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Botany - Flower terms
Category: Animals and Nature > Botany
Date & country: 09/09/2007, USA.
Words: 2228

Paper Bush
(Edgeworthia) This group consists of two tender, semi-evergreen or deciduous shrubs native to China and the Himalayas. E. chrysantha (Paper Bush, Mitsumata) is a deciduous plant that grows 4 to 5 feet high. In late winter this plant produces thick, nodding clusters of scented, yellow flowers, which are covered on the outside with silky hairs. This variety is used in Japan to make high quality banknote paper.â€¦

Paper Mulberry
(Broussonetia) These tall shrubs or small trees are natives to Northeastern Asia. Commonly known as Paper Mulberry, these plants have no relation to the true Mulberry tree (Morus), which produces edible berries. Paper Mulberry trees are vigorous-growing plants that can reach a height of 25 to 40 feet with a spread to match. These dense, round plants are good shade trees and they grow well in cities. The rough leaves are usually heart-shaped or lobed, but a variety of shapes are produced and theyâ€¦

Papyrus
(Cyperus) These tender, aquatic perennials are grown for their decorative foliage. They are natives of Palestine, Brazil, S. Africa, Europe and North America. C. alternifolius (Umbrella Plant; Nile Grass) produces clumps of long stems, 1 to 3 feet normally, but up to 5 feet in excellent conditions; these are crowned with long, slender, radiating, dark green leaves like an umbrella, thus the common name. Its variety, variegatus, has green and white leaves. Small, brown or green, fuzzy flowers areâ€¦

Paradise Palm
(Howea) These plants are grown for their decorative foliage and they belong to the Palm family. They are natives of Lord Howe's Island, which is near Australia. The minimum winter temperature required for these plants is 55 degrees. The leaves are large and spreading, dark green, and leathery. They are divided deeply. These Palms can grow 30-60 feet tall outside. Smaller plants are often used for indoor decoration.â€¦

Paradise Tree
(Ailanthus) These deciduous, tall-growing trees are natives of China and India. They are commonly known as Trees of Heaven, Chinese Sumachs and Paradise Trees. These trees grow quickly and in many types of soil and climates. They are very resistant to diseases and pests and are suitable for growing in cities. The most popular kind is A. altissima. This variety can grow from 50 to 100 feet high. It has large, pinnate leaves, 1Â½ to 3 feet long, alternately arranged on the branches, which open a reâ€¦

Paris Daisy
(Chrysanthemum) These hardy plants are natives of China, Japan, northern Africa, and southern Europe. They belong to the Daisy family, Compositae. Their flowers come in every color except blue. Their blooms come in a huge variety of shapes and sizes. Some are spherical in shape and have incurved petals at the center. Some have tubular-shaped petals of unequal length with little hooks at the end. Spoon Chrysanthemums have rather flat petals that are spoon-shaped at the end. Anemone Chrysanthemumsâ€¦

Parkinsonia
(Jerusalem Thorn, Mexican Paloverde, Ratama) These tender, spiny trees or shrubs are natives of tropical America. These trees grow quickly when young, but slow down as they age; they eventually attain a height of about 30 feet. P. aculeata, commonly known as the Jerusalem Thorn, Mexican Paloverde and Ratama, is an attractive tree that can be grown in warm, tropical climates only. Its green branches are irregularly arranged and equipped with pointy spines. The interesting, feathery, compound leavâ€¦

Parlor Palm
(Aspidistra) This hardy plant needs the least effort to succeed. A native of China, it has large, broad, dark green leaves. Where the winters are mild, this plant can be placed outside in shady areas. Large, well-established plants occasionally produce interesting flowers that grow low among the leaves and are purplish-brown. A. elatior variegata produces foliage that is variegated with green and pale yellow.â€¦

Parrot Leaf
(Alternanthera) A. ficoidea is a tender, aquatic perennial and is commonly known as Alligator Weed and Parrot Leaf. This dwarf plant only grows 2 inches high. Its narrowly oval, green leaves have wavy edges and are variegated with red, orange and yellow. Its variety, versicolor, grows a foot high and wide. Its rounded to spoon-shaped leaves are tinged with yellow, red and brown.â€¦

Parrot Lily
(Alstroemeria) This group consists of 60 species of perennials, which grow from tuberous roots or rhizomes to a height of 2 to 4 feet. They are natives of tropical America. These perennials (known as Lilies-of-the-Incas, Parrot Lilies, and Peruvian Lilies) produce long stems of handsome foliage, which ramble about, and gorgeous, sometimes variegated, azalea-like flowers from late spring to early or mid-summer. The 2-inch flowers are borne in clusters and come in an array of colors such as white,â€¦

Parrot'S Beak
(Lotus) These are pretty ornamental plants, one of which is used as a vegetable. These tender and hardy perennials belong to the Pea family, Leguminosae. Some are found growing wild in the Canary Isles, Cape Verde Islands, the Mediterranean region, other parts of Europe and Asia, and some in North America.â€¦

Parrot'S Bill
(Clianthus) This group consists of two tender, semi-evergreen shrubs from New Zealand. Their height ranges from 3-6 feet and they produce beautifully colored flowers in May and June. These plants are commonly known as Parrot's Bill, Parrotbeak, Lobster-claw and Glory Pea because of the interesting shape of their gorgeous blossoms. C. puniceus is a vigorous-growing, climbing shrub. It is medium-sized with pretty pinnate leaves, 3 to 6 inches long, consisting of 11 to 25, oblong leaflets. The largâ€¦

