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Botany - Flower terms
Category: Animals and Nature > Botany
Date & country: 09/09/2007, USA.
Words: 2228

Schefflera
These are tropical and sub-tropical shrubs and small trees. Some are grown outside in the warm areas of the U.S. and one, S. actinophylla, has become especially popular for growing as a pot or tub plant. S. actinophylla is a small evergreen tree that can grow up to 30 feet high. Its leaves grow from long stems and are large, digitate (fingered) and dark green. This plant grows quickly in any fairly good soil and it loves partial shade. It is originally from Australia.â€¦

Schizanthus
(Butterfly Flower, Poor-Man's Orchid) These annuals are found wild in Chile. They form neat clumps, 15 to 30 inches tall. Their leaves grow mostly toward the base and are pinnately cut and divided, growing up to 6 inches long. The flowers are shallow cups, up to 2 inches across. They may be white, pink, violet, lilac, or purplish and are often bicolored. They grow better outdoors in cooler weather. Seasons include from late winter to spring in mild climates, late spring to early summer in warm, â€¦

Schizostylis
(Kaffir Lily) These perennials, commonly known as Kaffir Lilies, are autumn-flowering plants. S. coccinea 'Sunrise' is a pretty plant that grows up to 2 feet high. It produces basal clumps of long, slender, sword-shaped, ribbed leaves. The large, shallowly cup-shaped, pink flowers are borne in erect spikes in early fall. S. coccinea 'Major' grows 2 feet or more high and has bright crimson-scarlet flowers in early fall.â€¦

Schlumbergera
(Christmas Cactus) Commonly known as Christmas Cactus, a true cactus, native to Brazil (also known as Zygocactus). These plants have a wide flat green stem that look like leaves and produce colorful flowers. The flowers come in a wide variety of colors, red, purple, peach, orange, pinks and creams. Christmas cactus grows best in bright light, direct sun can cause the plant to turn yellow. Most of the growing is done between April and September, ideal temperature at this time isâ€¦

Scindapsus
(Amapallo Amarillo, Devil's Ivy, Hunter's Robe, Ivy Arum, Pothos Ivy, Taro Vine) This small group consists of twenty tropical, climbing plants native to Southeast Asia. These plants are valued for their large, attractively variegated leaves, which may be heart-shaped or ovate. These plants, commonly known as Amapallo Amarillo, Devil's Ivy, Hunter's Robe, Ivy Arum, Pothos Ivy, and Taro Vine, also produce arum-like flowers with greenish-colored spathes. These plants are excellent for growing in a â€¦

Scopolia
This clump forming perennial is found wild from central and southeastern Europe to Russia. It has oval to oblong coarse, green leaves that have pointy tips. In early spring, tubular to bell-shaped flowers are borne singly in the leaf axils. They are pale yellow to brownish-purple with yellow insides. This plant grows up to 2 feet high and wide.â€¦

Scorzonera
(Black Oyster Plant, Black Salsify, Scorzonera, Viper's Grass) Black Salsify, also known as Viper's Grass and Black Oyster Plant, is a hardy perennial, which belongs to the Daisy family, Compositae. They grow wild in southern and eastern Europe and in northern Africa. They are grown for their edible taproots, which are long, thin and black. These plants grow 2 to 3 feet high and have long, slender leaves, sometimes lobed. In their second season, they will produce yellow flowers that are 2 inchesâ€¦

Scouring Rush
(Equisetum) These hardy perennials are commonly known as Horsetail Rush or Scouring Rush. These plants grow wild in North America and are suited for planted at the edge of the water garden. E. hyemale grows up to 4 feet high. It has hollow, bright green, furrowed stems that are banded with black; they resemble little Bamboo plants. Male plants produce a brownish pollen cone on their tips and female plants bear spikelet-like growths on their tips. E. scorpoides, the Dwarf Horsetail, is a smaller â€¦

Screw Pine
(Pandanus) This tropical plant comes from Africa, Polynesia, Australia, and India. In their native lands they can reach a height of 60 feet. Their trunks are ringed with horizontal leaf scars, and roots, which act like props, grow from miscellaneous spots on the trunk and main stems into the ground and reduce the danger of the tree being blown over during storms. The leaves grow in clusters right out of the ends of the branches. They are shaped like long, thin swords, 2-3 feet in length. They arâ€¦

Scurvy Grass
(Barbarea) This small vegetable is originally from Europe. It's a biennial that loves cool weather. If not watched, it could become a pesky weed. They grow quickly into dandelion like rosettes of dark green, deeply lobed foliage. B. verna, also known as Upland Cress, Early Winter Cress, American Cress, Belle Isle Cress and Scurvy Grass, is used in salads or to add a nippy taste to mixed greens for cooking.â€¦

Sea Kale
(Crambe) These hardy perennials originate in Asia and Europe and include one, C. maritima, also known as Sea Kale, which is used as a vegetable. C. Cordifolia, Heartleaf Crambe, is a vigorous, many-branched plant with very large, dark green leaves that are heart-shaped and crinkled. The white, 4-petaled flowers are tiny and are borne in large, loose sprays in the summer. The Heartleaf Crambe can grow up to 6 feet high with a spread of 4 feet or more. C. maritima, the Sea Kale, grows wild in the â€¦

Sea Lavender
(Limonium) These annuals or perennials are found wild on the seacoasts and in salt marshes and are widely distributed over the Northern Hemisphere. The Limoniums, along with the Armerias (Thrifts), were once included in the group Statice and are still often known by that name in gardens. They form upright clumps, 1 to 3 feet high. The coarse foliage grows mainly from the base and is 4 to 6 inches long. They resemble the foliage of the Dandelion. The flowers of many kinds are in loose panicles anâ€¦

