Copy of `TSO - Print glossary`

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TSO - Print glossary Category: General technical and industrial > Printing Date & country: 25/11/2007, UK Words: 579

AAC Copy
As Amended in Committee copy of a bill. Effectively the version of the Bill once it has been considered in a Committee of either Lords or Commons members. This version will usually be amended from the version the Committee considered. See also AOR copy, 2a copy, Transfer copy and House Copy.

Ace (Print Finishers)
Print finishing company situated in Creekside SE8. Mainly producing thread-sewn, burst-bound and high-quality perfect-bound books.

Additive Colour
Colour produced by light falling onto a surface, as compared to subtractive colour. The additive primate colours are red, green and blue.

All Follows
A service supplied by TSO and managed from Parliamentary Press whereby all publications relating to a specific piece of legislation are delivered on the morning of publication.

Alteration
Any change made by the customer after copy or artwork has been given to the printer. The change could be in copy, specifications, or both.

Amendment, Commons
Copy elements which alter the text/meaning of a Bill when it is in the legislative process. Amendments may be Government or Opposition and print in the Supplement part of the Vote Bundle.

Amendment, Lords
Copy elements which alter the text/meaning of a Bill when it is in the legislative process. Amendments may be Government or Opposition and print in Amendment Papers and Marshalled Lists.

Anti-offset Powder
Fine powder lightly sprayed over the printed surface of coated paper as sheets leave a press. Also called dust, offset powder and spray powder.

AOR Copy
As Amended on Report copy of a Bill. Usually the final version of the Bill prior to it becoming law (an Act). It has been considered in a Committee of the Lords. This version will usually be amended from the version the Committee considered.

Apogee
Proprietary AGFA software that is used by Parliamentary Press as the system by which digital workflow is directed at the Computer-to-Plate (Galileo) System.

Artwork
All original copy, including type, photos and illustrations, intended for printing.

Back Up
1. To print on the second side of a sheet already printed on one side.

Bench Copies
Copies of Supplement Papers not bound into the main Vote Bundle. Bench copies are for use within the Committee itself as working papers. Some copies will also be used by Clerks and Vote Office Editorial Staff for marking Author's Alterations.

Bench Work
Any operations performed by hand in the finishing department, e.g. stuffing envelopes, folding by hand, adding inserts, packing etc.

Bill
The draft form of an Act submitted by government for consideration in the Houses of Parliament prior to becoming legislation. PDF files are received from PBO of the originating House for production. Prints on Azure stock.

Bind
Usually in the bookwork field, but not exclusively, the joining of leafs or signatures together with either wire, glue or other means.

Bindery
A department within a printing company responsible for collating, folding, adhesive binding or wire-stitching and trimming various printing products.

Bitmap
A file format used for storing bitmapped (pixelated) images.

Blank
A blank page within a publication - no element whatsoever appears on a blank.

Blanket
Rubber-coated pad, mounted on a cylinder of an offset press, that receives the inked image from the plate and transfers it to the surface to be printed.

Bleed
Printing that extends to the edge of a sheet or page after trimming.

Blind Image
Image debossed, embossed or stamped, but not printed with ink or foil.

Blow-Up
An enlargement, usually used with graphic images or photographs

Blox
Books constructed of loose leaves. Fully collated into individual books awaiting further finishing operations.

Blueline
Prepress photographic proof made from stripped negatives where all colours show as blue images on white paper. Because 'blueline' is a generic term for proofs made from a variety of materials having identical purposes and similar appearances, it may also be called a blackprint, blue, blueprint, brownline, brownprint, diazo, dyeline, ozalid, position proof, silverprint, Dylux.

Board Paper
General term for paper over 200 gsm that is commonly used for products such as file folders, displays and post cards.

Body
The main text of work not including the headlines.

Boiler Plate
Blocks of repetitive type used and copied over and over again.

Bond paper
Category of paper commonly used for writing, printing and photocopying. Also called business paper.

Book Block
Folded signatures gathered, but not yet sewn, trimmed or covered.