Parrotbeak
(Clianthus) This group consists of two tender, semi-evergreen shrubs from New Zealand. Their height ranges from 3-6 feet and they produce beautifully colored flowers in May and June. These plants are commonly known as Parrot's Bill, Parrotbeak, Lobster-claw and Glory Pea because of the interesting shape of their gorgeous blossoms. C. puniceus is a vigorous-growing, climbing shrub. It is medium-sized with pretty pinnate leaves, 3 to 6 inches long, consisting of 11 to 25, oblong leaflets. The largâ€¦

Parrotia
(Persian Parrotia, Persian Witch Hazel) P. persica is a small, deciduous, hardy tree that grows wild from northern Iran to the Caucasus. This attractive tree is valued for its colorful foliage in the autumn, which turns to vivid shades of yellow, red, pink, orange and bronze. This tree, which grows up to 30 feet high, is commonly known as the Persian Parrotia and Persian Witch Hazel. Its 3- to 4-inch, oval or oblong-shaped leaves are glossy dark green. The Persian Parrotia may be grown with a siâ€¦

Parsley
(Petroselinum) This is a group of annual and biennial herbs. Only one, P. crispum (the Parsley), is of agricultural importance. This hardy biennial's leaves are used for garnishing and flavoring. This plant is a native of southern Europe and belongs to the Carrot family, Umbelliferae. Parsley isn't generally hard to grow; in some gardens it flourishes despite neglect, yet in others, it fails even though it is given constant attention.â€¦

Parsnip
(Pastinaca) This plant is grown for its large, edible root. P. sativa, which was known to the ancient Romans and Greeks, is commonly known as the Parsnip. This tasty taproot may grow 32 inches in diameter and 10 to 18 inches in length. Long-stemmed, divided, dark green leaves arise from the root, growing 3 feet high or more. These vigorous plants provide only a moderate amount of food for the space that they take up.â€¦

Pasali
(Basella) B. alba is known by many common names. These are Malabar Spinach, Indian Spinach, Malabar Nightshade, Pasali and Pu-tin-choi. Malabar Spinach is one of the best hot-weather greens for cooking. This plant is a regular food item in tropical Africa and southeast Asia, where it originated. Its glutinous texture when cooked takes some getting use to, but the strong flavor is pleasant. These plants are low growing and send out runners, which are clothed with good sized, tasty, thick, dark grâ€¦

Pasque Flower
(Anemone) This group consists of 120 species of perennials, which grow from tubers. These pretty perennials (commonly known as Windflowers) belong to the Buttercup family, Ranunculaceae. They grow wild in many European countries, in North America, and Japan. The attractive, parsley-like leaves of these plants are lobed or divided and the ornate parts of their poppy- or daisy-like flowers are actually sepals; Anemones have no true petals or else they are greatly reduced. The single or double flowâ€¦

Passiflora
(Maypop, Passion Flower, Passion Fruit) This group consists of about 350, tender, evergreen and deciduous, climbing plants that are mainly natives of tropical South America. Their slim stems, which climb by means of tendrils, can grow 20-30 feet in length and are clothed with small, dark green leaves. Their beautiful flowers are 3-5 inches in diameter and are borne singly on long stalks. They consist of a tubular calyx with five lobes or sepals and these are often the same size as the petals (Peâ€¦

Passion Flower
(Passiflora) This group consists of about 350, tender, evergreen and deciduous, climbing plants that are mainly natives of tropical South America. Their slim stems, which climb by means of tendrils, can grow 20-30 feet in length and are clothed with small, dark green leaves. Their beautiful flowers are 3-5 inches in diameter and are borne singly on long stalks. They consist of a tubular calyx with five lobes or sepals and these are often the same size as the petals (Petals and sepals are collectâ€¦

Passion Fruit
(Passiflora) This group consists of about 350, tender, evergreen and deciduous, climbing plants that are mainly natives of tropical South America. Their slim stems, which climb by means of tendrils, can grow 20-30 feet in length and are clothed with small, dark green leaves. Their beautiful flowers are 3-5 inches in diameter and are borne singly on long stalks. They consist of a tubular calyx with five lobes or sepals and these are often the same size as the petals (Petals and sepals are collectâ€¦

Pastinaca
(Parsnip) This plant is grown for its large, edible root. P. sativa, which was known to the ancient Romans and Greeks, is commonly known as the Parsnip. This tasty taproot may grow 32 inches in diameter and 10 to 18 inches in length. Long-stemmed, divided, dark green leaves arise from the root, growing 3 feet high or more. These vigorous plants provide only a moderate amount of food for the space that they take up.â€¦

Patience Plant
(Impatiens) These are hardy and tender annual and perennial herbs from Asia, North America, and South Africa. The name of these plants refers to the elasticity of the valves of the seedpods, which discharge the seeds when ripe. They are sometimes known as Touch-me-nots. These plants have thick stems and light green leaves. Their flowers come in a wide range of colors including rose, rose-red, rose-purple, white, pink, and salmon. A minimum winter temperature of 55 degrees is required. A beautifuâ€¦

Patient Lucy
(Impatiens) These are hardy and tender annual and perennial herbs from Asia, North America, and South Africa. The name of these plants refers to the elasticity of the valves of the seedpods, which discharge the seeds when ripe. They are sometimes known as Touch-me-nots. These plants have thick stems and light green leaves. Their flowers come in a wide range of colors including rose, rose-red, rose-purple, white, pink, and salmon. A minimum winter temperature of 55 degrees is required. A beautifuâ€¦

Paulownia
(Empress Tree, Royal Paulownia) These deciduous trees are natives of China. They are valued for their handsome foliage and beautiful blossoms. P. tomentosa, commonly known as Empress Tree and Royal Paulownia, is a very quick-growing tree when young, sometimes growing 8 feet in its first year of growth. The Empress Tree will ultimately reach a height of 35 to 40 feet. The huge leaves of this tree range from 5 to 12 inches long and 8 inches wide, but on rapidly-growing stems or young trees, they câ€¦