Sea-Urchin Cactus
(Astrophytum) This popular group of cacti consists of only four wild species and maybe a dozen hybrids. These natives to Mexico are suitable for growing in greenhouses, windowsills and outdoors where climates permit. Most of these cacti form short, spherical plants that may or may not have spines. They are usually flecked with small, white scales. In spring to late summer, numerous, large, daisy-like, yellow flowers grow at the plant's crown. Each long-lasting flower opens completely in bright lâ€¦

Sechium
(Chayote, Christophine, Mirliton, Vegetable Pear) This is a semi-hardy perennial vine native to South America. It can grow up to 15 feet in the mid-South and up to 30 feet in the Southwest. The Chayote produces waxy-green, pear shaped fruits. Some are spiny and some are ridged. Other common names that is goes by includes Mirliton, Christophine and Vegetable Pear. In climates where they can survive the winter, the tuberous roots grow large and can be eaten candied, boiled, or roasted.â€¦

Sedum
(Ice Plant, Stonecrop) This is a large group of hardy and tender succulent annuals and perennials. Only one of the annual kinds, S. caeruleum, is of any garden importance, however. Sedums, commonly called Stonecrop, are widely distributed throughout the Northern Hemisphere. S. 'Ruby Glow' is a pretty plant that forms clumps of plump, oval, purple gray leaves. From late summer to fall, a profusion of tiny, ruby red flowers are borne in compact, flattened heads atop leafy stems. This plant grows 1â€¦

Selaginella
(Resurrection Plant, Spreading Club Moss, Trailing Spike Moss) These tender, spreading perennials are grown for their pretty, scale-like foliage. They can be used for edging greenhouse benches, covering pillars, planting in hanging baskets and decorating terrariums. Most of these plants are found wild in tropical America and Asia, but some come from China, Japan, North America, South Africa and Australia. S. martensii is a pretty plant that grows up to 9 inches high and wide. Its tiny, glossy grâ€¦

Semiarundinaria
(Bamboo) This Bamboo is native to Japan. Bamboos need moist soil all the time, especially when weather is dry. They are great for planting in wetlands and near rivers and streams. S. fastuosa grows up to 40 feet in height. It has hollow stems that are variegated with purplish-brown. Its glossy green leaves have a bluish hue underneath and they grow up to 7 inches long and an inch wide. This Bamboo is fairly hardy over much of North America.â€¦

Senecio
(California Geranium, Cape Ivy, Cineraria, Dusty Miller, German Ivy, Groundsel, Ragwort, Velvet Geranium) This is a large group of hardy and tender annuals and perennials that may have shrubby, herbaceous, or climbing growth. Senecios are found wild in almost every country, especially in southern Europe; others are found in South Africa, New Zealand, Australia, China, Japan, the United States and Mexico. They vary in size and shape, particularly their foliage, but almost all have yellow or purplâ€¦

Senita Cereus
(Pachycereus) This group consists of twelve, columnar-shaped cacti native to parts of the southern United States and Mexico. This group contains some of the largest-growing cacti; they range in height from 13 to 42 feet. Some have solitary stems but many branch to form clumps or even trees. Mature plants that are 6 to 15 years old bear flowers. The blossoms are funnel-shaped and tinged with white or pink. They only open at night and are produced at the stem tips in spring to early summer. They aâ€¦

Senna
(Cassia) Most of these shrubs are evergreen. They come mainly from tropical America. Their height ranges from 6 to 50 feet. Their dark green, shiny leaves are pinnate and they bear terminal clusters of golden-yellow flowers in the summer. Most Cassias are only hardy outdoors in the far South. C. corymbosa, a native from South America, can be cultivated in a cool, sunny greenhouse. C. glauca, a native from tropical Asia, and C. splendida, a native from Brazil, can also be grown in a greenhouse. Câ€¦

Serpent Gourd
(Trichosanthes) This Gourd, as all other Gourds, belong to the Cucumber family, Cucurbitaceae. Unlike their edible relatives such as Melons, Squashes, Cucumbers and Pumpkins, Gourds are mainly grown for ornament. All are tendril-bearing vines that will sprawl if not supported. T. anguina, the Serpent, Snake, or Club Gourd, is an annual vine with angled, fuzzy, stems and branched tendrils. It is covered with broadly angled or lobed leaves and white flowers. The length of the fruit, which resembleâ€¦

Service Tree
(Sorbus) This is a large group or mostly hardy, deciduous trees and shrubs. They are very easily grown and among the most decorative trees for the yard providing an attractive display for more than one season. There are basically two different types of Sorbus. The plants belonging to the first type are commonly known as Whitebeams. They have simple leaves that often have serrated margins and are sometimes lobed. The leaves are ordinarily white or silvery beneath giving them a shimmering look wheâ€¦

Serviceberry
(Amelanchier) This group consists of beautiful, flowering shrubs and trees mostly native of North America. They are commonly known as Serviceberries, Juneberries, Shadbush, Shad-blow and Snowy Mespilus. Serviceberries are some of the earliest spring-blooming trees. These trees have slender branches and smooth, pale gray bark. They begin to bloom in their first year producing a profusion of short spikes of pure-white, 1-inch flowers. The flowers are followed, in early summer, by small, sweet, redâ€¦

Shad-Blow
(Amelanchier) This group consists of beautiful, flowering shrubs and trees mostly native of North America. They are commonly known as Serviceberries, Juneberries, Shadbush, Shad-blow and Snowy Mespilus. Serviceberries are some of the earliest spring-blooming trees. These trees have slender branches and smooth, pale gray bark. They begin to bloom in their first year producing a profusion of short spikes of pure-white, 1-inch flowers. The flowers are followed, in early summer, by small, sweet, redâ€¦

Shadbush
(Amelanchier) This group consists of beautiful, flowering shrubs and trees mostly native of North America. They are commonly known as Serviceberries, Juneberries, Shadbush, Shad-blow and Snowy Mespilus. Serviceberries are some of the earliest spring-blooming trees. These trees have slender branches and smooth, pale gray bark. They begin to bloom in their first year producing a profusion of short spikes of pure-white, 1-inch flowers. The flowers are followed, in early summer, by small, sweet, redâ€¦

