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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

peroneal artery
<anatomy, artery> Origin, posterior tibial; distribution, soleus, tibialis posterior, flexor longus hallucis, peroneal muscles, inferior tibiofibular articulation, and ankle joint; anastomoses, anterior lateral malleolar, lateral tarsal, lateral plantar, dorsalis pedis. ... Synonym: arteria peronea, arteria fibularis, fibular artery. ... (05 Ma …

peroneal bone
Synonym for fibula ... A long bone in the lower leg that is adjacent to the tibia. The fibula supports approximately 1/6th of the body weight and produces the lateral (outer) prominence of the ankle. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

peroneal communicating branch
The peroneal (fibular) communicating branch of the common peroneal (fibular) nerve; it arises from the common peroneal nerve in the popliteal space and passes over the lateral head of the gastrocnemius to the middle third of the leg, where it unites with the medial sural cutaneous nerve to form the sural nerve. ... Synonym: ramus communicans fibular …

peroneal communicating nerve
Synonym for peroneal communicating branch ... The peroneal (fibular) communicating branch of the common peroneal (fibular) nerve; it arises from the common peroneal nerve in the popliteal space and passes over the lateral head of the gastrocnemius to the middle third of the leg, where it unites with the medial sural cutaneous nerve to form the sural …

peroneal muscular atrophy
A group of three familial peripheral neuromuscular disorders, sharing the common feature of marked wasting of the more distal extremities, particularly the peroneal muscle groups, resulting in 'stork legs.' Two of the three subtypes are hereditary sensorimotor polyneuropathies, one demyelinating in type and the other axon loss in type, while the th …

peroneal nerve
<anatomy, nerve> The lateral of the two terminal branches of the sciatic nerve. The peroneal (or fibular) nerve provides motor and sensory innervation to parts of the leg and foot. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

peroneal node
Synonym for fibular lymph node ... A small inconstant lymph node located along the course of the peroneal vein. ... Synonym: nodus fibularis, fibular node, peroneal node. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

peroneal phenomenon
Tapping the peroneal nerve below the head of the fibula causes dorsiflexion and abduction of the foot. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

peroneal pulley
Synonym for peroneal trochlea of calcaneus ... A projection from the lateral side of the calcaneus between the tendons of the peroneus longus and brevis. ... Synonym: trochlea peronealis, trochlea fibularis calcanei, peroneal pulley, processus trochlearis, spina peronealis, trochlear process. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

peroneal retinaculum
Superior and inferior fibrous bands retaining the tendons of the peroneus longus and brevis in position as they cross the lateral side of the ankle. ... Synonym: retinacula musculorum peroneorum, retinacula musculorum fibularium, retinacula of peroneal muscles. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

peroneal trochlea of calcaneus
A projection from the lateral side of the calcaneus between the tendons of the peroneus longus and brevis. ... Synonym: trochlea peronealis, trochlea fibularis calcanei, peroneal pulley, processus trochlearis, spina peronealis, trochlear process. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

peroneal veins
Venae comsitantes of the peroneal artery; they join the posterior tibial veins to enter the popliteal vein. ... Synonym: venae peroneae, venae fibulares, fibular veins. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

peroneotibial
Synonym for tibiofibular ... Relating to both tibia and fibula; denotes especially the joints and ligaments between the two bones. ... Synonym: peroneotibial, tibioperoneal. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

peroneus brevis
<anatomy, muscle> Origin, lower two-thirds of lateral surface of fibula; insertion, base of fifth metatarsal bone; action, everts foot; nerve supply, superficial peroneal. ... Synonym: musculus fibularis brevis, musculus peroneus brevis, short fibular muscle, short peroneal muscle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

peroneus longus
<anatomy, muscle> Origin, upper two-thirds of outer surface of fibula and lateral condyle of tibia; insertion, by tendon passing behind lateral malleolus and across sole of foot to medial cuneiform and base of first metatarsal; action, plantar flexes and everts foot; nerve supply, superficial peroneal. ... Synonym: musculus fibularis longus, m …