Paurotis
(Everglade Palm, Saw Cabbage Palm, Saw Palmetto, Silver Saw Palm) This handsome Palm has several common names including Saw Palmetto, Saw Cabbage Palm, Silver Saw Palm and Everglade Palm. This tree is a native of Florida, the West Indies and Central America. It grows from 30 to 40 feet in height and has nearly round leaves that grow 2 or 3 feet across. They are green above and silvery underneath.â€¦

Pawpaw
(Carica) This group consists of about 25 species of semi-succulent trees native to tropical America. These trees have straight trunks and are topped with palmate leaves.The most popularly grown species is C. papaya, commonly known as the Papaya, Melon Tree (though technically it is a large herb) or Pawpaw (Note: Pawpaw is also the common name of an entirely different fruit called Asimina.) The Papaya is a short-lived, evergreen plant that can grow up to 25 feet high. Its hollow, fleshy, gâ€¦

Pea Tree
(Caragana) This group consists of about 80 deciduous shrubs or small trees that are mostly natives of Central Asia. They have evenly pinnate leaves and pea-like flowers. They are commonly known as Pea Trees. C. arborescens (Siberian Pea Tree) is a hardy, small, shrubby tree covered with compound leaves consisting of 4 to 6 leaflets and yellow flowers, in the spring. It is one of the toughest and most adaptable of all plants being able to withstand temperatures as low as -50Âº F. A variety of C. aâ€¦

Peach
(Prunus) Prunus is the botanical name for a large group of deciduous and evergreen trees and shrubs. These popular plants are greatly valued for their delicious, edible fruits, gorgeous spring blossoms and some, for their colorful foliage; some varieties are grown for decoration alone, since all do not produce edible fruits. Numerous varieties have been developed from the wild forms; some were bred for maximum fruit production and better quality fruit while others were bred for larger and more aâ€¦

Peacock Flower
(Delonix) This tender, flowering tree is native of Madagascar and can only be grown outside in tropical, frost-free climates. D. regia is commonly known as Flamboyant, Flame Tree, Peacock Flower and Royal Poinciana. The Flame Tree grows quickly, ultimately reaching a 20- to 40-foot height with a 30- to 60-foot spread or more. The delicate, fern-like leaves grow 2 feet long and unfurl at about the same time the flowers open in early summer; they fall late in the year. When in flower, the Flame Trâ€¦

Peacock Plant
(Calathea) These tropical plants, also called Zebra Plants, are natives to Brazil and tropical America. They have insignificant flowers, but their leaves are very attractive and large. Their height may range from 6 inches to 3 feet tall. The foliage varies in color; some have rose, yellow, olive or white leaves. A minimum winter temperature of 55 degrees is required. C. insignis has wavy-edged leaves that grow up to 18 inches long. The top of the leaf is pale green with blotches of dark green anâ€¦

Peanut
(Arachis) Arachis hypogaea is the botanical name for the Peanut. The Peanut, also called Goober and Groundnut, is a frost-tender annual native to Brazil. Once mainly a warm climate crop, they have gained popularity in home gardens because early-maturing varieties with large seeds have been developed. These attractive plants are neat and resemble clovers. They grow about 12 feet high and 2 feet wide. It produces two kinds of flowers; male (staminate) flowers, which are bright yellow and quite preâ€¦

Peanut Cactus
(Echinopsis) This large group of beautiful cacti is native to the southern part of South America. These species range from very small and globular to tall, columnar plants reaching a height of up to 30 feet. They come in a wide variety of sizes and colors as well as produce large, gorgeous blossoms in an array of colors. Many of these cacti can survive near-freezing temperatures and neglect. They are excellent for growing in containers in greenhouses, homes and outdoors and as landscape plants. â€¦

Pear
(Pyrus) Pyrus is the botanical name for a popular group of deciduous trees and shrubs greatly valued for their beauty and their delicious fruit, known as Pears. Pears can be grown throughout the Temperate regions where winters are not too severe and there is adequate moisture. Pears will not survive where temperatures fall lower than -20Âº F. They are widely cultivated for commerce in California, Washington, Oregon and in places near the Great Lakes. Other regions that grow Pears include New Yorkâ€¦

Pearl Bush
(Exochorda) This group consists of a few very beautiful, hardy, deciduous shrubs native of north and central Asia. In late spring, their slender branches are clothed with large, snow-white flowers. These shrubs are commonly known as Pearl Bushes. E. racemosa (Common Pearlbush) is a large, spreading shrub with oblong, bluish-green leaves. In late spring, erect clusters of white flowers are produced. E. macrantha 'The Bride' is a small to medium-size, compact shrub that has a 'weeping' habit of grâ€¦

Pearly Dots
(Haworthia) This large group of succulent plants is originally from South Africa; they are commonly found in rock crevices and under bushes, out of direct sunlight. These plants form rosettes of soft, fleshy, triangular leaves, though a few have long, grass-like leaves. The shapes and markings of the leaves vary, but raised, white spots are the most common variegation. Some leaves are very thick with windowed upper surfaces. Some plants have roots, which pull the plants into the soil, so that onâ€¦

Peepul Tree
(Ficus) House Plants - There are a wide variety of Ficus plants. There are evergreen or leaf losing trees, shrubs and climbing plants. Some are large trees found wild in tropical forests, and several are good for outdoor cultivation in southern Florida and southern California. A milky sap (latex), which soon coagulates, seeps from different kinds of Ficus when injured. At one time, the latex of one or two kinds had a market value as rubber. Ficus is the Latin name for the Fig tree, which â€¦