Border
The decorative design or rule surrounding matter on a page.

Bounce
1. A repeating registration problem at the printing stage.

Boxes
The stations on a finishing line into which folded sections of print are loaded so that they can be taken into the finished product in the correct order.

Bristol Paper
General term referring to paper 6 points or thicker with basis weight between 200-500 gsm. Used for products such as index cards, file folders and displays.

Broadside
The term used to indicate work printed on one side of a large sheet of paper.

Bronzing
The effect produced by dusting wet ink after printing and using a metallic powder.

Build a Colour
To overlap two or more screen tints to create a new colour. Such an overlap is called a build, colour build, stacked screen build or tint build.

Bulk
Thickness of paper relative to its basic weight.

Bullet
A large dot or similar marking to emphasize text.

Bundler
The person producing the strapped bundles of folded sections.

Bundling
The process whereby folded print sections from the Solna web press are bundled together and strapped inside end-boards for transport to the finishing operation. Approximately 250 sections per bundle.

Butt Register
Register where ink colours meet precisely without overlapping or allowing space between, as compared to lap register. Also called butt fit and kiss register.

Buy Out
To subcontract for a service that is closely related to the business of the organisation. Work that is bought out or farmed out is sometimes called outwork or referred to as being out of house. Also called farm out.

Calender
To make the surface of paper smooth by pressing it between rollers during manufacturing.

Calliper
1. Thickness of paper or other substrate expressed in thousandths of an inch (mils or points), pages per inch (ppi), thousandths of a millimetre (microns) or pages per centimetre (ppc).

Camera-ready Copy (CRC)
Mechanicals, photographs and art fully prepared for reproduction according to the technical requirements of the printing process being used. *Also called finished art and reproduction copy. *

Canadian Binding
A wiro-bound book with a wrapped-around cover.

Carbonless Paper
Paper coated with chemicals that enable transfer of images from one sheet to another with pressure from writing or typing.

Carton
Selling unit of paper weighing approximately 150 pounds (60 kilos). A carton can contain anywhere from 500 to 5,000 sheets, depending on the size of sheets and their basis weight.

Case
1. Covers and spine that, as a unit, enclose the pages of a casebound book.

Case Bind
To bind using glue to hold signatures to a case made of binder board covered with fabric, plastic or leather. Also called cloth bind, edition bind, hard bind and hard cover.

Cast-coated Paper
High gloss, coated paper made by pressing the paper against a polished, hot, metal drum while the coating is still wet.

Certified PDF
A certified PDF is one that has been created to a precise set of rules specified by the printer. In the case of Parliamentary Press we generate such rules (known as a profile) and give them to specific customers (Ofsted for example). The customer creates the PDF against the profile. When we receive the PDF it arrives with a 'flag' or tick which indicates that it meets our requirements and will pass through the digital workflow with no problems.

Chain Dot
1. Alternate term for elliptical dot, so called because midtone dots touch at two points, so look like links in a chain.

Chain Lines
1. Widely spaced lines in laid paper.

Chalking
Deterioration of a printed image caused by ink that absorbs into paper too fast or has long exposure to sun and wind making printed images look dusty. Also called crocking.

Champher
The effect of roughing on the cut edge of a finished product caused by the product being trimmed with guillotine blades which are insufficiently sharp.

Chapter
The published version of an Act of Parliament. Chapters run sequentially from 1 in each calendar year.

Check Copy
1. Production copy of a publication verified by the customer as printed, finished and bound correctly.

CHI
Abbreviated term for Commission for Health Improvement. A series of publications (average 3 per week year-round) styled from electronic text by DTP, printed and finished in-house.

Chroma
Strength of a colour as compared to how close it seems to neutral grey. Also called depth, intensity, purity and saturation.

CIELab (L*a*b*)
A system of colour measurement. L*a*b* measurements are the numerical representation of any colour.

Clause
A single, numbered constituent part of the main body of a Bill of either House of Parliament. Each clause will deal with a specific part of the legislation being proposed.

Close-up
A proof-reader's mark used to indicate closing space between characters or words.