peroneus tertius
<anatomy, muscle> Origin, in common with musculus extensor digitorum longus; insertion, dorsum of base of fifth metatarsal bone; nerve supply, deep branch of peroneal; action, assists in dorsiflexion and eversion of foot. ... Synonym: musculus fibularis tertius, musculus peroneus tertius, third peroneal muscle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

peropus
A person with a congenital malformation of one or both feet. ... Origin: pero-+ G. Pous, foot ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

peroral
Performed through or administered through the mouth. ... Origin: L. Per = through, oris = the mouth ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

peroral endoscopy
Visual examination of interior sections of the body by introduction of an instrument (an endoscope) through the mouth; examples include oesophagoscopy, gastroscopy, bronchoscopy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

perosis
A nutritional disease of young birds (e.g., chicks and turkeys) characterised by shortening and thickening of the limb bones and a deformity known as 'slipped tendon,' overcrowding, confinement, and wire floors without roosts are predisposing factors. ... Origin: pero-+ G. -osis, condition ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

perosplanchnia
Congenital malformation of the viscera. ... Origin: pero-+ G. Splanchnon, viscus ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

perosseous
Through bone. ... Origin: L. Per, through, + os, bone ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

peroxi-
See: peroxy-. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

peroxidase
<enzyme> A haem enzyme that catalyses reduction of hydrogen peroxide by a substrate that loses two hydrogen atoms. Within cells, may be localised in peroxisomes. Coloured reaction products allow detection of the enzyme with high sensitivity, so peroxidase coupled antibodies are widely used in microscopy and ELISA. Lactoperoxidase is used in t …

peroxidase reaction
Formation of indophenol blue by the action of an oxidizing enzyme present in certain cells and tissues when they are treated with a solution of alpha-naphthol and dimethylparaphenylenediamine; by this method, cells of the myelocyte series, which give a positive reaction, may be distinguished from those of the lymphocyte series, which give a negativ …

peroxidase stain
<technique> A method for demonstrating peroxidase granules in some neutrophils and in eosinophils; the enzyme promotes the oxidation of benzidine by hydrogen peroxide; tissues treated with horseradish peroxidase can also have the enzyme detected in the electron microscope. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

peroxidases
<enzyme> Registry number: EC 1.11.1. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

peroxides
A group of compounds that contain a bivalent o-o group, i.e., the oxygen atoms are univalent. Such compounds release atomic (nascent) oxygen readily. Thus they are strong oxidizing agents and fire hazards when in contact with combustible materials, especially under high-temperature conditions. The chief industrial uses of peroxides are as oxidizing …

peroxisomal disorders
A heterogeneous group of inherited metabolic disorders in which peroxisomes are either defective or totally lacking and/or there is a dysfunction of single or multiple peroxisomal enzymes. Patients show metabolic defects in all the major biosynthetic peroxisomal pathways, especially failure to synthesise ether lipids, or to oxidise long-chain fatty …

peroxisome
<cell biology> Organelle containing peroxidase and catalase, sometimes as a large crystal. A site of oxygen utilisation, but not of ATP synthesis. In plants, associated with chloroplasts in photorespiration and considered to be part of a larger group of organelles, the microbodies. ... Origin: Gr. Soma = body ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

peroxy acid
Synonym for peracid ... An acid containing a peroxide group (-O-OH); e.g., peracetic acid. ... Synonym: peroxy acid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

peroxy-
<prefix> Prefix denoting the presence of an extra O atom, as in peroxides, peroxy acids (e.g., hydrogen peroxide, peroxyformic acid). Often shortened to per-. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

peroxy-Y-base
<chemical> Tricyclic imidazo derivative of guanine ... Chemical name: 1h-imidazo(1,2-a)purine-7-butanoic acid, 4,9-dihydro-beta-hydroperoxy-alpha-((methoxycarbonyl)amino)-4,6-dimethyl-9-oxo-, methyl ester ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