Pelargonium
(Geranium) These are tender, shrubby, and herbaceous flowering plants. The shrubby kinds are found wild in southern Africa and the herbaceous kinds in Asia Minor and Syria. Pelargoniums are divided into many groups, one of which the Zonal Pelargonium, commonly known as Geranium, is the most popular. Geraniums have a woody base but the young shoots are soft and tender. Under favorable conditions these plants can grow up to 3 feet or more. There are some varieties called Dwarf Geraniums that usualâ€¦

Pelican Flower
(Aristolochia) This group consists of hardy and tender, evergreen and deciduous shrubs, climbing plants, and herbaceous plants, which are mainly from warmer climates. The hardy kinds grow wild in California and other areas in the south. Those that are from Brazil, Guatemala, West Africa and other tropical countries can be cultivated in a greenhouse. Some have huge flowers and some are grown for their ornamental foliage. Some of these plants give off a rather foul odor as a way to attract the insâ€¦

Pellionia
(Watermelon Begonia) Pellionias are frost-tender, creeping perennials found from Vietnam to Malaysia and Burma. These plants can be grown in hanging baskets, in pots to form an edging to greenhouse benches, and in terrariums. P. repens, the Watermelon Begonia, is a low growing plant up to 4 inches high with an indefinite spread. This trailing plant has fleshy stems clothed with broad, oval, scalloped leaves that have soft grayish green centers and purplish-brown edges. Its flowers are insignificâ€¦

Peltandra
(Arrow Arum) This hardy, aquatic perennial is mainly grown for its decorative foliage. P. virginica, the Arrow Arum as it is commonly called, is a native of North America. It produces large, glossy dark green, arrow-shaped leaves. In the summer, unnoticeable, Arum-like, greenish flowers are produced and these are followed by green berries. This variety grows 1 or 2 feet high. Another variety, P. sagittifolia, produces red berries.â€¦

Pencil Cactus
(Euphorbia) These plants come in a wide assortment of shapes. Some resemble Cacti, forming almost leafless, green, spindly stems with small flowers at the ends, some are boring weeds, a few would accent the herbaceous border, some are lovely flowering shrubs and some have tree-like growth. Euphorbias contain a milky-looking poisonous sap that the stems and leaves secrete after any injury. It may cause blisters on sensitive skin; therefore, care should be taken when handling these plants. The actâ€¦

Pennisetum
(Feather Top, Fountain Grass) These tender and hardy ornamental Grasses are native to Abyssinia, Argentina and South Africa. They range in height from 1 to 10 feet. P. villosum, Feather-top, is a tender perennial that can only be grown outside in mild climates; further North it can be treated as an annual. It forms tufts of flat, linear, mid-green leaves on hairy stems. In late summer, plumes of tiny, creamy pink, bearded spikelets are produced. This variety grows up to 3 feet high. P. Rupâ€¦

Pennyroyal
(Mentha) This is a large group of well-known perennial herbs, which are widely spread over the temperate parts of the world. Mentha includes the Apple Mint, Curly Mint, Pennyroyal, Peppermint, Pineapple Mint, Spearmint and Water or Bog Mint. Following are descriptions of each variety.â€¦

Penstemon
(Beardtongue) These are hardy and tender perennials from North America. They form clumps, 2 to 3 feet tall and produce mostly basal leaves, 2 to 3 inches long. Their flowers grow in loose spikes resembling a snapdragon. They are pouched and up to 2 inches across. They come in most colors and often have a contrasting throat and veins. Picking off the dead flowers will increase the blooms. These plants will behave as perennials in mild climates. Otherwise, they are propagated annually by seeds or â€¦

Peperomia
(Baby Rubber Plant, Emerald Ripple, Wax Privet) These tropical perennials are grown for their ornamental foliage. They are mostly natives of tropical America. They are compact and small and usually do not exceed 12' in height. They vary considerably in appearance. Some have threadlike, trailing stems and some have fleshy, stout stems. The leaves are smooth and fleshy and may be oval with the leafstalk at or near the center of the leaf blade, or they may be heart-shaped or lance-shaped; their sizâ€¦

Peppeps
(Capsicum) These are tender annuals or perennials from South America. They have straight, woody stems and single, star-shaped, white flowers in the axils of the leaves. The flowers are followed by juiceless berries or pods, which vary in shape and size. They are green at first and change to red, yellow or purple. They contain many flat, kidney-shaped, white seeds, which are very hot tasting. Kinds that are commonly grown are varieties of C. frutescens, which are the Peppers grown in the vegetablâ€¦

Pepper Tree
(Drimys) This is a group of tender, evergreen trees and shrubs originally from eastern Australia, New Guinea, Central and South America, and Malaysia. D. lanceolata (Pepper Tree) is a medium-sized to large, fragrant, erect-growing shrub with purplish-red shoots and dark green leaves that are light green underneath. Its young shoots are tinted with copper. White male and female flowers are produced on separate plants. They are abundantly produced from mid- to late spring. D. winteri (Winter's Barâ€¦

Pepper Vine
(Ampelopsis) This group consists of deciduous, climbing, woody plants. These vines are grown for their attractive foliage and ripe fruits. Ampelopsis are mostly natives of North America and eastern Asia. They climb by means of tendrils and are suitable for growing over arbors, covering old trees, large bushes, walls and fences. A. brevipedunculata is a large, vigorous growing vine with three- or occasionally five-lobed, heart-shaped leaves that grow up to 6 inches wide. The small fruits vary in â€¦

Peppergrass
(Lepidium) This vegetable is commonly known as Peppergrass, Curled Cress and Garden Cress. The Curled Cress grows quickly and produces medium green leaves, which are cut deeply giving them a lacy look. They have a pungent taste and are used in small amounts in salads or cold stuffings, or as a garnish. It makes a suitable substitute for watercress in the spring and autumn.â€¦

