the incident radiation. ... Synonym: secondary radiation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

secondary rays
X-ray's generated when primary X-ray's impinge upon matter; scattered radiation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

secondary refractory anaemia
Any persistent anaemia that is successfully treated only by blood transfusions, and that is associated with another condition. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

secondary reinforcement
Reinforcement through something which, while it does not satisfy the need directly, has been associated with direct satisfaction of the need, such as the effect on behaviour of a food or beer commercial on television. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

secondary renal calculus
A calculus associated with infection and/or obstruction, usually composed of struvite (magnesium ammonium phosphate). ... Synonym: infection calculus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

secondary renal tubular acidosis
Renal tubular acidosis that may occur as a complication of hypercalcaemic states, hyperglobulinaemic disorders, and in some other chronic renal conditions; a regular component of De Toni-Fanconi syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

secondary retinitis
Retinitis that follows uveal inflammation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

secondary saturation
A technique of nitrous oxide anaesthesia consisting of an abrupt curtailment of the oxygen in the inhaled mixture to produce a deep plane of anaesthesia, following which oxygen is administered to correct hypoxia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

secondary screw-worm
An accidental or facultative screw-worm that enters a prior wound or suppurated condition and feeds on infected rather than intact tissues. Many blowflies are included, such as Calliphora vicina, Phaenicia sericata, Phormia regina, Cochliomyia macellaria, Chrysomyia species, and other fleshflies. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

secondary sensory cortex
A cortical region occupying the parietal operculum (upper lip of the lateral sulcus) closely posterior to the foot of the postcentral gyrus; like the primary somatic-sensory cortex of the postcentral gyrus, this region receives sensory impulses originating in face, trunk, and limbs; projections to the s.s.c. Are from the ventral basal complex (vent …

secondary sensory nuclei
Synonym for terminal nuclei ... Nuclei terminales, collective term indicating those nerve cell groups in the rhombencephalon and spinal cord in which the afferent fibres of the spinal and cranial nerves terminate. ... Synonym: nuclei terminationis, secondary sensory nuclei. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

secondary sex characters
Those character's peculiar to the male or female that develop at puberty, e.g., the beard of men and the breasts of women. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

secondary site
A second site in which cancer is found. Example: cancer in the lymph nodes near the breast is a secondary site. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

secondary spiral lamina
A ridge on the outer wall of the first turn of the cochlea opposite the spiral lamina. ... Synonym: lamina spiralis secundaria, secondary spiral plate. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

secondary spiral plate
Synonym for secondary spiral lamina ... A ridge on the outer wall of the first turn of the cochlea opposite the spiral lamina. ... Synonym: lamina spiralis secundaria, secondary spiral plate. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

secondary succession
The progression of plant communities following disturbances such as fire, windthrow and timber harvesting. See Succession. ... (05 Dec 1998) ...

secondary suture
Delayed closure of a wound. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

secondary syphilid
A syphilitic skin lesion characteristic of the second stage of the disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

secondary syphilis
The second stage of syphilis ... See: syphilis. ... Synonym: mesosyphilis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

secondary teeth
<dentistry> The permanent teeth, i.e. The second group of teeth to come in. ... (08 Jan 1998) ...

secondary telangiectasia
Telangiectasia related to a known cause of prolonged dermal vascular dilatation such as sunlight, varicose veins, and connective tissue diseases; often associated with atrophy of the skin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

secondary thrombus
A thrombus formed about an embolus as a nucleus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

secondary tuberculosis
Tuberculosis found in adults and characterised by lesions near the apex of an upper lobe, which may cavitate or heal with scarring without spreading to lymph nodes; theoretically, secondary tuberculosis may be due to exogenous reinfection or to reactivation of a dormant endogenous infection. ... Synonym: adult tuberculosis, postprimary tuberculosis, …

secondary tumour
<oncology> A tumour that develops as a result of metastasis or spreads beyond the original cancer. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

secondary tympanic membrane
The membrane closing the fenestra cochleae or rotunda. ... Synonym: membrana tympani secundaria, Scarpa's membrane. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

secondary union
Synonym for healing by second intention ... Delayed closure of two granulating surfaces. ... Synonym: secondary adhesion, secondary union. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

secondary villus
An intermediate stage of chorionic villus development following invasion by a connective tissue core. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

secondary visual area
Synonym for visual cortex ... Area of the occipital lobe concerned with vision. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

secondary visual cortex
See: visual cortex. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

secondary vitreous
Avascular vitreous formed around the primary vitreous. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

secondary wall
<plant biology> The part of the plant cell wall which is laid down on top of the primary wall after the wall has ceased to increase in surface area. Only occurs in certain cell types, for example tracheids, vessel elements and sclerenchyma. Differs from the primary wall both in composition and structure and is often diagnostic for a particula …

secondary X zone
An adrenocortical zone, situated in the inner zona fasciculata, that appears upon postpubertal gonadectomy in some male rodents, most notably the mouse; the development of this zone is believed to be stimulated by pituitary gonadotropins. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

secosteroid
<chemistry> A compound derived from a steroid in which there has been a ring cleavage. ... Steroids in which fission of one or more ring structures and concomitant addition of a hydrogen atom at each terminal group has occurred. ... Origin: L. Seco, to cut, + steroid ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

secrecy
1. The state or quality of being hidden; as, his movements were detected in spite of their secrecy. 'The Lady Anne, Whom the king hath in secrecy long married.' (Shak) ... 2. That which is concealed; a secret. ... 3. Seclusion; privacy; retirement. 'The pensive secrecy of desert cell.' ... 4. The quality of being secretive; fidelity to a secret; forbe …

secret
1. Hidden; concealed; as, secret treasure; secret plans; a secret vow. 'The secret things belong unto the Lord our God; but those things which are revealed belong unto us.' (Deut. Xxix. 29) ... 2. Withdraw from general intercourse or notice; in retirement or secrecy; secluded. 'There, secret in her sapphire cell, He with the Nais wont to dwell.' (Fe …

secreta
Synonym for secretion ... 1. <physiology> The process of elaborating a specific product as a result of the activity of a gland, this activity may range from separating a specific substance of the blood to the elaboration of a new chemical substance. ... 2. Any substance produced by secretion. ... Origin: L. Secretio, from secernere = to secrete< …

secretagogue
<physiology> Substance that induces secretion from cells, originally applied to peptides inducing gastric and pancreatic secretion. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