Shaddock
(Citrus) These plants are native to the southern and southeastern mainland of Asia and the bordering Malayan islands. They are small, spiny shrubs or trees with alternate, usually evergreen, leaves, which are shiny and leathery and dotted with oil glands. The stems are mostly winged and jointed with the leaves and there is usually a spine on the twigs at the attachment of each stem. Their flowers smell sweet and they have five petals that are white and some kinds have purple staining the oâ€¦

Shallon
(Gaultheria) This group consists of 150 fragrant, evergreen shrubs native to the Andes, North America, Australasia, and eastern Asia. These shrubs produce tufts of shiny or leathery, oval leaves and, in late spring or early summer, pendant, white, bell-shaped flowers. The flowers are followed by fleshy, red or black fruit. G. procumbens (Checkerberry; Teaberry; Wintergreen) is a hardy, creeping shrub that forms mats of dark green leaves that turn purple in the autumn. The white to pink-tinged flâ€¦

Shallot
(Allium) These hardy bulbs grow wild in many parts of the world. Many of the varieties are commonly known vegetables such as the Chives, Garlic, Leek, Onion, Ramp and Shallot. Many kinds are grown for their pretty clusters of flowers, which come in an array of colors during the spring and summer. Some of the smaller kinds are great for the rock garden and some in the flower border. A. Rosenbachianum is one of the prettiest grown for its flowers. It produces rose-purple flowers on 2Â½- to 3-foot sâ€¦

Sharp-Leaved Jacaranda
(Jacaranda) This tender tree is a native of South America. J. acutifolia (Green Ebony and Sharp-leaved Jacaranda) is a beautiful, decorative tree growing from 25 to 50 feet tall. This tree can be grown along streets or as lawn ornaments. This tree can only be grown in frost-free climates, or while it is small, in containers indoors. The Jacaranda will develop many trunks unless pruned to have only one while it is young. The pinnate leaves of this tree are feathery-looking. They grow from 11/2 toâ€¦

Shasta Daisy
(Chrysanthemum) These hardy plants are natives of China, Japan, northern Africa, and southern Europe. They belong to the Daisy family, Compositae. Their flowers come in every color except blue. Their blooms come in a huge variety of shapes and sizes. Some are spherical in shape and have incurved petals at the center. Some have tubular-shaped petals of unequal length with little hooks at the end. Spoon Chrysanthemums have rather flat petals that are spoon-shaped at the end. Anemone Chrysanthemumsâ€¦

Shepherd'S Purse
(Capsella) This frost-hardy annual is originally from Europe and has naturalized widely. This plant has a flavor resembling Mustard. The branched stems rise up from a basal rosette of leaves. In early summer, spikes, 12 to 2 feet high and bearing white flowers, rise out of the foliage. The blossoms are followed by purse-shaped fruits.â€¦

Shield Fern
(Dryopteris) This is a large group of ferns, which are all pretty easy to cultivate, whether they are hardy or tender. D. Filix-mas (the Male fern) has fronds up to 2 feet long and a foot wide. They are great for placing in open woodland or for shady spots. D. erythrosora, a native of Japan, grows fronds up to 18 inches long. It makes a very lovely houseplant. D. Linnaeana (the Oak Fern) has broad fronds, 6 to 10 inches long.â€¦

Shining Ball
(Echinopsis) This large group of beautiful cacti is native to the southern part of South America. These species range from very small and globular to tall, columnar plants reaching a height of up to 30 feet. They come in a wide variety of sizes and colors as well as produce large, gorgeous blossoms in an array of colors. Many of these cacti can survive near-freezing temperatures and neglect. They are excellent for growing in containers in greenhouses, homes and outdoors and as landscape plants. â€¦

Shiso
(Perilla) This group of plants contains many annuals, however, only one is commonly grown in gardens. P. frutescens will grow about 3 feet high and is bushy and self-branching. The leaves resemble those of the Sweet Basil, but may also be ruffled. They are fuzzy, dark purple or green and grow up to 3 inches long. This plant is found wild in India and China and belongs to the Mint family, Labiatae. Their flowers aren't flashy as these plants are mainly grown for their ornamental foliage, which isâ€¦

Shower Of Gold
(Cassia) Most of these shrubs are evergreen. They come mainly from tropical America. Their height ranges from 6 to 50 feet. Their dark green, shiny leaves are pinnate and they bear terminal clusters of golden-yellow flowers in the summer. Most Cassias are only hardy outdoors in the far South. C. corymbosa, a native from South America, can be cultivated in a cool, sunny greenhouse. C. glauca, a native from tropical Asia, and C. splendida, a native from Brazil, can also be grown in a greenhouse. Câ€¦

Shrimp Plant
(Beloperone) These shrubs are natives of Brazil and Mexico. B. guttata, the Shrimp Plant, grows 2-3 feet tall and has dark green leaves and spikes of white flowers, which are shaped like long tubes that open out into two lips at the top. The flowers are surrounded by brownish-rose or yellow bracts that give them the appearance of boiled shrimp. This plant is popular for window gardens, it can be grown in greenhouses and in tropical climates, outdoors. B. oblongata grows up to 3 feet and has rosyâ€¦

Shrub Althaea
(Hibiscis) This is a group of hardy and tender shrubs and annual and perennial plants that come from Asia and tropical East Africa. These plants flourish in sunny positions. Tropical Hibiscus can only grow in climates that are frostless, such as Hawaii, southern California and southern Florida. They can form shrubs up to 30 feet tall. They have evergreen leaves, sometimes marked with cream or rose and bear large, trumpet-shaped flowers that are pink, yellow, scarlet, or crimson in the spring andâ€¦

