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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

turpentine spirit
Synonym for turpentine oil ... A volatile oil, distilled from turpentine, that has been used as a diuretic, carminative, vermifuge, expectorant, rubefacient, and counterirritant. ... Synonym: oleum terebinthinae, turpentine spirit. ... Rectified turpentine oil, obtained by treating turpentine oil with sodium hydroxide, and redistilling; used externall …

turpeth
1. <botany> The root of Ipomoea Turpethum, a plant of Ceylon, Malabar, and Australia, formerly used in medicine as a purgative; sometimes called vegetable turpeth. ... 2. <chemistry> A heavy yellow powder, Hg3O2SO4, which consists of a basic mercuric sulphate; called also turpeth mineral. ... Origin: NL. Turpethum, fr. Per. Tirbid a catha …

turps
Popular name for turpentine oil. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

turquois
<chemical> A hydrous phosphate of alumina containing a little copper; calaite. It has a blue, or bluish green, colour, and usually occurs in reniform masses with a botryoidal surface. [Formerly written also turcois, and turkois. ... Turquoise is susceptible of a high polish, and when of a bright blue colour is much esteemed as a gem. The fines …

turricephaly
Synonym: oxycephaly. ... Origin: L. Turris, tower, + G. Kephale, head ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

turtle
<zoology> The turtledove. ... Origin: AS. Turtle, L. Turtur; probably of imitative origin. Cf. Turtle the sea tortoise. ... 1. <zoology> Any one of the numerous species of Testudinata, especially a sea turtle, or chelonian. ... In the United States the land and fresh water tortoises are also called turtles. ... 2. The curved plate in which …

turtledove
1. <zoology> Any one of numerous species of pigeons belonging to Turtur and allied genera, native of various parts of the Old World; especially, the common European species (Turtur vulgaris), which is noted for its plaintive note, affectionate disposition, and devotion to its mate. ... The South African turtledove (T. Albiventris), and the ash …

turunda
A surgical tent, gauze drain, or tampon. ... Origin: L. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

tuscan
Of or pertaining to Tuscany in Italy; specifically designating one of the five orders of architecture recognised and described by the Italian writers of the 16th century, or characteristic of the order. The original of this order was not used by the Greeks, but by the Romans under the Empire. See Order, and Illust. Of Capital. ... Origin: L. Tyscanu …

tush
Tusk ... A canine tooth in the horse, pig, or musk-deer; an incisor in the elephant and walrus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

tusk
<zoology> Same as Torsk. ... 1. <zoology> One of the elongated incisor or canine teeth of the wild boar, elephant, etc.; hence, any long, protruding tooth. ... 2. <zoology> A toothshell, or Dentalium; called also tusk-shell. ... 3. A projecting member like a tenon, and serving the same or a similar purpose, but composed of several st …

tussal
Synonym for tussive ... Relating to a cough. ... Synonym: tussal, tussicular. ... Origin: L. Tussis, a cough ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

tussicular
Synonym: tussive. ... Origin: L. Tussicularis, fr. Tussicula, a slight cough, dim. Of tussis, cough ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

tussiculation
A hacking cough. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

tussigenic
Causing cough. ... Origin: L. Tussis, cough, + -gen, producing ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

tussis
A cough. ... Origin: L. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

tussive
Relating to a cough. ... Synonym: tussal, tussicular. ... Origin: L. Tussis, a cough ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

tussive fremitus
A form of fremitus similar to the vocal, produced by a cough. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

tussive syncope
Fainting as a result of a coughing spell, caused by persistent increased intrathoracic pressure diminishing venous return to the heart, thus lowering cardiac output; most often occurs in heavy-set male smokers who have chronic bronchitis. ... Synonym: Charcot's vertigo, laryngeal vertigo. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

tussock
1. A tuft, as of grass, twigs, hair, or the like; especially, a dense tuft or bunch of grass or sedge. 'Such laying of the hair in tussocks and tufts.' (Latimer) ... 2. <botany> Same as Tussock grass, below. ... 3. <zoology> A caterpillar of any one of numerous species of bombycid moths. The body of these caterpillars is covered with hair …

tutamen
Any defensive or protective structure. ... Origin: L. Protection ... Tutamina cerebri, the scalp, cranium, and cerebral meninges. ... Tutamina oculi, the eyebrows, eyelids, and eyelashes. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Tuttle, James
<person> U.S. Surgeon, 1857-1913. ... See: Tuttle's proctoscope. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

TUU
<abbreviation> Transureteroureterostomy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