Peppermint
(Mentha) This is a large group of well-known perennial herbs, which are widely spread over the temperate parts of the world. Mentha includes the Apple Mint, Curly Mint, Pennyroyal, Peppermint, Pineapple Mint, Spearmint and Water or Bog Mint. Following are descriptions of each variety.â€¦

Pepperwort
(Marsilea) These aquatic perennials are commonly known as Pepperwort or Water Clover. These plants resemble four-leaf clovers. M. mutica var. Variegata produces vigorous-growing rhizomes from which sprout stems topped with greenish-yellow to brown patterned leaves, which often float on the surface of the water. If Water Clovers are planted in several inches of water they may stand a few inches above the water. These plants are great for planting in moist soil or shallow water on the edges of youâ€¦

Perennial Pea
(Lathyrus) These hardy annuals and perennials may be climbing or bushy. The climbing vines grow up to 6 feet high and the dwarf bushy kinds, 1 to 2 feet high. They are mostly from southern and eastern Europe. These plants are clothed with medium- or blue-green, paired leaflets that grow up to 2 inches. The flowers grow up to 2 inches across, 1 to 4 per stem. They may be rose, red, maroon, pink, white, yellow or blue and some are bicolored; they are also fragrant. The Perennial or Everlasting Peaâ€¦

Perilla
(Shiso) This group of plants contains many annuals, however, only one is commonly grown in gardens. P. frutescens will grow about 3 feet high and is bushy and self-branching. The leaves resemble those of the Sweet Basil, but may also be ruffled. They are fuzzy, dark purple or green and grow up to 3 inches long. This plant is found wild in India and China and belongs to the Mint family, Labiatae. Their flowers aren't flashy as these plants are mainly grown for their ornamental foliage, which is aâ€¦

Peristrophe
(Marble Leaf) These frost-tender perennials are natives to India. They can grow 2 feet or more in height with a spread of 4 feet. P. Hyssopifolia 'Aureovariegata' (Marble Leaf) is a bushy plant with evergreen, lance shaped, pointed leaves that are dark green with a central creamy yellow splotch. In the winter, clusters of small, 2-lipped, long-tubed, rose pink flowers are borne. P. speciosa has smooth green stems covered with ovate leaves, 2 inches long. Small clusters of violet-purple flowers aâ€¦

Permanent Wave Tree
(Salix) Salix is the botanical name for a group of deciduous (leaf-losing) trees and shrubs, which are mostly hardy. They are found wild throughout Europe, northern Africa, Asia, and North America; a few are found in the Southern Hemisphere. Some grow naturally in the arctic and alpine regions. The common name for this group and also the old Latin name is, Willow. Most Willows grow rapidly and are fairly short-lived. Their young stems are flexible and strong, but the old braâ€¦

Perpetual White
(Fragaria) This small group contains a few species of ornamental and edible plants, which may form clumps or runners. F. chiloensis and F. indica are two decorative, low-growing plants, which produce white flowers during the summer. F. ananassa is the species that produces the delicious, edible fruits we commonly know as the garden Strawberry. Strawberries are members of the Rose family. They are herbaceous perennials, although they tend to decline a bit faster in the Deep South, where they areâ€¦

Persea
(Alligator Pear, Avocado, Bull Bay, Red Bay) These small trees are mostly natives of South and Central America, but are also found in the Canary Islands and in southeast Asia. P. Borbonia (the Bull Bay or Red Bay) is a native of the United States from Delaware to Florida and is sometimes planted for ornament. P. palustris is found from North Carolina to Florida and Texas. The species of Persea grown for ornament will grow easily in any type of soil. They have large, leathery leaves, but if grownâ€¦

Persian Parrotia
(Parrotia) P. persica is a small, deciduous, hardy tree that grows wild from northern Iran to the Caucasus. This attractive tree is valued for its colorful foliage in the autumn, which turns to vivid shades of yellow, red, pink, orange and bronze. This tree, which grows up to 30 feet high, is commonly known as the Persian Parrotia and Persian Witch Hazel. Its 3- to 4-inch, oval or oblong-shaped leaves are glossy dark green. The Persian Parrotia may be grown with a single trunk or multiple trunksâ€¦

Persian Witch Hazel
(Parrotia) P. persica is a small, deciduous, hardy tree that grows wild from northern Iran to the Caucasus. This attractive tree is valued for its colorful foliage in the autumn, which turns to vivid shades of yellow, red, pink, orange and bronze. This tree, which grows up to 30 feet high, is commonly known as the Persian Parrotia and Persian Witch Hazel. Its 3- to 4-inch, oval or oblong-shaped leaves are glossy dark green. The Persian Parrotia may be grown with a single trunk or multiple trunksâ€¦

Persicaria
Persicaria is the botanical name for a group of often invasive perennials, annuals and climbers that are mainly grown for their handsome flowers, which are often in spikes. P. bistorta 'Superba' forms clumps, 24 to 30 inches high, of oval, mid-green leaves and triangular stem leaves. In the summer, dense, cylindrical spikes of tiny, pale pink flowers are borne atop thin stems. P. virginiana 'Painter's Palette' forms mounds of ornamental foliage up to 2 feet high and wide. The oval to elliptic, gâ€¦

Persimmon
(Diospyros) These deciduous, easily grown trees, commonly known as Persimmons, are valued for their hard, dark brown or black heartwood, for the edible fruits and for their beauty. Their delicious, sweet and juicy fruits should only be eaten when they are ripe; otherwise, they have an offensive, bitter flavor. The fruits ripen in the fall, usually after a light frost. They can, however, be picked and placed in a plastic bag with a ripe apple for two to four days. The ethylene gas emitted by the â€¦

