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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

membrane
A thin layer of tissue which covers a surface, lines a cavity or divides a space or organ. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

membrane attack complex
Synonym for complement ... <immunology> A term originally used to refer to the heat labile factor in serum that causes immune cytolysis, the lysis of antibody coated cells and now referring to the entire functionally related system comprising at least 20 distinct serum proteins that is the effector not only of immune cytolysis but also of othe …

membrane bone
A bone that develops embryologically within a membrane of vascularised primitive mesenchymal tissue without prior formation of cartilage. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

membrane capacitance
The electrical capacitance of a membrane. Plasma membranes are excellent insulators and dielectrics: capacitance is the measure of the quantity of charge that must be moved across unit area of the membrane to produce unit change in membrane potential and is measured in Farads. most plasma membranes have a capacitance around 1 microfarad cmexp 2. …

membrane depolarisation
Synonym for depolarisation ... The process or act of neutralising polarity, depriving of polarity, or the result of such action; reduction to an unpolarised condition. ... <physiology> The reversal of the resting potential in excitable cell membranes when stimulated i.e., the tendency of the cell membrane potential to become positive with respe …

membrane dipeptidase
<enzyme> Renal dipeptidase which metabolises thienamycin and related carbapenem antibiotic ... Registry number: EC 3.4.13.19 ... Synonym: dehydropeptidase-i, dehydropeptidase I, microsomal dipeptidase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

membrane enzyme
<enzyme> An enzyme present or embedded in a biomembrane. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

membrane expansion theory
That adsorption of anaesthetics into membranes so alters membrane volume and/or configuration that membrane function is affected in such a way as to produce anaesthesia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

membrane fluidity
Biological membranes are viscous 2 dimensional fluids within their physiological temperature range. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

membrane fracture
Synonym for freeze fracture ... Method of specimen preparation for the electron microscope in which rapidly frozen tissue is cracked so as to produce a fracture plane through the specimen. The surface of the fracture plane is then shadowed by heavy metal vapour, strengthened by a carbon film and the underlying specimen is digested away, leaving a re …

membrane fusion
The adherence of cell membranes, intracellular membranes, or artifical membrane models of either to each other or to viruses, parasites, or interstitial particles through a variety of chemical and physical processes. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

membrane glycoproteins
Glycoproteins found on the membrane or surface of cells. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

membrane lipids
Lipids, predominantly phospholipids, cholesterol and small amounts of glycolipids found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. These lipids may be arranged in bilayers in the membranes with integral proteins between the layers and peripheral proteins attached to the outside. Membrane lipids are required for active transport, s …

membrane of tympanum
Synonym for tympanic membrane ... <anatomy> The eardrum. ... (13 Nov 1997) ...

membrane potential
<physiology> More correctly, transmembrane potential difference: the electrical potential difference across a plasma membrane. ... See: resting potential, action potential. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

membrane potentials
Ratio of inside versus outside concentration of potassium, sodium, chloride and other ions in diffusible tissues or cells. Also called transmembrane and resting potentials, they are measured by recording electrophysiologic responses in voltage-dependent ionic channels of (e.g.) nerve, muscle and blood cells as well as artificial membranes. ... (12 D …

membrane protein
<protein> A protein with regions permanently attached to a membrane (peripheral membrane protein) or inserted into a membrane integral membrane protein). Insertion into a membrane implies hydrophobic domains in the protein. All transport proteins are integral membrane proteins. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

membrane proteins
Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. They consist of two types, peripheral and integral proteins. They include most membrane-associated enzymes, antigenic proteins, transport proteins, and drug, hormone, and lectin receptors. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

membrane recycling
<cell biology> The process whereby membrane is internalised, fuses with an internal membranous compartment and is then re incorporated into the plasma membrane. In cells that are actively secreting by an exocrine method (in which secretory granules fuse with the plasma membrane), it is obviously essential to have some way of reducing the area …

membrane transport
<cell biology> The transfer of a substance from one side of a plasma membrane to the other, in a specific direction and at a rate faster than diffusion alone. ... See: active transport. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

membrane vesicle
<cell biology> Closed unilamellar shells formed from membranes either in physiological transport processes or else when membranes are mechanically disrupted. They form spontaneously when membrane is broken because the free ends of a lipid bilayer are highly unstable. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

membrane zippering
Synonym for zippering ... <cell biology> Process suggested to occur in phagocytosis in which the membrane of the phagocyte covers the particle by a progressive adhesive interaction. The evidence for such a mechanism comes from experiments in which capped B-cells are only partially internalised, whereas those with a uniform opsonising coat of a …

