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TSO - Print glossary Category: General technical and industrial > Printing Date & country: 25/11/2007, UK Words: 579

Free Sheet
Paper made from cooked wood fibres mixed with chemicals and washed free of impurities, as compared to groundwood paper. Also called woodfree paper.

French Fold
A printed sheet, printed one side only, folded with two right angle folds to form a four page uncut section.

Full-scale Black
Black separation made to have dots throughout the entire tonal range of the image, as compared to half-scale black and skeleton black. Also called full-range black.

Galley Proof
Proof of type from any Source, whether metal type or photo type.

Gang
1. To halftone or separate more than one image in only one exposure.

Gate Fold
A sheet that folds where both sides fold toward the gutter in overlapping layers.

Gathered
Signatures assembled next to each other in the proper sequence for binding, as compared to nested.

Ghost Halftone
Normal halftone whose density has been reduced to produce a very faint image.

Ghosting
1. Phenomenon of a faint image appearing on a printed sheet where it was not intended to appear. Chemical ghosting refers to the transfer of the faint image from the front of one sheet to the back of another sheet. Mechanical ghosting refers to the faint image appearing as a repeat of an image on the same side of the sheet.

Gilding
Mostly in the bookwork field, gold leafing the edges of a book.

Given Supplement
Generic term for the publication containing all the Commons Amendments tabled on a given day. It contains the amendments to a particular Bill in the order they were tabled, not the order in which they are to be considered. Printed on Blue, Bench Copies will also be produced.

Given, The
Generic term used to describe the publication containing all the Parliamentary Questions tabled on a given day. Printed on blue stock and forms part of the Vote Bundle.

GLA
1. The abbreviation used for Greater London Assembly.

Gloss
Consider the light reflecting on various objects in the printing industry (e.g., paper, ink, laminates, UV coating, varnish).

Gloss Ink
Ink used and printed on coated stock (mostly litho and letterpress) such as the ink will dry without penetration.

Goatskin
Term used to describe Goatskin Parchment. A thick, durable stock used for the production of archival material.

Graduated Screen Tint
Screen tint that changes densities gradually and smoothly, not in distinct steps. Also called degrade, gradient, ramped screen and vignette.

Grain Long Paper
Paper whose fibres run parallel to the long dimension of the sheet. Also called long grain paper and narrow web paper.

Grain Short Paper
Paper whose fibres run parallel to the short dimension of the sheet. Also called short grain paper and wide web paper.

Grammage
Basis weight of paper in grams per square meter.

Graphics
Visual elements that supplement type to make printed messages more clear or interesting.

Gravure
Method of printing using metal cylinders etched with millions of tiny wells that hold ink.

Grey Levels
Number of distinct grey tones that can be reproduced by a computer.

Grey Scale
Strip of grey values ranging from white to black. Used by process camera and scanner operators to calibrate exposure times for film and plates. Also called step wedge.

Grindoff
Approximately 1/8 inch (3 mm) along the spine that is ground off gathered signatures before perfect binding.

Gripper Edge
Edge of a sheet held by grippers on a sheeted press, thus going first through the press. Also called grip, feeding edge and leading edge.

Groundwood Paper
Newsprint and other inexpensive paper made from pulp created when wood chips are ground mechanically rather than refined chemically.

Gutter
In the bookwork field, the inside margins toward the back or the binding edges.

Hairline Rule
The finest weight of rule used in page layout. The use of Hairline is not recommended. A hairline will reproduce at the finest possible resolution of which the output device is capable. In the case of a desktop 600 dpi printer the rule will print as a fine rule. On a high resolution device such as a Galileo the line will be so fine as not to appear on a print. The Apogee system is set up to convert all hairlines to 0.25 points. Also called a keyline.

Half-scale Black
Black separation made to have dots only in the shadows and midtones, as compared to full-scale black and skeleton black.

Halftone
1. To photograph or scan a continuous tone image to convert the image into halftone dots.

Halftone Screen
Piece of film or glass containing a grid of lines that breaks light into dots. Also called contact screen and screen.