TVG
<abbreviation> Time-varied gain. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

twain
Two;- nearly obsolete in common discourse, but used in poetry and burlesque. 'Children twain.' 'And whosoever shall compel thee to go a mile, go with him twain.' (Matt. V. 41) In twain, in halves; into two parts; asunder. 'When old winder split the rocks in twain.' (Dryden) Twain cloud. ... <astronomy> Same as Cumulo-stratus. ... Origin: OE. Tw …

Tweed edgewise treatment
See: edgewise appliance. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Tweed triangle
A triangle defined by facial and dental landmarks on a lateral cephalometric film, using the Frankfort horizontal plane as a base and intended for use as a guide in the evaluation and planning of orthodontic treatment. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Tweed, Charles
<person> U.S. Orthodontist, 1895-1970. ... See: Tweed edgewise treatment, Tweed triangle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

tweezers
An instrument with pincers that are squeezed together to grasp or extract fine structures. ... Origin: A.S. Twisel, fork ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

twelfth cranial nerve
Synonym for hypoglossal nerve ... <anatomy, nerve> The hypoglossal nerve enervates the muscles of the tongue. ... Lesions of the twelfth cranial nerve result in deviation of the tongue toward the paralysed side and thick speech. ... Synonym: cranial nerve XII. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

twelfth-year molar
The second permanent molar tooth. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

twenty-nail dystrophy
Longitudinal ridging of all of the nails; seen in alopecia areata and lichen planus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

twice
1. Two times; once and again. 'He twice essayed to cast his son in gold.' (Dryden) ... 2. Doubly; in twofold quantity or degree; as, twice the sum; he is twice as fortunate as his neighbor. ... Twice is used in the formation of compounds, mostly self-explaining; as, twice-horn, twice-conquered, twice-planted, twice-told, and the like. ... Origin: OE. …

twiddler's syndrome
<syndrome> Condition in which a cardiac pacemaker wire is pulled out of position in the heart with rotation of the subcutaneous pacemaker by the patient's 'twiddling.' ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

twig
<botany> A small shoot or branch of a tree or other plant. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

twilight
1. The light perceived before the rising, and after the setting, of the sun, or when the sun is less than 18 deg below the horizon, occasioned by the illumination of the earth's atmosphere by the direct rays of the sun and their reflection on the earth. ... 2. Faint light; a dubious or uncertain medium through which anything is viewed. 'As when the …

twilight sleep
Formerly a method of producing sleep for delivery by a combination of morphine and scopolamine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

twilight state
A condition of disordered consciousness during which actions may be performed without the conscious volition of the individual and with no memory of such actions. ... Compare: somnambulic epilepsy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

twilight vision
Synonym for scotopic vision ... Vision when the eye is dark-adapted. ... See: dark adaptation, dark-adapted eye. ... Synonym: night vision, rod vision, scotopia, twilight vision. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

twin
1. Being one of two born at a birth; as, a twin brother or sister. ... 2. Being one of a pair much resembling one another; standing the relation of a twin to something else; often followed by to or with. ... 3. <botany> Double; consisting of two similar and corresponding parts. ... 4. <chemistry> Composed of parts united according to some …

twin cone
Two retinal cone's fused together. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

twin crystal
Two crystal's that have grown together along a common face. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

twin helix
Synonym for Watson-Crick helix ... The helical structure assumed by two strands of deoxyribonucleic acid, held together throughout their length by hydrogen bonds between bases on opposite strands, referred to as Watson-Crick base pairing. ... See: base pair. ... Synonym: DNA helix, double helix, twin helix. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

twin method
A general means of genetic analysis that capitalises on the fact that while twins have the same age and the same intrauterine environment, identical (monozygotic) twins have the same genotype but dizygotic twins are no more alike than sibs and may be of different sex. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

twin placenta
The placenta(s) of a twin pregnancy; if dizygotic, the placenta's may be separate or fused, the latter retaining two amniotic and two chorionic sacs (dichorionic diamniotic placenta); if monozygotic, the placenta may be a ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

twin pregnancy
A pregnancy that may result from the fertilization of two separate ova or of a single ovum. ... See: twin. ... Synonym: bigeminal pregnancy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

twin studies
Methods of detecting genetic aetiology in human traits. The basic premise of twin studies is that monozygotic twins, being formed by the division of a single fertilised ovum, carry identical genes, while dizygotic twins, being formed by the fertilization of two ova by two different spermatozoa, are genetically no more similar than two siblings born …

twin study
A method of detecting genetic causes in human traits and genetic factors in behaviour using sets of twins. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

twin-twin transfusion
Direct vascular anastomosis, arterial or venous, between the placental circulations of twins. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