Siberian Gooseberry
(Actinidia) This group consists of about 30 species of hardy and tender, deciduous, climbing plants that are natives of eastern Asia. These plants are great for growing on trellises, along fences, covering walls, or tall stumps. They are grown for their beauty as well as their fruits and are commonly known as Kiwi or Chinese Gooseberry. A. chinensis (also known as A. deliciosa) is a tender, large vine that can reach a height of 28 feet. Its shoots are thickly covered with reddish hairs andâ€¦

Sidalcea
These summer-flowering perennials are natives of North America. They range in height from 2 to 4 feet. S. malviflora, commonly known as Checkerbloom or Prairie Mallow, is a beautiful plant that forms mostly basal clumps of bright green foliage. The leaves are divided into 7 to 9 rounded lobes. In the summer, terminal racemes of bowl-shaped flowers are produced. Their silky petals are colored pink or lilac-pink and have lighter colored veins. These plants provide beautiful cut flowers.â€¦

Sidesaddle Flower
(Sarracenia) These frost-tender, insectivorous perennials are grown for their ornamental pitcher-like leaves and pretty flowers. They are commonly known as Pitcher Plants, Trumpets and Sidesaddle Flowers. They are natives of the warmer parts of North America. S. flava is an erect-growing plant up to 18 inches in height. Its leaves form erect, hooded, trumpet-shaped pitchers, 1 to 3 feet tall. They are yellowish-green with maroon veins. From late spring to early summer, slender stems rise out of â€¦

Silk Oak
(Grevillea) These shrubs and trees come from Australia and are grown for their beautiful fern-like foliage and small tubular flowers. They can be grown outside in mild climates such as California. Outdoors, in regular soil, they can grow over 100 feet tall. Most of them have small, thin, tomentose (woolly-coated) leaves. G. robusta does not flower while small; it's mainly grown for its ornamental foliage. Other kinds such as G. Thelemanniana and G. rosmarinifolia will produce flowers when grown â€¦

Silk Tree
(Albizzia) Albizzia is a group of quick-growing, popular flowering trees, grown in the southern and western parts of the U.S. Albizzias are natives of Persia, Japan, and other Eastern countries and in Australia. A. Julibrissin, commonly known as Mimosa or Silk Tree, can reach a height of 30-40 feet. The foliage is feathery, resembling a fern's and their leaflets fold together at night. The 5- to 8-inch fluffy clusters of pink flowers are produced all summer long and are very attractive to humminâ€¦

Silkweed
(Asclepias) Most of these perennials are from North America, but at least one is from South Africa and one is found in tropical America. Nearly all of these erect plants grow 2 or 3 feet high, but one, A. physocarpa (also known as Gomphocarpus physocarpus and commonly known as the Swan Plant), grows up to 6 feet high with a spread of 2 feet. This plant has lance-shaped, medium green, hairy leaves. During the summer, umbels of creamy or greenish-white flowers are produced; these are followed by iâ€¦

Silver Bell Tree
(Halesia) These medium-sized, deciduous trees are very attractive lawn ornaments. Commonly known as Silver Bell Trees or Snowdrop Trees, they bear clusters of pendant, bell-shaped, white or pale pink flowers, in the spring. The blossoms last about a week and are followed by four-winged seedpods in the fall. H. carolina (Carolina Silver Bell) grows 20 to 30 feet high. It grows wild from West Virginia to Florida and Texas. It forms a rounded head of green, 3- to 5-inch leaves that turn yellow in tâ€¦

Silver Cluster Cactus
(Mammillaria) This group consists of about 250 species of cacti that are natives of Mexico, Columbia, Guatemala, Honduras, the southern US, Venezuela, and the West Indies. They range from small plants, Â¾-inch in size to huge clusters over 3 feet across. They have cylindrical or globular shapes, which may clump or remain solitary. The tubercles are spirally arranged along the body and from these grow many spines. The spines come in a variety of colors, shapes and sizes and really add to the plantâ€¦

Silver Dollar Cactus
(Astrophytum) This popular group of cacti consists of only four wild species and maybe a dozen hybrids. These natives to Mexico are suitable for growing in greenhouses, windowsills and outdoors where climates permit. Most of these cacti form short, spherical plants that may or may not have spines. They are usually flecked with small, white scales. In spring to late summer, numerous, large, daisy-like, yellow flowers grow at the plant's crown. Each long-lasting flower opens completely in bright lâ€¦

Silver Dollar Plant
(Crassula) This large group consists of succulent plants that are natives of South Africa and Madagascar. The succulents in this group vary greatly in shape and size. Some varieties only grow an inch high at maturity, while others become 15-foot trees. C. ovata (Jade Plant; Chinese Rubber Tree; Money Plant) is an evergreen succulent that forms a large bush or small tree. Its shiny green, fleshy leaves are round or lance shaped and sometimes edged with red. In the spring, its old leaves fall; at â€¦

Silver Dollars
(Lunaria) These annuals and perennials are found naturally from Europe to eastern Siberia. They are grown for their pretty flowers and decorative seedpods, called silicles. Lunaria (commonly called Honesty, Money Plant, Moonwort, Satin Flower and Silver Dollars) is derived from luna, the moon, and refers to the shape of the seedpods. L. rediviva is a perennial that grows 24 to 30 inches high. Its oval-lance-shaped leaves are finely serrated and medium green; they are sometimes tingâ€¦

Silver Heather
(Cassinia) This group consists of about 28 evergreen, heath-like shrubs found wild in New Zealand, Australia and South Africa. C. fulvida (Golden Cottonwood, Golden Heather or Heath) is a small, dense shrub with upright growth. Its slender branches are covered with small leaves that have golden undersides giving the plant a tawny-yellow color. The new growths are sticky to touch. In mid-summer, dense terminal heads of white flowers are produced. C. vauvilliersii var. albida (Silver Heather or Heâ€¦