Halo Effect
Faint shadow sometimes surrounding halftone dots printed. Also called halation. The halo itself is also called a fringe.

Hansard
The official title of the publications for both Houses of Parliament consisting of the transcript of a day's debate.

Hard Dots
Halftone dots with no halos or soft edges, as compared to soft dots.

Head-to-tail
Imposition with heads (tops) of pages facing tails (bottoms) of other pages.

Head(er)
1. The margin at the top of the page.

Heat-set Web
Web press equipped with an oven to dry ink, thus able to print coated paper. Hexachrome A six-colour printing process. The colours used are Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Black, Orange and Green. Digital Presses may use Purple instead of Green.

Hickey
Spot or imperfection in printing, most visible in areas of heavy ink coverage, caused by dirt on the plate or blanket. Also called bulls eye and fish eye.

High-fidelity Colour
Colour reproduced using six, eight or twelve separations, as compared to four-colour process.

High-key Image (Photograph)
Photo whose most important details appear in the highlights.

Highlights
Lightest portions of a photograph or halftone, as compared to midtones and shadows.

Hinged Cover
Perfect bound cover scored 1/8 inch (3mm) from the spine so it folds at the hinge instead of along the edge of the spine.

HLS
Abbreviation for hue, lightness, saturation, one of the control-control options often found in software, for design and page assembly. Also called HVS.

Homebase
Generic term used to refer to the process by which type is captured in Microsoft Word by home workers for later translation into the Miles typesetting system.

Hot Spot
Printing defect caused when a piece of dirt or an air bubble caused incomplete draw-down during contact platemaking, leaving an area of weak ink coverage or visible dot gain.

House Copy
The single-sided, interleaved copy of a Bill produced for use by the Committee clerks when the content of the bill is being considered by the Committee. It is interleaved to allow the text of amendments to be pasted alongside the clause or schedule amended.

HTML (HyperText Mark-up Language)
A method of tagging text in order it can be presented on the internet.

Hue
A specific colour such as yellow or green.

Image Area
The actual area on the printed matter that is not restricted to ink coverage.

Imagesetter
Laser output device using photosensitive paper or film.

Imposition
The positioning of pages on a press sheet in a manner that when the sheet is folded into a signature the pages will be in the correct sequence and position.

Impression
2. Referring to speed of a press, one impression equals one press sheet passing once through the press.

Impression Cylinder
Cylinder, on a press, that pushes paper against the plate or blanket, thus forming the image. Also called impression roller.

Imprint
1. To print new copy on a previously printed sheet, such as imprinting an employee's name on business cards. Also called surprint.

Ink Holdout
Characteristic of paper that prevents it from absorbing ink, thus allowing ink to dry on the surface of the paper. Also called holdout.

Inner Forme
Forme (side of the press sheet) whose images all appear inside the folded signature, as compared to outer form.

Inserts
Within a publication, an additional item positioned into the publication loose (not bound in).

Inset or Insetting
A book production method that involves the placing of each component section within the previous and then to wire stitch.

Intaglio Printing
Printing method whose image carriers are surfaces with two levels, having inked areas lower than non-inked areas. Gravure and engraving are the most common forms of intaglio. Also called recess printing.

Irish
Generic term used to describe publications produced overnight for the Northern Ireland Assembly. These jobs are produced from PDF files received from TSO in Northern Ireland via ISDN and are usually produced digitally via the OCE web line.

ISBN
A number assigned to a published work (usually, but not exclusively, appearing above a bar code) and usually found either on the title page or the back of the title page. Considered an International Standard Book Number.

ISDN
Electronic means of sending digital files to and from locations. To send a file via ISDN requires an ISDN line for sender and receiver.

Key
1. The screw that controls ink flow from the ink fountain of a printing press.

Key Plate
Plate that prints the most detail, thus whose image guides the register of images from other plates. Also called key printer.

Keylines
Lines on a mechanical or negative showing the exact size, shape and location of photographs or other graphic elements. Also called holding lines.