twine
1. To mutually twist together; to become mutually involved. ... 2. To wind; to bend; to make turns; to meander. 'As rivers, though they bend and twine, Still to the sea their course incline.' (Swift) ... 3. To turn round; to revolve. ... 4. To ascend in spiral lines about a support; to climb spirally; as, many plants twine. ... Source: Websters Diction …

twinge
A sudden momentary sharp pain. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

twinning
<chemistry> The assemblage of two or more crystals, or parts of crystals, in reversed position with reference to each other in accordance with some definite law; also, rarely, in artificial twinning (accomplished for example by pressure), the process by which this reversal is brought about. Polysynthetic twinning, repeated twinning of crystal …

twins, monozygotic
Two offspring developed from one fertilised ovum. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

twirl on
<dentistry> A device used to help place ligating modules on brackets. ... (08 Jan 1998) ...

twist
1. The act of twisting; a contortion; a flexure; a convolution; a bending. 'Not the least turn or twist in the fibres of any one animal which does not render them more proper for that particular animal's way of life than any other cast or texture.' (Addison) ... 2. The form given in twisting. '[He] shrunk at first sight of it; he found fault with th …

twist form
See: Haworth conformational formulas of cyclic sugars. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

twisted hairs
pili torti ...

twitch
1. The act of twitching; a pull with a jerk; a short, sudden, quick pull; as, a twitch by the sleeve. ... 2. A short, spastic contraction of the fibres or muscles; a simple muscular contraction; as, convulsive twitches; a twitch in the side. ... 3. <veterinary> A stick with a hole in one end through which passes a loop, which can be drawn tight …

twitch muscle
<physiology> Striated muscle innervated by a single motoneuron and having an electrically excitable membrane that exhibits an all or none response (c.f. Tonic muscle): in mammals almost all skeletal muscles are twitch muscles. ... Physiologists often divide muscles into fast and slow twitch types, the fast twitch muscles being associated with …

two
One and one; twice one. 'Two great lights.' . 'Two black clouds.' ... Two is often joined with other words, forming compounds signifying divided into, consisting of, or having, two parts, divisions, organs, or the like; as two-bladed, two-celled, two-eared, two-flowered, twohand, two-headed, two-horse, two-leafed or two-leaved, two-legged, two-lobed …

two dimensional gel electrophoresis
<technique> A high resolution separation technique in which protein samples are separated by isoelectric focussing in one dimension and then laid on an SDS gel for size determined separation in the second dimension. Can resolve hundreds of components on a single gel. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

two-bellied muscle
Synonym for digastric muscle ... <anatomy> One of the suprahyoid group of muscles consisting of two bellies united by a central tendon which is connected to the body of the hyoid bone; origin, by posterior belly from the digastric groove medial to the mastoid process; insertion, by anterior belly into lower border of mandible near midline; act …

two-carbon fragment
The acetyl group (CH3CO-) that takes part in transacetylation reactions with coenzyme A as carrier; commonly referred to as acetate or acetic acid, from which it is derived. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

two-component plasma
<radiobiology> Refers to a plasma containing a cool thermal component and a population of high energy particles (such as from neutral beam injection) which are in the process of thermalising (slowing down). ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

two-dimensional chromatography
Paper chromatography in which a spot, located originally in one corner of a sheet, is developed in one direction along one side of the sheet, after which the sheet is rotated 90° and developed, with another solvent, in the new direction; the resultant spots are thus spread over the entire paper, giving a 'map' or 'fingerprint.' Also generalised to …

two-glass test
Synonym for Thompson's test ... The urine, in a case of gonorrhoea, is passed into two glasses; if the gonococci and gonorrhoeal threads are found only in the first glass the probability is that the process is limited to the anterior urethra. ... Synonym: two-glass test. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

two-step exercise test
A test used mainly for coronary insufficiency; significant depression of RS-T in the electrocardiogram is considered abnormal and suggests coronary insufficiency. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

two-step procedure
<surgery> When surgical biopsy and breast surgery are performed in two separate surgeries. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

two-stream amplifier
<radiobiology> Microwave amplifier based on the two-stream instability. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

two-stream instability
<radiobiology> Instability which can develop when a stream of particles of one type has a velocity distribution with its peak well separated from that of another type of particle through which it is flowing. A stream of energetic electrons passing through a cold plasma can, for example: excite ion waves which will grow rapidly in magnitude at …

two-sympathin theory
A theory, now obsolete, advanced by Cannon and Rosenblueth that two different types of substances (sympathin E and I) diffuse into circulation when adrenergic nerves are stimulated, although the mediator itself is the same. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