peroxyacetyl nitrate
The major pollutant responsible for eye and nose irritation in smog. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

peroxyformic acid
Synonym for performic acid ... H-CO-O-OH;an organic peracid used in cleaving disulfide links in peptides by oxidizing cysteine and cystine to cysteic acid. ... Synonym: peroxyformic acid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

peroxygenase
<enzyme> Hydroperoxide-dependent hydroxylase ... Registry number: EC 1.14.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

peroxyl
H-O-O;one of the free radicals presumed formed as a result of the bombardment of tissue by high energy radiation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

peroxynitrite reductase
<enzyme> A selenoprotein ... Registry number: EC 1.7.99.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

perpendicular
1. Exactly upright or vertical; pointing to the zenith; at right angles to the plane of the horizon; extending in a right line from any point toward the center of the earth. ... 2. <geometry> at right angles to a given line or surface; as, the line ad is perpendicular to the line bc. Perpendicular style, a name given to the latest variety of E …

perpendicular fasciculus
A bundle of association fibres running vertically and interconnecting regions of the temporal, occipital, and parietal lobes. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

perpendicular plate
Flat portion of a bone which lies within or closely approximates a vertical plane. ... See: perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone, perpendicular plate of palatine bone. ... Synonym: lamina perpendicularis, pars perpendicularis, vertical plate. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone
A thin plate of bone projecting downward from the crista galli of the ethmoid; it forms part of the nasal septum. ... Synonym: lamina perpendicularis ossis ethmoidalis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

perpetual arrhythmia
An obsolete term for atrial fibrillation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

perpetually growing tooth
A physiologic phenomenon whereby the tooth continually or constantly grows, calcifies, and erupts; e.g., the rat incisor tooth. ... Synonym: persistently growing tooth. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

perphenazine
<drug> This prescription drug is used to treat psychotic disorders and to control nausea/vomiting in adults. It may cause tardive dyskinesia in some patients and can have adverse reactions with other medications. It can cause a wide range of side effects. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

persecution complex
A feeling that others have evil designs against one's well-being. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

perseverance
1. The act of persevering; persistence in anything undertaken; continued pursuit or prosecution of any business, or enterprise begun. 'The king-becoming graces . . . Perseverance, mercy, lowliness.' 'Whose constant perseverance overcame Whate'er his cruel malice could invent.' (Milton) ... 2. Discrimination. ... 3. Continuance in a state of grace unt …

perseveration
1. The constant repetition of a meaningless word or phrase. ... 2. The duration of a mental impression, measured by the rapidity with which one impression follows another as determined by the revolving of a two-coloured disk. ... 3. In clinical psychology, the uncontrollable repetition of a previously appropriate or correct response, even though the …

persia
An ancient civilization, known as early as 2000 b.c. The persian empire was founded by cyrus the great (550-529 b.c.) and for 200 years, from 550 to 331 b.c., the persians ruled the ancient world from india to egypt. The territory west of india was called persis by the greeks who later called the entire empire persia. In 331 b.c. The persian wars a …

persian
Of or pertaining to Persia, to the Persians, or to their language. Persian berry, the fruit of Rhamnus infectorius, a kind of buckthorn, used for dyeing yellow, and imported chiefly from Trebizond. Persian cat. ... <medicine> Malignant pustule. Persian powder. See Insect powder, under Insect. Persian red. See Indian red. Persian wheel, a noria …

persian gulf syndrome
<syndrome> Unexplained symptoms reported by veterans of the persian gulf war with iraq in 1991. The symptoms reported include fatigue, skin rash, muscle and joint pain, headaches, loss of memory, shortness of breath, gastrointestinal and respiratory symptoms, and extreme sensitivity to commonly occurring chemicals. (nature 1994 may 5;369(6475 …