Peruvian Apple
(Cereus) This popular group of cacti from South America consists of about 60 species. These vigorous-growing, mostly columnar-shaped cacti are easy to grow and make excellent container plants when small. Outdoors, when used as landscaping plants, these cacti will usually reach a height of 30 feet or more, growing up to 4 feet per year. Some branch at the top, resembling a candelabrum; others branch close to the base. In the spring or summer, their funnel-shaped flowers open at night closing as tâ€¦

Peruvian Lily
(Alstroemeria) This group consists of 60 species of perennials, which grow from tuberous roots or rhizomes to a height of 2 to 4 feet. They are natives of tropical America. These perennials (known as Lilies-of-the-Incas, Parrot Lilies, and Peruvian Lilies) produce long stems of handsome foliage, which ramble about, and gorgeous, sometimes variegated, azalea-like flowers from late spring to early or mid-summer. The 2-inch flowers are borne in clusters and come in an array of colors such as white,â€¦

Peruvian Old Man
(Espostoa) This group consists of sixteen, columnar cacti from the Andes of southern Ecuador and Peru. In their native habitat, they grow in very rocky soil on the sides of steep valleys, but in cultivation, they grow well in any well-drained soil. Most species are clothed in woolly spines through which longer, sharp spines protrude. After 10 to 30 years, when they reach flowering size, a cephalium, or thick beard of white wool forms on one side of the upper stem. Unpleasant smelling, tubular, lâ€¦

Peruvian Snow Ball
(Espostoa) This group consists of sixteen, columnar cacti from the Andes of southern Ecuador and Peru. In their native habitat, they grow in very rocky soil on the sides of steep valleys, but in cultivation, they grow well in any well-drained soil. Most species are clothed in woolly spines through which longer, sharp spines protrude. After 10 to 30 years, when they reach flowering size, a cephalium, or thick beard of white wool forms on one side of the upper stem. Unpleasant smelling, tubular, lâ€¦

Peruvian Torch
(Cereus) This popular group of cacti from South America consists of about 60 species. These vigorous-growing, mostly columnar-shaped cacti are easy to grow and make excellent container plants when small. Outdoors, when used as landscaping plants, these cacti will usually reach a height of 30 feet or more, growing up to 4 feet per year. Some branch at the top, resembling a candelabrum; others branch close to the base. In the spring or summer, their funnel-shaped flowers open at night closing as tâ€¦

Petroselinum
(Parsley) This is a group of annual and biennial herbs. Only one, P. crispum (the Parsley), is of agricultural importance. This hardy biennial's leaves are used for garnishing and flavoring. This plant is a native of southern Europe and belongs to the Carrot family, Umbelliferae. Parsley isn't generally hard to grow; in some gardens it flourishes despite neglect, yet in others, it fails even though it is given constant attention.â€¦

Petty Whin
(Genista) This group consists of about eighty evergreen and deciduous, hardy and tender shrubs or small trees that are natives of Europe, western Asia, and North Africa. These plants, commonly known as Brooms, have whip-like branches and green branchlets that are sparsely covered with foliage. The masses of pea-like flowers are produced from late spring to late summer, depending on the variety. Brooms come in a variety of shapes and sizes that are suitable for many uses, such as in a small rock â€¦

Petunia
These are tender perennials that are originally from South America. They are great for summer flowerbeds, greenhouses or window boxes. They form self-branching mounds that are bushy to cascading, 1 to 2 feet high. Their leaves are ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 4 to 5 inches long. The trumpet-shaped flowers may be single or double, 2 to 5 inches across. They come in all shades and may be edged, striped, or starred with a contrasting color. Some are sweet smelling.â€¦

Phalaris
(Canary Grass, Gardener's Garters, Ribbon Grass) These hardy annual and perennial ornamental Grasses are found wild in most North Temperate regions. P. arundinacea (Ribbon grass, Gardener's garters) is an invasive perennial that forms clumps of evergreen, broadly linear leaves, which are green striped with white. The tiny, light greenish brown flowers are borne in thin panicles, in the summer. This Grass grows up to 3 feet high and has a limitless spread. P. canariensis (Canary Grass) is an annuâ€¦

Pheasant'S Eye
(Adonis) These hardy perennials and annuals belong to the Buttercup family Ranunculaceae. There is a legend that this plant grew up from the blood of Adonis when he was wounded by a wild animal. These plants, also known as Pheasant's Eye or Flower of Adonis, grow from 6 inches to a foot high, and the same wide. They form clumps of green, fern-like foliage. A. brevistyla is a perennial that is native to damp forests, scrub, and rocky ravines of Bhutan and West China. Its flowers resemble smâ€¦

Phellodendron
(Amur Cork Tree, Cork Tree) These deciduous trees, commonly known as Cork Trees, are natives of eastern Asia. They have short trunks and wide spreading crowns. P. amurense (Amur Cork Tree) grows 30 to 40 feet high. It has deeply ridged, corky bark and dark green, compound leaves growing 9 to 15 inches long and consisting of 5 to 13 leaflets. Its foliage turns yellow in the fall. Small, inconspicuous, greenish-yellow male and female flowers are produced on separate trees. Clusters of black berrieâ€¦

Philodendron
This is a popular group of plants that are grown for their ornamental foliage. They are mostly climbing plants that can be grown in homes, greenhouses, and in the far South, outside. Under good conditions, they will bear pretty 'flowers' that resemble Calla Lilies. They are found wild in tropical America and the West Indies. These plants have long aerial roots and come in many shapes and sizes. Most of the plants have rich green leaves but some may be coppery-red underneath or have veins that arâ€¦