Silver Saw Palm
(Paurotis) This handsome Palm has several common names including Saw Palmetto, Saw Cabbage Palm, Silver Saw Palm and Everglade Palm. This tree is a native of Florida, the West Indies and Central America. It grows from 30 to 40 feet in height and has nearly round leaves that grow 2 or 3 feet across. They are green above and silvery underneath.â€¦

Silver Torch Cactus
(Cleistocactus) These popular, columnar cacti are found wild from Ecuador and Argentina to Uruguay. These handsome, branching cacti are equipped with white, beige, or gold, needle-like spines. Between spring and fall, most of these cacti bear a profusion of small, vividly colored flowers, which are pollinated by hummingbirds. They are followed by red, yellow, or green berries. C. winteri forms tangled mounds of long, slender, arching stems that are covered in golden spines. This plant reaches a â€¦

Silver Vine
(Actinidia) This group consists of about 30 species of hardy and tender, deciduous, climbing plants that are natives of eastern Asia. These plants are great for growing on trellises, along fences, covering walls, or tall stumps. They are grown for their beauty as well as their fruits and are commonly known as Kiwi or Chinese Gooseberry. A. chinensis (also known as A. deliciosa) is a tender, large vine that can reach a height of 28 feet. Its shoots are thickly covered with reddish hairs andâ€¦

Silver Wattle
(Acacia) This group consists of about 1,000 species that are found in tropical and subtropical regions, especially in Australia and Africa. These evergreens should not be confused with the trees and shrubs commonly known as acacia, which belong to the group Robinia. These tender evergreens are totally different and are commonly known as Mimosas and Wattles. The Australian types are called Wattles because their lumber was used by early settlers in the wattle-and-daub method of building homeâ€¦

Silver-Net Leaf
(Fittonia) These tropical, creeping perennials are natives of Peru. They are grown for their ornamental foliage. They have fleshy, trailing stems and oval, brightly colored leaves. F. Verschaffeltii has olive green leaves veined with scarlet or ruby red. Insignificant flowers grow on this plant and if they are pinched off the plant will be less straggly. Its variety argyroneura has dark, emerald green leaves netted with white; its flowers also need to be pinched off regularly. These plants grow â€¦

Silverberry
(Elaegnus) This is a group of evergreen and deciduous trees or large shrubs commonly known as Oleasters. Oleasters make gorgeous lawn ornaments and are able to withstand city living. E. angustifolia, the Russian Olive, is a vigorous growing tree native to Asia and Europe. This tree usually has more than one trunk that eventually becomes gnarled and covered with dark brown, shaggy bark. This variety, when grown as a single-trunked tree, can grow up to 25 feet high. It can also be grown with multiâ€¦

Sinningia
(Gloxinia) These frost-tender perennials, commonly known as Gloxinia, are natives of Brazil. S. 'Red Flicker' grows up to a foot high and has basal rosettes of large, oval, bluish green leaves. The large, fleshy, tubular, pinkish-red flowers are produced on short stems, in the summer. S. 'Switzerland' is a beautiful plant with large, velvety dark green leaves. The flowers are scarlet with ruffled, white-edged petals.â€¦

Sium
(Skirret, Water Parsnip) This vegetable, the Skirret or Water Parsnip, was once popular in the American colonies, but is rarely grown now. If you enjoy Root Parsley and Salsify, you should try Skirret. This hardy perennial provides a cluster of knobby, sweet tasting roots in the autumn and winter, from which grow rosettes of feathery leaves.â€¦

Skeleton Fork Fern
(Psilotum) These are frost-tender, subtropical or tropical, terrestrial or epiphytic (grows on a host, such as a tree, to obtain nutrients, but isn't a parasite) Ferns grown for their interesting skeletal or broom-like fronds. P. nudum, commonly known as Skeleton Fork Fern, grows 2 feet high with a spread of 18 inches. If terrestrial, this Fern's growth is branched and erect; if epiphytic, its growth will be pendulous. The tiny, triangular leaves grow on triangular, branching stems. They are palâ€¦

Skirret
(Sium) This vegetable, the Skirret or Water Parsnip, was once popular in the American colonies, but is rarely grown now. If you enjoy Root Parsley and Salsify, you should try Skirret. This hardy perennial provides a cluster of knobby, sweet tasting roots in the autumn and winter, from which grow rosettes of feathery leaves.â€¦

Sky Vine
(Thunbergia) These tender vines are natives of tropical Africa, South Africa, tropical Asia and India. These plants are usually treated as annuals, though they will behave as perennials in mild climates. They will grow 3 to 15 feet long. The ovate to triangular leaves grow up to 4 inches long and they produce flowers that may grow solitary or in clusters. They look like flaring tubes, 1 to 2 inches across. They may be orange, yellow, or white, with or without a brownish-purple eye.â€¦

Smilax
(Asparagus) Asparagus plants are not only a delicious vegetable, but different species can also be lovely as houseplants. The Asparagus officinalis is the botanical name of the garden variety. It grows wild in southern Europe, southwestern England, and southern Ireland. Most of the greenhouse varieties come from South Africa. These are perennial plants with erect stems and tiny branches bearing inconspicuous flowers followed by reddish berries that contain black seeds. They can be grown outdoorsâ€¦

Smooth Barked Apple
(Angophora) Seven species of trees and shrubs all Australia.â€¦

Smyrnium
(Alexanders, Black Lovage, Horse Parsley) Black Loveage, Horse Parsley and Alexanders; these are all common names for this herb. At one time, Alexanders were grown as a major culinary and medicinal plant, but are now hardly seen in today's herb garden. This biennial is large and resembles celery. They grow from 3 to 5 feet high and their dark stems are topped by glossy, 3-part leaves and bunches of white flowers. The leaves, stems, flowers and seed buds may all be eaten.â€¦