Persian relapsing fever
A tick-borne relapsing fever, occurring in the Middle East, caused by Borrelia persica and transmitted by Ornithodoros tholozani and possibly by Ornithodoros lahorensis. ... Synonym: mianeh disease, mianeh fever. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

persic oil
The fixed oil expressed from the kernels of varieties of Prunus armeniaca (apricot kernel oil) or Prunus persica (peach kernel oil); used as a vehicle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

persimmon
<botany> An American tree (Diospyros Virginiana) and its fruit, found from new York southward. The fruit is like a plum in appearance, but is very harsh and astringent until it has been exposed to frost, when it becomes palatable and nutritious. Japanese persimmon, Diospyros Kaki and its red or yellow edible fruit, which outwardly resembles a …

persistence
1. The tendency of a cell to continue moving in one direction: an internal bias on the random walk behaviour that cells exhibit in isotropic environments. ... 2. Of viruses that persist in a cell population, animal, plant or population for long periods often in a nonreplicating form, by such strategies as integration into host DNA, immunological sup …

persistency
1. The quality or state of being persistent; staying or continuing quality; hence, in an unfavorable sense, doggedness; obstinacy. ... 2. <physics> The continuance of an effect after the cause which first gave rise to it is removed; as: Visual persistence, or persistence of the visual impression; auditory persistence, etc. ... See: Persistent.< …

persistent
Continuing to exist in spite of interference or treatment, tending to recur. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

persistent atrioventricular canal
A condition that is caused when the atrial and ventricular septa fail to meet, as in normal development, resulting in a low atrial and high ventricular septal defect or a common atrioventricular canal. ... Synonym: endocardial cushion defect. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

persistent chronic hepatitis
A benign chronic hepatitis that may follow acute viral hepatitis A or B, or complicate bowel diseases; after six months, liver biopsy changes are mild, unlike active chronic hepatitis; rarely, if ever, progresses to cirrhosis, portal hypertension, or liver failure. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

persistent cloaca
A condition in which the urorectal fold has failed to divide the cloaca of the embryo into rectal and urogenital portions. ... Synonym: sinus urogenitalis, urogenital sinus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

persistent ectopic pregnancy
An ectopic pregnancy which has persistent viable tissue, secreting hCG after conservative surgery. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

persistent mullerian duct syndrome
<syndrome> Familial disorder with presence of fallopian tube, uterus, and testis in a male. Deficient mullerian inhibitory substance secondary to Sertoli cell defect. ... Synonym: hernia uteri inguinale. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

persistent tremor
A tremor that is constant, whether the subject is at rest or moving. ... Synonym: continuous tremor. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

persistent truncus arteriosus
A congenital cardiovascular deformity resulting from failure of development of the spiral septum and consisting of a common arterial trunk opening out of both ventricles, the pulmonary arteries being given off from the ascending common trunk. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

persistent vegetative state
A persistent loss of upper cortical function that may follow acute (e.g., infections, toxins, trauma or vascular) events or chronic (e.g., degenerative) events. The patient is bedridden and nutritional support is completely passive, either parenteral or via nasogastric tube. The patient does not require respiratory support or circulatory assistance …

persistently growing tooth
Synonym for perpetually growing tooth ... A physiologic phenomenon whereby the tooth continually or constantly grows, calcifies, and erupts; e.g., the rat incisor tooth. ... Synonym: persistently growing tooth. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

persister
That which, or one who, is capable of persistence; especially a bacteria that exhibits microbial persistence. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

person
1. A character or part, as in a play; a specific kind or manifestation of individual character, whether in real life, or in literary or dramatic representation; an assumed character. 'His first appearance upon the stage in his new person of a sycophant or juggler.' (Bacon) 'No man can long put on a person and act a part.' (Jer. Taylor) 'To bear rul …

person to person epidemic
An epidemic resulting from person to person contact, characterised by a gradual rise and fall in number of cases. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

person-years
The sum of the number of years that each member of a population has been afflicted by a certain condition; e.g., years of treatment with a certain drug. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