membranectomy
<procedure> Removal of the membranes of a subdural haematoma. ... Origin: membrane + G. Ektome, excision ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

membranelle
A minute membrane formed of fused cilia, found in certain ciliate protozoa. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

membranes
Thin layers of tissue which cover parts of the body, separate adjacent cavities, or connect adjacent structures. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

membranes, artificial
Artificially produced membranes, such as semipermeable membranes used in artificial kidney dialysis, monomolecular and bimolecular membranes used as models to simulate biological membranes. These membranes are also used in the process of guided tissue regeneration. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

membraniform
Of the appearance or character of a membrane. ... Synonym: membranoid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

membranocartilaginous
1. Partly membranous and partly cartilaginous. ... 2. Derived from both a mesenchymal membrane and cartilage; denoting certain bones. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

membranoid
Synonym for membraniform ... Of the appearance or character of a membrane. ... Synonym: membranoid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

membranous
Having a thin, soft, pliable texture. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

membranous ampulla
Synonym for ampulla of the semicircular ducts ... A nearly spherical enlargement of one end of each of the three semicircular ducts, anterior, posterior, and lateral, where they connect with the utricle. Each contains a neuroepithelial crista ampullaris. ... Synonym: ampulla membranacea, membranous ampulla. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

membranous cataract
A secondary cataract composed of the remains of the thickened capsule and degenerated lens fibres. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

membranous cochlea
Synonym for cochlear duct ... Spiral tube in the bony canal of the cochlea, lying on its outer wall between the scala vestibuli and scala tympani. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

membranous conjunctivitis
Synonym for diphtheritic conjunctivitis ... A severe conjunctival inflammation caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae and characterised by an infiltrating membrane which on removal leaves a raw surface. ... Synonym: membranous conjunctivitis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

membranous dysmenorrhoea
Dysmenorrhoea accompanied by an exfoliation of the menstrual decidua. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

membranous glomerulonephritis
<pathology> A kidney disease that occurs due to inflammation of the kidney glomerulus and its basement membrane. ... The exact cause is unknown but it appears to be related to the deposition of immune complexes in the basement membrane leading to thickening of the capillary walls. This disorder is a common cause of nephrotic syndrome an is usu …

membranous labyrinth
A complex arrangement of communicating membranous canaliculi and sacs, filled with endolymph and surrounded by perilymph, suspended within the cavity of the bony labyrinth; its chief divisions are the cochlear labyrinth and the vestibular labyrinth. ... Synonym: labyrinthus membranaceus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

membranous laryngitis
A form in which there is a pseudomembranous exudate on the vocal cords. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

membranous layer
Synonym for membranous lamina of cartilaginous auditory tube ... The connective tissue membrane that, with the lateral lamina, completes the lateral and inferior walls of the cartilaginous part of the auditory tube. ... Synonym: lamina membranacea cartilaginis tubae auditivae, membranous layer. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

membranous lipodystrophy
A rare metabolic disease in which bone marrow fat cells are transformed into thick convoluted PAS-staining membranes enclosing weakly osmophilic material; leads to progressive cystic resorption of limb bones and dementia with sudanophilic leukodystrophy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

membranous nephropathy
Synonym for membranous glomerulonephritis ... <pathology> A kidney disease that occurs due to inflammation of the kidney glomerulus and its basement membrane. ... The exact cause is unknown but it appears to be related to the deposition of immune complexes in the basement membrane leading to thickening of the capillary walls. This disorder is a …

membranous neurocranium
The vault of the embryonic skull which is ossified in membrane. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

membranous ossification
Intramembranous ossification, development of osseous tissue within mesenchymal tissue without prior cartilage formation, such as occurs in the frontal and parietal bones. ... Synonym: intramembranous ossification. ... Metaplastic ossification, the formation of irregular foci of bone (sometimes including bone marrow) in various soft structures, such a …

membranous part of male urethra
The portion of the male urethra, about 1 cm in length, extending from the prostate to the beginning of the urethra in the corpus spongiosum just beyond the bulb. ... Synonym: pars membranacea urethrae masculinae, membranous urethra. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

membranous part of nasal septum
The small portion of the nasal septum anterior to the portion supported by the cartilage of the nasal septum. ... Synonym: pars membranacea septi nasi, membranous septum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

membranous pharyngitis
Inflammation accompanied by a fibrinous exudate, forming a nondiphtheritic false membrane. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

membranous septum
Synonym for membranous part of nasal septum ... The small portion of the nasal septum anterior to the portion supported by the cartilage of the nasal septum. ... Synonym: pars membranacea septi nasi, membranous septum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