Snake Gourd
(Trichosanthes) This Gourd, as all other Gourds, belong to the Cucumber family, Cucurbitaceae. Unlike their edible relatives such as Melons, Squashes, Cucumbers and Pumpkins, Gourds are mainly grown for ornament. All are tendril-bearing vines that will sprawl if not supported. T. anguina, the Serpent, Snake, or Club Gourd, is an annual vine with angled, fuzzy, stems and branched tendrils. It is covered with broadly angled or lobed leaves and white flowers. The length of the fruit, which resembleâ€¦

Snapdragon
(Antirrhinum) These summer-flowering plants are great for garden beds and borders. They are also good for decorating the greenhouse and are grown under glass by florists for cut flowers. They grow wild in North America and Europe and belong to the Foxglove family. Antirrhinum is derived from anti, like, and rhin, nose or snout, which refers to the shape of the flower. Antirrhinums are commonly known as Snapdragons. In mild climates, the common Snapdragon, A. majus, and its vaâ€¦

Snow-On-The-Mountain
(Euphorbia) These plants come in a wide assortment of shapes. Some resemble Cacti, forming almost leafless, green, spindly stems with small flowers at the ends, some are boring weeds, a few would accent the herbaceous border, some are lovely flowering shrubs and some have tree-like growth. Euphorbias contain a milky-looking poisonous sap that the stems and leaves secrete after any injury. It may cause blisters on sensitive skin; therefore, care should be taken when handling these plants. The actâ€¦

Snowball
(Mammillaria) This group consists of about 250 species of cacti that are natives of Mexico, Columbia, Guatemala, Honduras, the southern US, Venezuela, and the West Indies. They range from small plants, Â¾-inch in size to huge clusters over 3 feet across. They have cylindrical or globular shapes, which may clump or remain solitary. The tubercles are spirally arranged along the body and from these grow many spines. The spines come in a variety of colors, shapes and sizes and really add to the plantâ€¦

Snowball Cactus
(Espostoa) This group consists of sixteen, columnar cacti from the Andes of southern Ecuador and Peru. In their native habitat, they grow in very rocky soil on the sides of steep valleys, but in cultivation, they grow well in any well-drained soil. Most species are clothed in woolly spines through which longer, sharp spines protrude. After 10 to 30 years, when they reach flowering size, a cephalium, or thick beard of white wool forms on one side of the upper stem. Unpleasant smelling, tubular, lâ€¦

Snowbell
(Styrax) This group of deciduous and evergreen trees and shrubs are natives of North America, Europe and Asia. They are commonly known as Snowbells or Storax. S. japonica (Japanese Snowbell) is an attractive, slow-growing, flowering shrub or tree that eventually reaches a height of up to 30 feet. It produces a round head of wide-spreading branches covered with narrow, glossy green leaves, 1Â½ to 3 inches long. The foliage is remarkably pest-free and turns red and yellow colors in autumn. In earlyâ€¦

Snowbush
(Breynia) This is a small tree or shrub that is native to the South Sea Islands. This plant can be grown in greenhouses and in Florida and California, outside. B. nivosa is prized for its decorative foliage, which is white and green. Its variety, atropurpurea has dark purple leaves and the variety, roseo-picta, has pink and red colors on its leaves.â€¦

Snowdrop Tree
(Halesia) These medium-sized, deciduous trees are very attractive lawn ornaments. Commonly known as Silver Bell Trees or Snowdrop Trees, they bear clusters of pendant, bell-shaped, white or pale pink flowers, in the spring. The blossoms last about a week and are followed by four-winged seedpods in the fall. H. carolina (Carolina Silver Bell) grows 20 to 30 feet high. It grows wild from West Virginia to Florida and Texas. It forms a rounded head of green, 3- to 5-inch leaves that turn yellow in tâ€¦

Snowflakes
(Nymphoides) These hardy and tender, aquatic perennials are originally from Asia, Europe, North America and the tropics. N. aquatica, commonly known as Banana Lily, is hardy only in warm climates. Its floating leaves are 4 inches long and have rough undersides. It produces white flowers. N. cristatum, the Variegated Water Snowflake, has round, floating leaves edged with red. It produces a profusion of white flowers. This plant will need to be kept under control. N. geminata, Yellow Fringe, has gâ€¦

Snowy Mespilus
(Amelanchier) This group consists of beautiful, flowering shrubs and trees mostly native of North America. They are commonly known as Serviceberries, Juneberries, Shadbush, Shad-blow and Snowy Mespilus. Serviceberries are some of the earliest spring-blooming trees. These trees have slender branches and smooth, pale gray bark. They begin to bloom in their first year producing a profusion of short spikes of pure-white, 1-inch flowers. The flowers are followed, in early summer, by small, sweet, redâ€¦

Soft Tree Fern
(Dicksonia) These Ferns, commonly called Man Fern, Soft Tree Fern and Tree Fern, are found in tropical America, New Zealand and Australia. These Ferns can reach a height of 40 feet with a spread of 12 feet. D. antarctica is a trunk-forming Fern that grows up to 30 feet high. It has evergreen or semi-evergreen, long, arching fronds that are divided into linear segments. They are pale green when young and turn dark green as they age. The fronds grow up to 10 feet long. This plant is great for a coâ€¦

Solanum
(African Holly, Aubergine, Bittersweet, Brinjal, Christmas Cherry, Eggplant, Garden Huckleberry, Jerusalem Cherry, Melongene, Potato, Scarlet Eggplant, Sunberry, Tomato Eggplant, Wonderberry, Woody Nightshade) This is a large group of tender and hardy, herbaceous, shrubby, or climbing plants. They are found wild in many countries, but mainly in Costa Rica, Chile, tropical Africa and Europe. Several kinds are found in North America. Many are grown for decoration, but two are grown as vegetables. â€¦