personable
1. Having a well-formed body, or person; graceful; comely; of good appearance; presentable; as, a personable man or woman. 'Wise, warlike, personable, courteous, and kind.' (Spenser) 'The king, . . . So visited with sickness, was not personable.' (E. Hall) ... 2. Enabled to maintain pleas in court. Having capacity to take anything granted. ... Source …

personal construct theory
A psychological theory based on dimensions or categories used by a given person in describing or explaining the personality and behaviour of others or of himself. The basic idea is that different people will use consistently different categories. The theory was formulated in the fifties by george kelly. Two tests devised by him are the role constru …

personal equation
A slight error in judgment, perceptual response, or action peculiar to the individual and so constant that it is usually possible to allow for it in accepting the person's statements or conclusions, thus arriving at approximate exactness; observed in persons whose work involves readings of events in time, such as navigators and air traffic controll …

personal growth laboratory
A sensitivity training setting in which the primary emphasis is on each participant's potentialities for creativity, empathy, and leadership. ... See: sensitivity training group. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

personal health services
Health care provided to individuals. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

personal motivation
An individual's predispositions and expectations that give meaning and direction to personality functioning. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

personal probability
An idiosyncratic judgment about the outcome of an event; it may include evidence too subtle to be disposed of in a subjective probability. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

personal satisfaction
A subjective evaluation, judgment, or attitude expressed by an individual with respect to the attainment of certain goals or needs based on his level of aspiration or expectation. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

personal space
Invisible boundaries surrounding the individual's body which are maintained in relation to others. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

personality
Behaviour-response patterns that characterise the individual. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

personality assessment
The determination and evaluation of personality attributes by interviews, observations, tests, or scales. Articles concerning personality measurement are considered to be within scope of this term. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

personality development
Growth of habitual patterns of behaviour in childhood and adolescence. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

personality disorder
General term for a group of behavioural disorder's characterised by usually lifelong, ingrained, maladaptive patterns of deviant behaviour, lifestyle, and social adjustment that are different in quality from psychotic and neurotic symptoms; former designations for individuals with these personality disorder's were psychopath and sociopath. ... See: …

personality disorders
A major deviation from normal patterns of behaviour. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

personality formation
The life history associated with the development of individual patterns and of one's individuality. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

personality integration
The effective organization of old and new experience, data, and emotional capacities into the personality; the harmonious organization of the personality. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

personality inventory
Check list, usually to be filled out by a person about himself, consisting of many statements about personal characteristics which the subject checks. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

personality profile
A method by which the results of psychological testing are presented in graphic form, a vignette or brief personality description. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

personality test
Any of the category of psychological test's designed to test the characteristics of the personality, emotional status, mental disorder, etc., in contrast to an intelligence test. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

personality tests
Standardised objective tests designed to facilitate the evaluation of personality. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

personnel administration, hospital
Management activities concerned with hospital employees. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

personnel loyalty
Dedication or commitment shown by employees to organizations or institutions where they work. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

personnel management
Planning, organizing, and administering all activities related to personnel. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

personnel selection
The process of choosing employees for specific types of employment. The concept includes recruitment. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

personnel staffing and scheduling
The selection, appointing, and scheduling of personnel. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

personnel turnover
A change or shift in personnel due to reorganization, resignation, or discharge. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

personnel, hospital
The individuals employed by the hospital. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

persons
Persons as individuals (e.g., abortion applicants) or as members of a group (e.g., hispanic americans). It is not used for members of the various professions (e.g., physicians) or occupations (e.g., librarians) for which occupational groups is available. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

perspective
1. A glass through which objects are viewed. 'Not a perspective, but a mirror.' ... 2. That which is seen through an opening; a view; a vista. 'The perspective of life.' ... 3. The effect of distance upon the appearance of objects, by means of which the eye recognised them as being at a more or less measurable distance. Hence, aerial perspective, the …

perspiration
Sweating, the functional secretion of sweat. ... Origin: L. Perspirare = to breathe through ... (18 Nov 1997) ...