Kiss Die Cut
To die cut the top layer, but not the backing layer, of self-adhesive paper. Also called face cut

Korrex
A litho proofing press used for the production of vellum copies.

Kraft Paper
Strong paper used for wrapping and to make grocery bags and large envelopes.

Laid Finish
Finish on bond or text paper on which grids of parallel lines simulate the surface of handmade paper. Laid lines are close together and run against the grain; chain lines are farther apart and run with the grain.

Laminate
A thin transparent plastic sheet (coating) applied to usually a thick stock (covers, post cards, etc.) providing protection against liquid and heavy use, and usually accents existing colour, providing a glossy (or lens) effect.

Landscape
Artist style in which width is greater than height. (Portrait is opposite.)

Laser Bond
Bond paper made especially smooth and dry to run well through laser printers.

Laser-imprintable Ink
Ink that will not fade or blister as the paper on which it is printed is used in a laser printer.

Lay Edge
The edge of a sheet of paper feeding into a press.

Lay Flat Bind
Method of perfect binding that allows a publication to lie fully open. Also called Lay Flat Perfect Binding.

Layout
A sample of the original providing (showing) position of printed work (direction, instructions) needed and desired.

Leading
Amount of space (usually expressed in points) between lines of type, measured from baseline to baseline.

Ledger Paper
Strong, smooth bond paper used for keeping business records. Also called record paper.

Letter fold
Two folds creating three panels that allow a sheet of letterhead to fit a business envelope. Also called barrel fold and wrap around fold.

Letter Paper
In North America, 81/2' x 11' sheets. In Europe, A4 sheets.

Letterpress
Method of printing from raised surfaces, either metal type or plates whose surfaces have been etched away from image areas. Also called block printing.

Lignin
Substance in trees that holds cellulose fibres together. Free sheet has most lignin removed; groundwood paper contains lignin.

Line Copy
Any high-contrast image, including type, as compared to continuous-tone copy. Also called line art and line work.

Linen Finish
Embossed finish on text paper that simulates the pattern of linen cloth.

Lithography
Method of printing using plates whose image areas attract ink and whose non-image areas repel ink. Non-image areas may be coated with water to repel the oily ink or may have a surface, such as silicon, that repels ink.

LithoStar
Brand name of the Agfa plate processors which are in-line with the Galileo computer-to-plate devices.

Live Area
Area on a mechanical within which images will print. Also called safe area.

Logotype (Logo)
A company, partnership or corporate creation (design) that denotes a unique entity. A possible combination of letters and art work to create a 'sole' entity symbol of that specific unit.

London Gazette
Publication on each working day consisting of Statutory, Public and Legal notices relating to all official matters. Printed on Sovereign Wove and side-stitched.

London Gazette Office
Situated at 9E, the editorial staff concerned with the publication and financial control of all London Gazette contributors.

London Gazette Supplement
A subsequent publication to the main London Gazette consisting of a specific list of military appointments (MoD), honours (New Years, Birthday etc), awards for industry or imperial service medals. Printed on Sovereign Wove and usually saddle-stitched.

Loose Proof
Proof of a halftone or colour separation that is not assembled with other elements from a page, as compared to composite proof. Also called first proof, random proof, scatter proof and show-colour proof.

Loose-leaf
Binding method allowing insertion and removal of pages in a publication (e.g., trim-4-drill-3).

Lords
Generic term used to refer to the House of Lords Daily Hansard. Produced from electronic text files supplied by the Hansard Office, House of Lords, which are paginated in Miles typesetting system for production. Printed on Sovereign Wove.

Lords' Minute
Generic term used to refer to the House of Lords Minute of Proceedings. Produced overnight from PDF files supplied by the House of Lords Minute Room. Prints on Azure.

Low Key Photo
Photo whose most important details appear in the shadows.

Machine Glazed (MG)
Paper holding a high-gloss finish only on one side.

Magenta
One of the four process colours.

Mailing House
Generic term used to describe a business who's core activity is the collation and mailing out of printed matter on a large scale.