membranous urethra
Synonym for membranous part of male urethra ... The portion of the male urethra, about 1 cm in length, extending from the prostate to the beginning of the urethra in the corpus spongiosum just beyond the bulb. ... Synonym: pars membranacea urethrae masculinae, membranous urethra. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

membranous wall of middle ear
Synonym for lateral wall of tympanic cavity ... The wall formed mainly by the tympanic membrane. ... Synonym: paries membranaceus cavi tympani, lateral wall of middle ear, membranous wall of middle ear. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

membranous wall of trachea
The part of the tracheal wall posteriorly that is not reinforced by tracheal cartilages. ... Synonym: paries membranaceus tracheae. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

membrum
A limb; a member. ... Origin: L. Member ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

membrum inferius
Synonym for lower limb ... The hip, thigh, leg, ankle, and foot. ... Synonym: membrum inferius, inferior limb, lower extremity, pelvic limb. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

membrum muliebre
An obsolete term for clitoris. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

membrum superius
Synonym for upper limb ... The shoulder, arm, forearm, wrist, and hand. ... Synonym: membrum superius, superior limb, thoracic limb, upper extremity. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

membrum virile
Synonym for penis ... <anatomy> The male organ of copulation and of urinary excretion, comprising a root, body and extremity or glans penis. The root is attached to the descending portions of the pubic bone by the crura, the latter being the extremities of the corpora cavernosa and beneath them the corpus spongiosum, through which the urethra …

memoir
1. <psychology> A memorial account; a history composed from personal experience and memory; an account of transactions or events (usually written in familiar style) as they are remembered by the writer. ... 2. A memorial of any individual; a biography; often, a biography written without special regard to method and completeness. ... 3. An accou …

memory
Complex mental function having four distinct phases: (1) memorizing or learning, (2) retention, (3) recall, and (4) recognition. Clinically, it is usually subdivided into immediate, recent, and remote memory. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

memory cell
<immunology> Cells of the immune system that do not respond immediately when it first encounters an antigen but facilitates the more rapid secondary response when the antigen is encountered on a subsequent occasion. ... The long lasting immune memory is humoral and resides in B-cells, although it appears that persistence of the antigen may be …

memory disorder
Disturbances in registering an impression, in the retention of an acquired impression or in the recall of an impression. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

memory loop
An electronic device for retrieving data that had been stored and/or displayed upon the oscilloscope at an earlier time; used for reviewing electrical events immediately preceding a specific disturbance. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

memory span
The maximum number of items recalled after a single presentation (auditory or visual). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

memory T-cell
A T-cell that bears receptors for a specific foreign antigen encountered during a prior infection or vaccination. After an infection or a vaccination, some of the T-cells that participated in the response remain as memory T-cells, which can rapidly mobilize and clone themselves should the same antigen be re-encountered during a second infection at …

memory trace
See: engram. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

memotine hydrochloride
3,4-Dihydro-1-[(p-methoxyphenoxy)methyl]isoquinoline hydrochloride;an antiviral drug. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

men
Human adult males as cultural, psychological, sociological, political, and economic entities. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

menacme
The period of menstrual activity in a woman's life. ... Origin: G. Men, month, + akme, prime ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

menadiol diacetate
2-Methyl-1,4-naphthohydroquinone diacetate;menadiol acetylated at both OH groups; a prothrombogenic vitamin. ... Synonym: acetomenaphthone, vitamin K4. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

menadiol sodium diphosphate
Tetrasodium 2-methyl-1,4-naphthalenediol-bis(dihydrogen phosphate);a dihydro derivative of menadione, with similar vitamin K activity. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

menadione
A fat soluble vitamin that plays an important role in blood clotting. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

menadione alkyltransferase
<enzyme> Catalyses the transfer of an alkyl group from an alkylpyrophosphate to a position ortho to one of the keto groups of menadione ... Registry number: EC 2.5.1.- ... Synonym: menadione farnesyltransferase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

menadione reductase
nADPH dehydrogenase (quinone) ...