CMYK
Abbreviation for cyan, magenta, yellow and K (black), the four process colours.

Coarse Screen
Halftone screen with a ruling of 65, 85 or 100 lines per inch.

Coated Paper
Paper with a coating of clay and other substances that improves reflectivity and ink holdout. Mills produce coated paper in the four major categories: cast, gloss, dull and matte.

Cold-set Web
Web press without an oven to dry ink, thus able to print on uncoated papers only. The Solnas are cold-set web presses.

Collate
To organise printed matter in a specific order as requested.

Collating Marks
Mostly used in the bookwork field, specific marks on the back of signatures indicating exact position in the collating stage. Also called binder's marks.

Colour Balance
Refers to amounts of process colours that simulate the colours of the original scene or photograph.

Colour Blanks
Press sheets printed with photos or illustrations, but without type. Also called shells.

Colour Break
In multicolour printing, the point, line or space at which one ink colour stops and another begins. Also called break for colour.

Colour Cast
Unwanted colour affecting an entire image or portion of an image.

Colour Control Bar
Strip of small blocks of colour on a proof or press sheet to help evaluate features such as density and dot gain. *Also called colour bar, colour guide and standard offset colour bar. *

Colour Correct
To adjust the relationship among the process colours to achieve desirable colours.

Colour Curves
Instructions in computer software that allow users to change or correct colours. Also called HLS and HVS tables.

Colour Gamut
The entire range of hues possible to reproduce using a specific device, such as a computer screen, or system, such as four-colour process printing.

Colour Model
Way of categorising and describing the infinite array of colours found in nature.

Colour Separation
1. Technique of using a camera, scanner or computer to divide continuous-tone colour images into four halftone negatives.

Colour Sequence
Order in which inks are printed. The sequence can have an effect on final printed colours. *Also called laydown sequence and rotation. *

Colour Shift
Change in image colour resulting from changes in register, ink densities or dot gain during four-colour process printing.

Colour Transparency
Film (transparent) used as art to perform colour separations.

Command Paper
Publication carrying Crown copyright which is produced to a specific order of Parliament. Command Papers will be sponsored by one or more government departments and will centre around a specific investigation or report.

Committee
1. Body of either House of Parliament selected to debate a specific matter.

Commons
1. The lower House of Parliament.

Composite Proof
Proof of colour separations in position with graphics and type. Also called final proof, imposition proof and stripping proof.

Composition
1. In typography, the assembly of typographic elements, such as words and paragraphs, into pages ready for printing.

Condition
To keep paper in the pressroom for a few hours or days before printing so that its moisture level and temperature equal that in the pressroom. Also called cure, mature and season.

Continuous-tone Copy
All photographs and those illustrations having a range of shades not made up of dots, as compared to line copy or halftones.

Contrast
The degree of tones in an image ranging from highlight to shadow.

Cover
Thick paper that protects a publication and advertises its title. Parts of covers are often described as follows: Cover 1 = outside front; Cover 2 = inside front; Cover 3 = inside back, Cover 4 = outside back.

Cover Paper
Category of thick paper used for products such as posters, menus, folders and covers of paperback books.

Coverage
Extent to which ink covers the surface of a substrate. Ink coverage is usually expressed as light, medium or heavy.

Crash
Coarse cloth embedded in the glue along the spine of a book to increase strength of binding. Also called gauze, mull and scrim.

Creep
Phenomenon of middle pages of a folded signature extending slightly beyond outside pages. Also called feathering, outpush, push out and thrust.

Crop Marks
Lines near the edges of an image indicating portions to be reproduced. Also called cut marks and tick marks.

Crossover
Type or art that continues from one page of a book or magazine across the gutter to the opposite page. Also called bridge, gutter bleed and gutter jump.

Cure
1. To dry inks, varnishes or other coatings after printing to ensure good adhesion and prevent setoff.

Customer Complaint
Complaint raised by customer regarding poor product or inadequate service received from Parliamentary Press. Registered into Quality Database and investigated by relevant Head of Department. Outcome is fed back to source.