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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

medulla of hair shaft
The central axis of some hairs, containing a column of large vacuolated and keratinised cells; the medullary portion is surrounded by the cortex. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

medulla of kidney
Synonym for renal medulla ... The centre portion of the kidney. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

medulla of lymph node
The central portion of a node consisting of cordlike masses of lymphocytes, plasma cells, and macrophages in a stroma of reticular fibres separated by lymph sinuses; it reaches the surface of the node at the hilum. ... Synonym: medulla nodi lymphatici. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

medulla ossium
Synonym for bone marrow ... <haematology> The soft, spongy tissue found in the centre of most large bones that produces the cellular components of blood: white cells, red cells and platelets (haemopoiesis). It is also the most radiation sensitive tissue of the body. ... (12 May 1997) ...

medulla ossium flava
Synonym for yellow bone marrow ... Bone marrow in which the meshes of the reticular network are filled with fat. ... Synonym: medulla ossium flava. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

medulla ossium rubra
Synonym for red bone marrow ... Bone marrow in which the meshes contain the developmental stages of erythrocytes, leukocytes, and megakaryocytes. ... Synonym: medulla ossium rubra. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

medulla renalis
Synonym for renal medulla ... The centre portion of the kidney. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

medulla spinalis
Synonym for spinal cord ... <anatomy> Elongated, approximately cylindrical part of the central nervous system of vertebrates that lies in the vertebral canal and from which the spinal nerves emerge. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

medullar
Synonym for medullary ... <anatomy> Pertaining to the marrow or to any medulla, resembling marrow. ... Origin: L. Medullaris ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

medullary
<anatomy> Pertaining to the marrow or to any medulla, resembling marrow. ... Origin: L. Medullaris ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

medullary arteries of brain
Branches of the cortical artery's which penetrate to and supply the white matter of the cerebrum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

medullary bone
Areas of bone formation present in the marrow spaces of the long bone's of birds, which serve as a readily mobilised source of calcium for shell formation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

medullary callus
Synonym for central callus ... The callus within the medullary cavity of a fractured bone. ... Synonym: medullary callus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

medullary carcinoma
<tumour> A malignant neoplasm, comparatively soft and brainlike in consistency, that consists chiefly of neoplastic epithelial cells, with only a scant amount of fibrous stroma. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

medullary cavity
The marrow cavity in the shaft of a long bone. ... Synonym: cavitas medullaris, cavum medullare. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

medullary centre
Synonym for centrum semiovale ... The great mass of white matter composing the interior of the cerebral hemisphere; the name refers to the general shape of this white core in horizontal sections of the hemisphere. ... Synonym: centrum medullare, centrum ovale, medullary centre, semioval centre, Vicq d'Azyr's centrum semiovale, Vieussens' centrum. ... …

medullary chemoreceptor
The chemoreceptor's in or near the ventrolateral surface of the medulla that are stimulated by local acidity. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

medullary cone
The tapering lower extremity of the spinal cord. ... Synonym: conus medullaris. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

medullary cords
Cord's of dense lymphoid tissue between the sinuses in the medulla of a lymph node. ... Synonym: lymph cords. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

medullary cystic disease
<disease> A rare hereditary kidney disease characterised by the gradual loss of kidney function due to the presence of cysts in the renal medulla. ... Symptoms include high urine output (cannot concentrate the urine), weakness, weight loss, nocturia, fatigue and headache. There is no cure and usually progresses from chronic renal failure to en …

medullary cystic kidney disease
<radiology> Mode of inheritance uncertain, usually affects young adults (early 20s), associated with red or blond hair (!!), causes salt wasting, polyuria, azotaemia, affects both kidneys, with progressive disease patients need dialysis or transplant ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

medullary folds
Synonym: neural folds. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

medullary groove
Synonym for neural groove ... The gutter-like groove formed in the midline of the embryo's dorsal surface by the progressive elevation of the lateral margins of the neural plate; the ultimate dorsal fusion of the margins results in the formation of the neural tube. ... Synonym: medullary groove. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

medullary laminae of thalamus
Layers of myelinated fibres that appear on transverse sections of the thalamus; the lamina medullaris externa marks the ventral and lateral borders of the thalamus and delimits it from the subthalamus and reticular nucleus of thalamus; the lamina medullaris interna is interposed between the mediodorsal and ventral nuclei of the thalamus and enclose …

medullary layers of thalamus
Synonym for medullary laminae of thalamus ... Layers of myelinated fibres that appear on transverse sections of the thalamus; the lamina medullaris externa marks the ventral and lateral borders of the thalamus and delimits it from the subthalamus and reticular nucleus of thalamus; the lamina medullaris interna is interposed between the mediodorsal a …

medullary nephrocalcinosis
<radiology> Primary hyperparathyroidism, renal tubular acidosis more than 70%, medullary sponge kidney, hypercalcaemia, hypercalcuria, sarcoidosis, bony metastases, Paget's disease, hypervitaminosis D, milk-alkali syndrome, Williams syndrome (in kids), idiopathic, oxalosis (with or without completely opaque kidneys; younger age) see also: ren …

medullary plate
Synonym for neural plate ... <embryology> A region of embryonic ectodermal cells, called neuroectoderm, that lie directly above the notochord. ... During neurulation, they change shape, so as to produce an infolding of the neural plate (the neural fold) that then seals to form the neural tube. ... (04 Jul 1999) ...