Sollya
(Australian Bluebell Creeper) This is an evergreen, tender, climbing plant that is found in Australia. It has thin, woody, twining stems that are covered with both narrow, lance-shaped to oblong leaves and divided leaves. Their pretty blue flowers are shaped like little bells, a half-inch long. They grow in pendent clusters throughout the summer. In the mild climates of the South, they may be cultivated outdoors as a vine or ground cover. Sollyas grow about 6 feet tall. They are good for growingâ€¦

Solomon'S Seal
(Polygonatum) These perennials, commonly known as Solomon's Seal, are mainly natives to North America and various parts of Europe. P. hirtum grows up to 3 feet high with a 1-foot spread. Its lance- to oval-shaped, fresh green leaves are arranged alternately on the stems. The leaves, stems and leaf stalks are slightly fuzzy. In late spring, arching stems carrying drooping clusters of small, tubular flowers are produced. The flowers are white tipped with green. P. hybridum grows up to 4 feet high â€¦

Sophora
(Chinese Scholar Tree, Japanese Pagoda Tree, Kowhai, Mescal Bean, New Zealand Sophora) This is a group of tender and hardy, evergreen and deciduous trees and shrubs. S. japonica, the Chinese Scholar Tree or Japanese Pagoda Tree, is a native of China. This handsome, deciduous plant makes a wonderful shade tree and can even tolerate the polluted atmosphere of the city. When grown in a yard, the Japanese Pagoda Tree can reach a height ranging from 50 to 75 feet; however, when grown along the road iâ€¦

Sorbus
(Chequer Tree, Mountain Ash, Rowan Tree, Service Tree, White Beam, Whitebeam) This is a large group or mostly hardy, deciduous trees and shrubs. They are very easily grown and among the most decorative trees for the yard providing an attractive display for more than one season. There are basically two different types of Sorbus. The plants belonging to the first type are commonly known as Whitebeams. They have simple leaves that often have serrated margins and are sometimes lobed. The leaves are â€¦

Sorrel Tree
(Oxydendrum) This beautiful, deciduous tree is native to North America. O. arboreum, commonly known as the Sorrel Tree or Sourwood, is a small, slow growing tree that ultimately reaches a height of only 25 feet. The Sorrel Tree is covered with tough, shiny dark green leaves that open with a reddish hue in the spring. The oblong lance-shaped leaves are alternately arranged on the branches and grow from 4 to 7 inches long and 11/2 to 21/2 inches wide. In autumn, the foliage turns vivid shades of râ€¦

Sourwood
(Oxydendrum) This beautiful, deciduous tree is native to North America. O. arboreum, commonly known as the Sorrel Tree or Sourwood, is a small, slow growing tree that ultimately reaches a height of only 25 feet. The Sorrel Tree is covered with tough, shiny dark green leaves that open with a reddish hue in the spring. The oblong lance-shaped leaves are alternately arranged on the branches and grow from 4 to 7 inches long and 11/2 to 21/2 inches wide. In autumn, the foliage turns vivid shades of râ€¦

South African Sage Wood
(Buddleia) This group consists of about one hundred evergreen and deciduous, hardy and tender, flowering shrubs. They are originally from Asia, South Africa, North and South America. They are excellent plants for the garden and most blossom from mid-summer to early autumn. Their beauty is best seen when grown in a shrub or mixed border, rather than by themselves. Buddleias, commonly known as Butterfly Bushes, are valued mainly for their clusters of beautiful, fragrant, tubular-shaped flowers. Thâ€¦

South American Air Plant
(Kalanchoe) This large group consisting of succulent plants is found in subtropical and tropical countries throughout the world. These plants vary greatly; they range from leafy succulents to huge tree-like plants. The shapes, sizes and colors of the leaves are as equally diverse; some have whole or toothed edges, and some may be smooth or very fuzzy. Some species make excellent houseplants. In early spring or fall, bell-shaped flowers that may be white, red, purple, yellow, orange, or broâ€¦

Southern Cane
(Arundinaria) This is a group of Bamboos. They belong to the Grass family, Gramineae. They are natives to the Himalayas, North America and China. A. gigantea, commonly known as Cane, Southern Cane, Cane Reed and Switchcane, grows wild in the bogs, stream and river sides and wet lands of the southern U.S. It is a rigid perennial that grows in thick stands up to 25 feet high. Its leaves are long, slender, flexible and lanceolate. The leaves that grow from the main stems and basal shoots are shorteâ€¦

Southernwood
(Artemisia) These hardy, shrubby or herbaceous plants are from Asia, Europe and North America. They belong to the Daisy family, Compositae. Some Artemisias are grown for their ornamental or fragrant leaves and others, for their flowers. A. tridentata (Sage Brush) is a shrubby native of desert and semi-desert regions in the West. A. vulgaris (Common Mugwort) is a perennial, herbaceous kind that is often a pestiferous weed. A. Abrotanum (Southernwood, Lad's Love or Old Man) grows 2 to3 feet â€¦

Soybean
(Glycine) These plants are commonly known as the Soybean. They are natives of Australia, Africa and Asia. These annuals are tall, upright bushes with roundish, fuzzy leaves and many short, hairy pods that stick closely to the stems. There are home garden varieties chosen for their earlier maturity, shorter height, longer pods and larger beans, which are more numerous. These are better than the adapted grain (dry bean) varieties. Some kinds have roots and foliage that taste sweet. Dry seeds are bâ€¦

Spanish Gorse
(Genista) This group consists of about eighty evergreen and deciduous, hardy and tender shrubs or small trees that are natives of Europe, western Asia, and North Africa. These plants, commonly known as Brooms, have whip-like branches and green branchlets that are sparsely covered with foliage. The masses of pea-like flowers are produced from late spring to late summer, depending on the variety. Brooms come in a variety of shapes and sizes that are suitable for many uses, such as in a small rock â€¦