Phlo
(Phlox) This is a group of hardy and tender plants, which are native of North America. The name Phlox means flame, in regard to the bright colors of the blooms. These plants are great for borders, rock gardens and flowerbeds. The annual kinds can be grown in a greenhouse for spring and winter bloom. They are also useful for cutting their flowers. P. drummondii is a bushy or trailing annual that is self-branching and grows 8 to 24 inches. The ovate to lanceolate leaves grow up to 3 inches long. Tâ€¦

Phlomis
These perennials (Jerusalem Sage) are natives of Turkey, North Africa, Europe and Asia. P. russeliana forms mounds, 3 feet high, of coarse, sage-green, hairy leaves that are broadly oval and heart-shaped at the base. The hooded, tubular, 2-lipped, light creamy yellow flowers are borne in whorls on stout stems, in the summer. This plant forms an excellent weed-smothering ground cover. The dried flower stems make pretty winter decorations.â€¦

Phlox
(Moss Pink, Phlox, Wild Sweet William) This is a group of hardy and tender plants, which are native of North America. The name Phlox means flame, in regard to the bright colors of the blooms. These plants are great for borders, rock gardens and flowerbeds. The annual kinds can be grown in a greenhouse for spring and winter bloom. They are also useful for cutting their flowers. P. drummondii is a bushy or trailing annual that is self-branching and grows 8 to 24 inches. The ovate to lanceolate leaâ€¦

Phoenix
(Date Palm) These are Palms that are grown for their ornamental foliage. They grow wild in several different parts of the world such as northern Africa, India, China, and the Canary Islands. The Date Palm, P. dactylifera, forms sturdy trunks that are covered with the stumps of dead leaves. They can grow 5-100 feet tall. The feathery leaves, which can grow 3-14 feet long, grow in a cluster at the top of the tree and gracefully curve down toward the ground. The leathery leaflets are long, narrow aâ€¦

Phoenix Tree
(Firmiana) This attractive, tender tree is a native of Africa and Asia. F.simplex is commonly known as the Chinese Parasol Tree, Phoenix Tree and Varnish Tree. It is very disease and pest resistant and makes a suitable shade tree. The Chinese Parasol Tree is valued for its huge, 5-lobed leaves, which measure up to a foot across. This tree grows fairly quickly when young, eventually reaching a height of 20 to 40 feet. The bark is shiny, grayish green and in mid-summer, the tree produces 12-â€¦

Phormium
(New Zealand Flax) This is a group of tender perennials mainly grown for their handsome, colorful leaves. These plants, commonly known as New Zealand Flax, are natives of New Zealand. The word Phormium is derived from phormos, a basket, and refers to the use of the leaf fiber for basket making; this fiber is also used in the commercial manufacture of ropes and twine. P. tenax 'Purpureum Group' grows 6 to 8 feet high with a spread of 3 feet. It forms basal clumps of rigid, evergreen, swordâ€¦

Phragmites
(Common Reed Grass, Variegated Dwarf Common Reed) These tall, aquatic perennials, commonly known as the Common Reed Grass, are natives of North America and many other regions. P. maxima is an attractive Grass for landscape planting. Growing up to 15 feet high, this variety is too invasive and large for most water gardens. It produces plumed flower heads that can be dried and used for decoration. This plant grows naturally in marshes with brackish or sweet water. P. australis 'Aurea', the Variegaâ€¦

Phyllostachys
(Bamboo) This group of Bamboos is native to the Himalayas and eastern Asia. They produce long, graceful branches and grow up to a height of 25 feet. These Bamboos can be grown outdoors in the mild regions of North America. Bamboos need to be grown in moist soil at all times, especially during dry periods; therefore, they are great for planting near stream and riversides and in wetlands. P. aurea, the Golden Bamboo, has compact stands of yellowish stems. P. niger, the Black-jointed Bamboo, has daâ€¦

Physalis
(Alkekengi, Cape Gooseberry, Chinese Lantern Plant, Ground Cherry, Husk Tomato, Jamberry, Mexican Husk Tomato, Miltomate, Strawberry Tomato, Tomatillo, Winter Cherry) This is a group of annuals and perennials, which are grown for their fruits and for decoration. They grow wild in Europe, America and Asia and belong to the Potato family, Solanaceae.â€¦

Phytolacca
(Poke Sallet, Pokeweed, Red-Ink Plant, Umbra) This group consists of hardy and tender perennials. They are found wild in North and South America, Asia and Africa. Very few kinds are in cultivation. P. dioica, the Umbra, is a quick growing tree that is grown for decoration in mild climates. It is an evergreen and grows up to 60 feet high. It produces white flowers. P. americana, Pokeweed or Poke Sallet, is found wild from Maine to Florida and Mexico. It is so abundant around old barns and feedlotâ€¦

Picea
(Spruce Tree) Picea is thebotanical name for the Spruce tree. These are evergreen trees that are grown for their ornamental and commercial value. They are found in temperate countries of the Northern Hemisphere. They are hardy trees, except when young they are susceptible to injury, especially if they grow at lower altitudes. Spruce trees can be distinguished from Pine and Fir trees by inspecting their shoots. The needles of Pine trees (See, Pinus) are arranged in groups of two, three, or five, â€¦

Pickerel Weed
(Pontederia) These hardy, aquatic perennials are natives of North America. P. cordata, Pickerel Weed, has a creeping rhizome and erect, glossy, dark green leaves that are slightly heart-shaped. In the summer, racemes of violet-blue, funnel-shaped flowers are produced. This variety grows from 18 to 24 inches high. P. lanceolata has narrower leaves and grows 4 to 5 feet in height. It is a native of the southeastern U.S. and is therefore not as hardy as P. cordata. Its varieties Angustifolia â€¦

Pie Plant
(Rheum) This is a group of herbaceous perennials, some of which are grown for ornament and some for food.â€¦