medullary pyramid
Synonym for renal pyramid ... One of a number of pyramidal masses seen on longitudinal section of the kidney; collectively, they constitute the renal medulla, and contain part of the secreting tubules and the collecting tubules. ... Synonym: pyramis renalis, malpighian pyramid, medullary pyramid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

medullary ray
The centre of the renal lobule, which has the shape of a small, steep pyramid, consisting of straight tubular parts; these may be either ascending or descending limbs of the nephronic loop or collecting tubules. ... Synonym: pars radiata lobuli corticalis renis, Ferrein's pyramid, processus ferreini. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

medullary sarcoma
<tumour> A soft, extremely vascular sarcoma. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

medullary sheath
Synonym for myelin sheath ... <anatomy, neurology> An insulating layer surrounding vertebrate peripheral neurons, that dramatically increases the speed of conduction. It is formed by specialised Schwann cells, that can wrap around neurons up to 50 times. The exposed areas are called nodes of Ranvier: they contain very high densities of sodium …

medullary space
The central cavity and the cellular intervals between the trabeculae of bone, filled with marrow. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

medullary spinal arteries
A large caliber spinal or radicular artery which courses centrally along a dorsal or ventral root, perhaps supplying it and the surrounding meninges in the fashion of any spinal/radicular artery, but which continues on to reach and anastomose with the anterior or posterior (longitudinal) spinal artery. Only 4-9 of the spinal arteries are medullary …

medullary sponge kidney
<radiology> Renal tubular ectasia, dilatation and cyst formation of collecting tubules in renal pyramids, Calcium most likely to be medullary nephrocalcinosis, not hereditary; males (2:1), usually bilateral associated with, renal tubular acidosis (RTA), Caroli disease, parathyroid adenoma, hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome …

medullary stria of thalamus
A narrow, compact fibre bundle that extends along the line of attachment of the roof of the third ventricle to the thalamus on each side and terminates posteriorly in the habenular nucleus. It is composed of fibres originating in the septal area, the anterior perforated substance, the lateral preoptic nucleus, and the medial segment of the globus p …

medullary substance
The lipid material present in the myelin sheath of nerve fibres. ... Synonym: Schwann's white substance. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

medullary teniae
Synonym for medullary striae of fourth ventricle ... Slender fascicles of fibres extending transversally below the ependymal floor of the ventricle from the median sulcus to enter the inferior cerebellar peduncle. They arise from the arcuate nuclei on the ventral surface of the medullary pyramid. ... Synonym: striae medullares ventriculi quarti, acou …

medullary tube
Synonym for neural tube ... <embryology> The progenitor of the central nervous system. ... See: neural plate, neurulation. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

medullated nerve fibre
Synonym for myelinated nerve fibre ... An axon enveloped by a myelin sheath formed by oligodendroglia cells (in brain and spinal cord) or Schwann cells (in peripheral nerves). ... Synonym: medullated nerve fibre. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

medullation
1. Acquiring, or the act of formation of, marrow or medulla. ... Synonym: myelination. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

medullectomy
<procedure> Excision of any medullary substance. ... Origin: medulla + G. Ektome, excision ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

medullization
Enlargement of the medullary spaces in rarefying osteitis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

medullo-
Medulla. ... Compare: myel-. ... Origin: L. Medulla ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

medulloarthritis
Inflammation of the cancellous articular extremity of a long bone. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

medulloblastoma
<oncology, tumour> This primary brain tumour is the most common brain tumour in children and occurs more frequently in boys than girls. These tumours can spread along the spinal cord. ... Symptoms include ataxia, headache, vomiting and lethargy. Treatment often involves a combination of surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy. Approximatel …

medullocell
Synonym for myelocyte ... A motile cell produced by and found in the bone marrow which develops intogranular leukocytes. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

medulloepithelioma
<tumour> A rare, primitive, rapidly growing intracranial neoplasm thought to originate from the cells of the embryonic medullary canal and hence included with ependymoblastomas by some neuropathologists; ganglion cells and astrocyte maturation have also been reported. Tumours that occur in the ciliary body are referred to as embryonal medullo …

medullomyoblastoma
<tumour> A rare histologic variant of medulloblastoma with scattered smooth and striated muscle cells incorporated into the neoplasm. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

medusa
1. The Gorgon; or one of the Gorgons whose hair was changed into serpents, after which all who looked upon her were turned into stone. ... <zoology> Any free swimming acaleph; a jellyfish. ... The larger medusae belong to the Discophora, and are sometimes called covered-eyed medusae; others, known as naked-eyed medusae, belong to the Hydroidea, …