Spanish Shawl
(Heterocentron) This is a small group of frost-tender perennials from Mexico, Honduras and Guatemala. This plant, commonly known as Spanish Shawl, is a thick, creeping plant, which will grow to 2 inches high and spread endlessly. Its small, oval to oblong leaves are medium green and bristly to downy. In the summer and fall, an abundance of small, 4-petaled, bright magenta- to mauve-colored flowers are produced.â€¦

Spathiphyllum
This group consists of about 35 tropical, evergreen, herbaceous plants native to the tropical forests of Central America, Indonesia, and the Philippines. These plants are valued for their handsome foliage and pretty flowers, which resemble Calla Lilies. These plants, commonly known as Peace Lilies, Snowflowers and Spathe Flowers, are suitable for growing as house or greenhouse plants in cool regions and outdoors in mild climates. Peace Lilies produce tufts of foliage, mostly under 3 feet,â€¦

Spatterdock
(Nuphar) These hardy, aquatic perennials are natives of Japan, Europe and North America. These floating plants have several popular names; they are called Spatterdock, Brandy Bottle, Yellow Pond Lily and Yellow Cow Lily. Spatterdocks produce large leaves growing 141/2' by10'. With a spread of up to 8 feet, these plants are mainly used in large water gardens. The flowers, in comparison with the leaves, are rather small; they are 2 to 21/2 inches, yellow and cup shaped. The flowers never seem likeâ€¦

Spear Lily
(Doryanthes) These tender perennials, known as Spear Lilies, are natives to Australia. They may be grown outdoors in warm regions; otherwise, they should be grown indoors. D. palmeri grows from 6 to 8 feet high with a spread of 8 feet. Its leaves are arching, sword-shaped, fleshy and green. They grow up to 6 feet long. The small flowers are produced intermittently in compact panicles. They have red bracts and are orange-red and white inside.â€¦

Spearmint
(Mentha) This is a large group of well-known perennial herbs, which are widely spread over the temperate parts of the world. Mentha includes the Apple Mint, Curly Mint, Pennyroyal, Peppermint, Pineapple Mint, Spearmint and Water or Bog Mint. Following are descriptions of each variety.â€¦

Spice Cactus
(Hatiora) There is only one commonly grown cactus of this group of Brazilian epiphytes; H. salicornioides is commonly called Drunkard's Dream and Spice Cactus. This small, epiphytic shrub forms a tall, profusely branching stem up to 16 inches high from which numerous shoots grow. The pendent, leafless shoots, which can grow over 6 inches long, are made up of bottle-shaped joints. If the plant is given bright light, the more slender portion of the joint will be shorter and the shoots will take onâ€¦

Spider Cacti
(Gymnocalycium) This group contains 80 variable species. They are natives of South American countries from Argentina, north to Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay, and Brazil. The plants range from small stems, 11/2 inches across, to stems 8 inches wide and high. They range in color from blue-green to gray or brown. Most of the species flower profusely and at an early age. The long-lasting flowers range in color from white to light yellow and pink and only open fully in bright light. The blossoms are folâ€¦

Spider Flower
(Cleome) These are annual herbaceous or semi-shrubby plants that are mostly from tropical and North America. They'll grow 2 to 6 feet high. Their leaves consist of 5 to 7 leaflets, up to 5 inches across and they grow on stiff, spiny stems. The racemes of flowers grow 5 to 6 inches across, are spidery looking and may be pink, rose or cherry rose. These are great plants for flower beds, borders, backgrounds or large pots.â€¦

Spider Plant
(Chlorophytum) These plants are native to tropical and southern Africa and are grown for their ornamental foliage. They form tufts of long, thin leaves that may vary in color. They produce clusters of small white flowers at the end of long, slender stalks that extend far above the foliage. After the flowers have died, there are little plantlets that will develop new plants when in contact with the soil. C. comosum variety Vittatum has long, slender green leaves with a white stripe running down tâ€¦

Spike Heath
(Bruckenthalia) This group consists of only one, evergreen bush that is native to southeastern Europe and Asia Minor. B. spiculifolia, Spike Heath, is a dwarf, heath-like plant that grows up to 10 inches high. This dwarf shrub is suitable for growing in rock gardens and borders. It has dark green foliage and produces terminal clusters of rose-pink, bell-shaped flowers, in early summer.â€¦

Spike Rush
(Eleocharis) This is a group of aquatic, rush-like perennials. Some grow naturally along the edges of ponds and others grow completely submerged. E. acicularis, Hair Grass, is a hardy variety native to North America, Asia and Europe. It has pale green, needle-like leaves, up to 8 inches in length. This plant spreads vigorously by means of rhizomes and care must be taken that it doesn't choke out other submerged plants. E. montevidensis, Spike Rush, is a handsome plant that grows from 6 to 12 incâ€¦

Spinach
(Spinacia) This plant is a very popular vegetable known as Spinach. Its tender, dark green leaves are great in salads and cooked. Described below is the common garden Spinach (S. oleracea). There are two other plants often grown in place of Spinach. These are Malabar Spinach and New Zealand Spinach (Basella Alba and Tetragonia tetragonioides, respectively.). Spinach grows quickly and loves cool weather. This annual forms clumps of long-stemmed leaves that can grow up to 12 inches long and 18 incâ€¦

Spinach Beet
(Beta) B. vulgaris is the botanical name for two varieties of vegetables. The Beet and Swiss Chard, also known as Leaf Beet or Spinach Beet. Both of these biennials are grown as annuals. The Beet belongs to a group of plants, which were selected from an ancient European species. This group includes Sugar Beets, grown for sugar extraction and mangel-wurzels, grown for livestock feed. Garden Beets are mainly grown for their edible, swollen roots, which come in a wide range of shapes and colors incâ€¦

Copy of `Botany - Flower terms`

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