Pimpinella
(Aniseed) This is a large group of frost-tender annuals, biennials and perennials from China, the Himalayas, Africa and Europe. P. anisum, commonly called Anise or Aniseed, is a native to Greece and is used for culinary purposes. This lanky annual herb grows up to 2 feet high and 6 to 12 inches wide. They have finely divided upper leaves and flat clusters, resembling umbrellas, of creamy white flowers. P. major 'Rosea' is a vigorous perennial that grows up to 4 feet high. The large, dark green lâ€¦

Pincussion Flower
(Scabiosa) These are hardy perennial and annual herbaceous plants that are used for cut flowers as well as garden decoration. The name Scabiosa is derived from scabies, itch; in regard to the plant's supposed properties of curing irritation of the skin. These plants have upright growth, 2 to 3 feet in height. Their leaves are lanceolate and coarsely toothed, growing up to 4 inches long. They grow mostly at the base of the plant. The fragrant flowers are 2 to 3 inches across and are domed â€¦

Pine Tree
(Pinus) This popular group consists of evergreen trees and shrubs that have great decorative and commercial value. They grow throughout the Northern Hemisphere. Some are found in Europe, North and Central America, Asia, northern Africa, the Canary Islands, and the Philippine Islands. Most of them survive in temperate and cold temperatures, but some are only for warm or subtropical climates. Pinus is the botanical name for the Pine tree. Pine trees have two types of leaves. The leaves of seedlingâ€¦

Pineapple
(Ananas) This group consists of 9 species of tropical, terrestrial bromeliads (plants belonging to the family, Bromeliaceae) native to tropical America. These plants are commonly known as Pineapples. They grow up to 4 feet high and produce rosettes of long, stiff, spiny leaves. Pineapples produce a thick, leafless stem topped by a thistle-like, violet or red flower after about 16 months and when the plant is at least 2 feet high. This flower develops into the delicious, juicy fruit â€¦

Pineapple Mint
(Mentha) This is a large group of well-known perennial herbs, which are widely spread over the temperate parts of the world. Mentha includes the Apple Mint, Curly Mint, Pennyroyal, Peppermint, Pineapple Mint, Spearmint and Water or Bog Mint. Following are descriptions of each variety.â€¦

Pineapple-Scented Sage
(Salvia) This is a large group of hardy and tender perennials, annuals and shrubs. They are found wild in South America, southern Europe, northern Africa and North America. Salvia belong to the Mint family, Labiatae. The name is derived from salveo, to save, and refers to the medicinal value the plants were thought to possess. These plants grow 1 to 3 feet high and form branched clumps. Their leaves are ovate or lanceolate, 2 to 4 inches long. The flowers form on spikes that grow above thâ€¦

Pinguicula
(Bog Violet, Butterwort) These hardy and tender perennials, commonly known as Bog Violets or Butterworts, are natives of the Northern Hemisphere and the Andes of America to the Antarctic regions. The name Pinguicula is derived from pinguis, fat, and refers to the greasy feel of the plants, thus the common name Butterwort. Butterworts are all bog plants and insectivorous. Tiny glands on the surface of the leaves secrete droplets of sticky fluid, which captures insects. Their struggling stiâ€¦

Pink
(Dianthus) This group of hardy plants includes Pinks, Carnations and Sweet Williams. The Carnation is the descendent of D. Caryophyllus; it grows wild in southern Europe. D. barbatus, the Sweet William, is found wild in the Mediterranean region. The Pinks have mainly come from D. plumarius. The Chinese and Indian Pinks have come from D. chinensis and are natives of China.â€¦

Pink Almond
(Alphitonia) 20 species of tropical trees there are about six in Australia, mostly native to the coastal rainforests of New South Wales and Queensland.These fast growing trees are popular in tropical gardens.The long ovate leaves with a whitish underside have an attractive silvered new growth. Clusters of tiny white fragrant flowers in the spring and are followed by black berries.â€¦

Pinus
(Pine Tree) This popular group consists of evergreen trees and shrubs that have great decorative and commercial value. They grow throughout the Northern Hemisphere. Some are found in Europe, North and Central America, Asia, northern Africa, the Canary Islands, and the Philippine Islands. Most of them survive in temperate and cold temperatures, but some are only for warm or subtropical climates. Pinus is the botanical name for the Pine tree. Pine trees have two types of leaves. The leaves of seedâ€¦

Pinwheel
(Aeonium) This group mostly consists of quick-growing, small to medium-sized succulents that form rosettes of waxy leaves. These succulents may be stem-less or shrub-like. Natives of the Canary Islands, Cape Verde Islands, Madeira and parts of Africa, they thrive best in warm, dry climates. Since they grow well in direct sunlight, they are good for window gardens, though some prefer shade. Mature plants range in height from 1Â½ to 6 feet. The foliage varies among the varieties; some are colored dâ€¦

Pistia
(Water Lettuce) This tropical, aquatic plant is a native to tropical America and the southern parts of the U.S. The Water Lettuce, as it is commonly called, produces attractive rosettes of bright green, deeply veined, velvety leaves that grow up to 10 inches long and 4 inches wide. Inconspicuous, Arum-like, white flowers grow amidst the lush foliage. Plantlets are produced on slender stems that grow out from the mother plant. Water Lettuce has feathery roots that provide shelter and spawning matâ€¦

Pitcher Plant
(Nepenthes) These are interesting, frost-tender, insectivorous perennials that are mostly epiphytic (A plant that grows on trees or some other support without harming them and obtains nutrients and moisture from the air without rooting into the soil are epiphytes.). They are natives of the tropical forests of Southeast Asia, Malaya, Borneo, China and India. Some of the leaves form dangling, lidded, colored pitchers to trap and digest insects. N. hookeriana has evergreen, lance-shaped, dark greenâ€¦

Copy of `Botany - Flower terms`

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