Medusa head
Synonym for caput medusae ... Varicose veins radiating from the umbilicus, seen in the Cruveilhier-Baumgarten syndrome, dilated ciliary arteries girdling the corneoscleral limbus in rubeosis iridis. ... Synonym: Medusa head. ... Origin: Medusa, G. Myth. Char. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Meeh
K., 19th century German physiologist. ... See: Meeh formula, Meeh-Dubois formula. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Meeh formula
Synonym for Meeh-Dubois formula ... A formula for predicting surface area, assuming that it is proportional to the 2/3 power of the body weight. ... Synonym: Meeh formula. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Meeh-Dubois formula
A formula for predicting surface area, assuming that it is proportional to the 2/3 power of the body weight. ... Synonym: Meeh formula. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

meerschaum
1. <chemical> A fine white claylike mineral, soft, and light enough when in dry masses to float in water. It is a hydrous silicate of magnesia, and is obtained chiefly in Asia Minor. It is manufacturd into tobacco pipes, cigar holders, etc. Also called sepiolite. ... 2. A tobacco pipe made of this mineral. ... Origin: G, lit, sea foam; meer sea …

Mees
R.A., 20th century Dutch physician. ... See: Mees' lines, Mees' stripes. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Mees' lines
Horizontal white bands of the nails seen in chronic arsenical poisoning, and occasionally in leprosy. ... Synonym: Mees' stripes. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Mees' stripes
Synonym for Mees' lines ... Horizontal white bands of the nails seen in chronic arsenical poisoning, and occasionally in leprosy. ... Synonym: Mees' stripes. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Meesman
A., German ophthalmologist, 1888-1969. ... See: Meesman dystrophy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Meesman dystrophy
Synonym for juvenile epithelial corneal dystrophy ... Epithelial dystrophy characterised by progressive cysts and opacities of the corneal epithelium, with onset in infancy. ... Inheritance: autosomal dominant with incomplete penetrance. ... Synonym: Meesman dystrophy. ... (22 Sep 2002) ...

meeting
1. A coming together; an assembling; as, the meeting of Congress. ... 2. A junction, crossing, or union; as, the meeting of the roads or of two rivers. ... 3. A congregation; a collection of people; a convention; as, a large meeting; an harmonius meeting. ... 4. An assembly for worship; as, to attend meeting on Sunday; in England, applied distinctivel …

meeting report
A published record of the presentations at a meeting of a society, association, or similar body or of transactions at a symposium, colloquium, seminar, workshop, round table, conference, or congress. Mere notification of the date and place of the meeting is not within the scope of this publication type. It is to be used, rather, for the proceedings …

mefenamic acid
<chemical> A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent used in painful and inflammatory conditions, and in menstrual disorders. It has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties; it is an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase. ... Pharmacological action: non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, cyclooxygenase inhibitors. ... Chemical name: Benzo …

mefenorex hydrochloride
N-(3-Chloropropyl)-alpha-methylphenethylamine hydrochloride;a sympathomimetic drug with anorexic activity. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

mefexamide
N-[2-Diethylamino)ethyl]-2-(p-methoxyphenoxy)acetamide;an antidepressant. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

mefloquine
<chemical> Alpha-2-piperidinyl-2,8-bis (trifluoromethyl)-4-quinolinemethanol. A phospholipid-interacting antimalarial drug. It is very effective against plasmodium falciparum with very few side effects. ... Pharmacological action: antimalarials. ... Chemical name: 4-Quinolinemethanol, alpha-2-piperidinyl-2,8-bis(trifluoromethyl)-, (R*,S*)-(+-)- …

mefruside
<chemical> 4-chloro-n(1)-methyl-n(1)-(tetrahydro-2-methylfurfuryl)-m-benzenedisulfonamide. A diuretic that affects the concentrating ability of the kidney, increases sodium chloride excretion, but may not spare potassium. It inhibits carbonic anhydrases and may increase the blood uric acid level. ... Pharmacological action: carbonic anhydrase …

MEG
<abbreviation> Magnetoencephalogram. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

mega-
<physics, prefix> Metric prefix indicating 1,000,000 times a given quantity. For example, a megawatt is 1,000,000 watts. ... (29 Oct 1998) ...

mega-oesophagus
<radiology> Achalasia, Chagas disease, idiopathic pseudo-obstruction, amyloidosis, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, presbyesophagus (uncommon), oesophageal dysmotility (usually mild to moderate dilatation) ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

megabacterium
A bacterium of unusually large size. ... Synonym: macrobacterium. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

megabase
<molecular biology, unit> Unit of length for DNA fragmentsequal to 1million nucleotides androughly equal to 1 cM. ... (29 Oct 1998) ...