menadione sodium bisulfite
It possesses the same action and is used for the same purposes as menadione or vitamin K; it differs, however, from menadione in being water-soluble. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

menaphthone
Synonym for menadione ... A fat soluble vitamin that plays an important role in blood clotting. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

menaquinol oxidase
<enzyme> Contains cytochrome aa3 ... Registry number: EC 1.10.2.- ... Synonym: mkh2 oxidase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

menaquinone
Synonym for menadione ... A fat soluble vitamin that plays an important role in blood clotting. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

menaquinone-6
Hexaprenylmenaquinone; prenylmenaquinone-6; 2-methyl-3-hexaprenyl-1,4-naphthoquinone;isolated from putrified fish meal; potency is about 60% of that of phylloquinone (vitamin K1). ... Synonym: farnoquinone, vitamin K2, vitamin K2(30). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

menaquinone-7
Menaquinone-6 with a 3-heptaprenyl side chain. ... Synonym: vitamin K2(35). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

menarche
<gynaecology> The establishment or beginning of the menstrual function. ... Origin: Gr. Men = month, arch = beginning ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

menarchial
Pertaining to the menarche. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

mend
1. To repair, as anything that is torn, broken, defaced, decayed, or the like; to restore from partial decay, injury, or defacement; to patch up; to put in shape or order again; to re-create; as, to mend a garment or a machine. ... 2. To alter for the better; to set right; to reform; hence, to quicken; as, to mend one's manners or pace. 'The best se …

Mendel-Bechterew reflex
Synonym for Bechterew-Mendel reflex ... Percussion of the dorsum of the foot causes flexion of the toes; present in a pyramidal lesion. ... Synonym: dorsum pedis reflex, Mendel-Bechterew reflex. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Mendel, Gregor
<person> Austrian geneticist, 1822-1884. ... See: mendelian character, mendelian inheritance, mendelian ratio, Mendel's first law, Mendel's second law. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Mendel, Gregor Johann
<person> An Austrian monk and botanist. His breeding experiments on garden peas and subsequent formulation of the laws of heredity formed the basis for the field of genetics. ... Lived: 1822-1884. ... (13 Nov 1997) ...

Mendel, Kurt
<person> German neurologist, 1874-1946. ... See: Mendel's instep reflex, Bechterew-Mendel reflex. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Mendel's first law
Synonym for law of segregation ... Factors that affect development retain their individuality from generation to generation, do not become contaminated when mixed in a hybrid, and become sorted out from one another when the next generation of gametes is formed. ... Synonym: Mendel's first law. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Mendel's instep reflex
The foot being firmly supported on its inner side, a sharp tap on the dorsal tendons causes extension of the second to the fifth toes. ... Synonym: back of foot reflex, dorsum of foot reflex. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Mendel's laws
<genetics> The two basic principles of genetics proposed by Gregor Mendel. ... The law of segregation, which states that the alleles governing a trait are separated during the creation of gametes (meiosis). ... The law of independent assortment, which states that the genes controlling different traits are distributed separately from each other …

Mendel's second law
Synonym for law of independent assortment ... Different hereditary factors assort independently when the gametes are formed; traits at linked loci are an exception. ... Synonym: Mendel's second law. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Mendeleeff, Dimitri
<person> Russian chemist, 1834-1907. ... See: mendelevium, Mendeleeff's law. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Mendeleeff's law
The properties of elements are periodical functions of their atomic weights; i.e., if the elements are arranged in the order of their atomic weights, every element in the series will be related in respect to its properties to the eighth in order before or after it. ... Synonym: periodic law. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

mendelevium
<chemical> Mendelevium. A man-made radioactive element of the actinide family with atomic symbol md, atomic number 101, and atomic weight 258. ... Chemical name: Mendelevium ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

mendelian
Referring to the Austrian monk Gregor Mendel (1822-84) who formulated laws forming the foundation of classical genetics. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

mendelian character
An inherited character under the control of a single locus (although perhaps modified by genes at other loci). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

mendelian genetics
The study of the pattern of segregation of phenotypes under the control of genetic loci taken one at a time. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Mendelian inheritance
<genetics> Inheritance of characters according to the classical laws formulated by Gregor Mendel, which give the classic ratios of segregation in the F2 generation. In sexually reproducing organisms, any process of heredity explicable in terms of chromosomal segregation, independent assortment and homologous exchange. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

Mendelian Inheritance in Man
A standard, comprehensive, perpetually updated reference source for traits in humans that have been shown to be mendelian or that are thought on reasonable grounds to be so. Each entry has a six-digit catalog number. Those securely established (by molecular biology or by extensive clinical studies) are marked with an asterisk. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

mendelian ratio
The ratio of progeny with a particular phenotypes or genotypes expected in accordance with Mendel's law among the offspring of matings specified as to genotype or phenotype. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

mendelian trait
A categorical trait that segregates in accordance with a single-locus genetic system. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

mendelism
The hereditary principles of unilocal traits derived from Mendel's laws. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

mendelizing
Denoting a pattern of inheritance of a trait that corresponds phenotypically to the segregation of known or putative genes at one genetic locus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...