Secretan
H., Swiss surgeon. ... Lived: 1856-1916. ... See: Secretan's syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Secretan's syndrome
<syndrome> Factitious, traumatic, recurrent oedema or haemorrhage of the dorsum of the hand. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

secretary
1. One who keeps, or is intrusted with, secrets. ... 2. A person employed to write orders, letters, dispatches, public or private papers, records, and the like; an official scribe, amanuensis, or writer; one who attends to correspondence, and transacts other business, for an association, a public body, or an individual. 'That which is most of all pr …

secretase
<enzyme> Hypothetical proteinase which cleaves amyloid beta-precursor protein in betaa4 domain (residue 16) to generate the secreted form of app; comes in three putative forms (alpha, beta, gamma); beta and gamma forms form beta-protein from precursor, while alpha form cleaves precursor in middle so no beta-protein forms ... Registry number: E …

secrete
<physiology> To discharge a secretion, to release some sort of liquid substance (or substance in liquid). This can be done by the cell, by glands or other organs, or by tissues. ... Examples of things that are secreted are hormones, saliva, mucus, bile, and sweat. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

secretin
<hormone> Peptide hormone of gastrointestinal tract (27 residues) found in the mucosal cells of duodenum. Stimulates pancreatic, pepsin and bile secretion, inhibits gastric acid secretion. Considerable homology with gastric inhibitory peptide, vasoactive intestinal peptide and glucagon. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

secretin test
<investigation> A test of pancreatic exocrine function, variably performed and standardised, in which the bicarbonate, amylase, and volume of the duodenal aspirate are measured after intravenous administration of secretin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

secretion
1. <physiology> The process of elaborating a specific product as a result of the activity of a gland, this activity may range from separating a specific substance of the blood to the elaboration of a new chemical substance. ... 2. Any substance produced by secretion. ... Origin: L. Secretio, from secernere = to secrete ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

secretion vector
<molecular biology> A DNA vector in which the protein product is both expressed and secreted (excreted) from the cell. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

secretogogue
Synonym for secretagogue ... <physiology> Substance that induces secretion from cells, originally applied to peptides inducing gastric and pancreatic secretion. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

secretogranins
Synonym for granins ... Family of related acidic proteins (400-600 residues) found in many endocrine cell secretory vesicles. Secretogranin 1 = chromogranin B, secretogranin 2 = chromogranin C. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

secretomotor
Stimulating secretion. ... Origin: secrete = motor, mover ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

secretomotor nerve
Synonym for secretory nerve ... <anatomy, nerve> A nerve conveying impulses that excite functional activity in a gland. ... Synonym: secretomotor nerve. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

secretor
<haematology, physiology> An individual whose bodily fluids (saliva, semen, vaginal secretions) contain a water-soluble form of the antigens of the ABO blood group. ... Secretors constitute 80% of the population. In forensic medicine, the examination of fluids has enhanced the ability of law enforcement officials to develop identifying informa …

secretor factor
<haematology> The capacity to secrete antigens of the ABO blood group in saliva and other body fluids, controlled by a pair of allelic genes designated Se and se (or S and s), with the Se phenotype dominant to se. ... The saliva of genotypes SeSe and Sese contains the blood group substances A, B, or H found in their erythrocytes; the saliva of …

secretory canaliculus
See: intercellular canaliculus, intracellular canaliculus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

secretory carcinoma
<tumour> Carcinoma of the breast with pale-staining cells showing prominent secretory activity, as seen in pregnancy and lactation, but found mostly in children. ... Synonym: juvenile carcinoma. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

secretory cell
<biology> Cells specialised for secretion, usually epithelial. Those that secrete proteins characteristically have well developed rough endoplasmic reticulum, whereas conspicuous smooth endoplasmic reticulum is typical of cells that secrete lipid or lipid derived products (e.g. Steroids). ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

secretory component
<physiology> A glycoprotein found in a variety of external secretions (tears, bile, colostrum) usually complexed to secreted polymeric immunoglobulins (IgA or, less frequently IgM). ... It is derived, by proteolytic cleavage, from the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (receptors, polymeric immunoglobulin) and probably functions to protect the …

secretory component of IgA
<immunology, protein> A polypeptide chain of about 60 kD that aids secretion of the IgA, a portion of the IgA receptor on the plasmalemma of the inner side of the epithelial cells lining the gut, which is proteolysed when the IgA receptor complex has travelled through the cell after receptor mediated endocytosis at the inner face, to the oute …

secretory cyst
Synonym for retention cyst ... A cyst resulting from some obstruction to the excretory duct of a gland. ... Synonym: distention cyst, secretory cyst. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

secretory duct
Synonym for striated duct ... A type of intralobular duct found in some salivary glands that modifies the secretory product; it derives its name from extensive infolding of the basal membrane. ... Synonym: salivary duct, secretory duct. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

secretory granule
A membrane-bound particle, usually protein, formed in the granular endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi complex. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...