megabase cloning
<molecular biology> The cloning of very large DNA fragments. ... (29 Oct 1998) ...

megacalycosis
1. Congenital, nonobstructive enlargement of renal calices. ... 2. Excessively large number of calices. ... Origin: mega-+ G. Kalyx, cup of a flower, + -osis, condition ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

megacardia
Synonym for cardiomegaly ... <cardiology, clinical sign> Cardiac hypertrophy. ... Origin: Gr. Megas = large ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

megacaryoblast
Synonym for megakaryoblast ... The precursor of a megakaryocyte. ... Synonym: megacaryoblast. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

megacaryocyte
Synonym for megakaryocyte ... <haematology> Giant polyploid cell of bone marrow that gives rise to 3-4,000 platelets. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

megacephalia
Synonym for megacephaly ... A condition, either congenital or acquired, in which the head is abnormally large; usually applied to an adult skull with a capacity of over 1450 ml. ... Synonym: leontiasis ossea, macrocephaly, macrocephalia, megacephalia, megalocephaly, megalocephalia, Virchow's disease. ... Origin: mega-+ G. Kephale, head ... (05 Mar 2000 …

megacephaly
A condition, either congenital or acquired, in which the head is abnormally large; usually applied to an adult skull with a capacity of over 1450 ml. ... Synonym: leontiasis ossea, macrocephaly, macrocephalia, megacephalia, megalocephaly, megalocephalia, Virchow's disease. ... Origin: mega-+ G. Kephale, head ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

megacins
Bacteriocins elaborated by mutant strains of bacillus megaterium. They are protein or protein-lipopolysaccharide complexes lethal to other strains of the same species. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

megacoccus
A coccus of unusually large size. ... Synonym: macrococcus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

megacolon
An abnormally large or dilated colon, the condition may be congenital or acquired, acute or chronic. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

megacolon, toxic
Acute dilatation of the colon associated with amebic or ulcerative colitis. The dilatation may precede perforation of the colon. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

megacycle
One million cycles per second. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

megacystic syndrome
<syndrome> A combination of a large smooth thin-walled bladder, vesicoureteral regurgitation, and dilated ureters. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

megacystis
Pathologically large bladder in children. ... Synonym: megalocystis. ... Origin: mega-+ kystis, bladder ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

megacystitis-megaureter syndrome
<syndrome> Radiologic findings of a large capacity, thin-walled bladder and massive vesicoureteral reflux, without obstruction or underlying neuropathy or dysfunctional voiding. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

megadactyly
Condition characterised by enlargement of one or more digits (fingers or toes). ... Synonym: dactylomegaly, macrodactylia, macrodactylism, macrodactyly, megalodactylia, megalodactylism, megalodactyly. ... Origin: mega-+ G. Daktylos, digit ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

megadolichocolon
Excessive length and dilation of colon. ... Origin: mega-+ G. Dolichos, long, + kolon, colon ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

megadont
Synonym: macrodont. ... Origin: mega-+ G. Odous (odont-), tooth ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

megadontism
Synonym for macrodontia ... Macrodontism ... The state of having abnormally large teeth. ... Synonym: megadontism, megalodontia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

megadosing
Medical treatment with very large doses of a nontoxic substance, usually a vitamin. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

megaesophagus
Great enlargement of the lower portion of the oesophagus, as seen in patients with achalasia and Chagas' disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

megagamete
Synonym for macrogamete ... The female element in anisogamy; it is the larger of the two sex cells, with more reserve material, and usually nonmotile. ... Synonym: megagamete. ... Origin: macro-+ G. Gamete, wife ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

megagametophyte
A plant body or cell lineage, formed by vegetative growth of the megaspore, that produces the female gametes of a heterosporous plant. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

megagnathia
Synonym for macrognathia ... Enlargement or elongation of the jaw. ... Synonym: megagnathia. ... Origin: macro-+ G. Gnathos, jaw ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

megahertz
One million hertz. ... Abbreviation: MHz ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

megakaryoblast
The precursor of a megakaryocyte. ... Synonym: megacaryoblast. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

megakaryocyte
<haematology> Giant polyploid cell of bone marrow that gives rise to 3-4,000 platelets. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

megakaryocytes
Very large bone marrow cells which release mature blood platelets. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

megakaryocytic leukaemia
An unusual form of myelopoietic disease that is characterised by a seemingly uncontrolled proliferation of megakaryocytes in the bone marrow, and sometimes by the presence of a considerable number of megakaryocytes in the circulating blood. When bone marrow is examined at various intervals in some instances of chronic myelocytic leukaemia, the prol …