two-tail test
A statistical test based on the assumption that the data are distributed in both directions from some central value. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

two-way catheter
Synonym for double-channel catheter ... A catheter with two lumens, allowing irrigation and aspiration. ... Synonym: two-way catheter. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Twort
Frederick W., British bacteriologist, 1877-1950. ... See: Twort phenomenon, Twort-d'Herelle phenomenon. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Twort phenomenon
Synonym for Twort-d'Herelle phenomenon ... The lysis of bacteria by bacteriophage. ... Synonym: bacteriophagia, d'Herelle phenomenon, Twort phenomenon. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Twort-d'Herelle phenomenon
The lysis of bacteria by bacteriophage. ... Synonym: bacteriophagia, d'Herelle phenomenon, Twort phenomenon. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

twyr
<radiobiology> Terawatt-year, Unit of energy equal to 3.15 x10^19 joules or 30 Quads ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

TX
<abbreviation> Individual thromboxanes, designated by capital letters with subscripts indicating structural features. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

tybamate
2-(Hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpentyl butylcarbamate carbamate;a tranquilliser related to meprobamate. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

tyle
Synonym: callosity. ... Origin: G. Tyle, a swelling, a callus ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

tylectomy
<procedure> Surgical removal of a localised swelling or tumour. ... See: lumpectomy. ... Origin: G. Tyle, lump, + ektome, excision ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

tylenchida
An order of nematodes consisting of many species which are plant parasites. Female worms lay eggs that hatch either in soil or in the host plant. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

tylenchoidea
A superfamily of nematodes whose members are free-living saprophytes or parasites of plants. Ova are sometimes found in human feces after ingestion of infected plants. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

tylion
A craniometric point at the middle of the anterior edge of the chiasmatic groove. ... Origin: G. A small pin, dim. Of tyle, a lump ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

tyloma
Synonym for callosity ... A circumscribed thickening of the keratin layer of the epidermis as a result of repeated friction or intermittent pressure. ... Synonym: callositas, callus, keratoma, poroma, tyle, tyloma. ... Origin: L. Fr. Callosus, thick-skinned ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

tyloma conjunctivae
Localised keratinization of the conjunctiva, occurring in xerosis of the conjunctiva. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

tylose
<plant biology> A parenchyma cell outgrowth that wholly or partly blocks a xylem vessel. It grows out from an axial or ray parenchyma cell through a pit in the vessel wall. ... (13 Nov 1997) ...

tylosin
<chemical> Macrolide antibiotic obtained from cultures of streptomyces fradiae. The drug is effective against many microorganisms in animals but not in humans. ... Pharmacological action: antibiotics, macrolide. ... Chemical name: Tylosin ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

tylosin reductase
<enzyme> From streptomyces fradiae; catalyses the reduction of tylosin to relomycin in the presence of NADPH; mw 270 kD; inhibited by fad or fmn; shows a broad substrate specificity toward all macrolide aldehydes; may have physiological role of macrolide detoxification for the bacterium; structure of tylosin and relomycin given in first sourc …

tylosis ciliaris
Synonym for pachyblepharon ... Thickening of the tarsal border of the eyelid. ... Synonym: tylosis ciliaris. ... Origin: pachy-+ G. Blepharon, eyelid ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

tylosis linguae
Leukoplakia of the tongue. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

tylosis palmaris et plantaris
Synonym for palmoplantar keratoderma ... The occurrence of symmetrical diffuse or patchy areas of hypertrophy of the horny layer of the epidermis on the palms and soles; a group of ectodermal dysplasias of considerable variety, and either autosomal dominant or recessive inheritance. ... Synonym: ichthyosis palmaris et plantaris, keratoderma palmaris …

tylotic
Relating to or marked by tylosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

tyloxapol
Oxyethylated tert-octylphenol formaldehyde polymer;a detergent and mucolytic agent used as an aerosol to liquify sputum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

tymazoline
2-[(Thymyloxy)methyl]-2-imidazoline;a nasal decongestant. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

tymovirus
A group of plant viruses with a narrow host range that includes crucifers. Transmission occurs by beetles and mechanical inoculation. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

tympan-
See: tympano-. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

tympanal
Synonym: tympanic. ... 2. Resonant. ... Synonym: tympanitic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

tympanectomy
<procedure> Excision of the tympanic membrane. ... Origin: tympan-+ G. Ektome, excision ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

tympanic air cells
Numerous groovelike depressions in the walls of the tympanic cavity, communicating with the tubal air cells. ... Synonym: cellulae tympanicae, tympanic cells. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...