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Superglossary - TV Category: Technical and IT > TV Date & country: 09/12/2013, USA Words: 643

Pcm
Pulse code modulation. Sounds are reproduced by modulating the playback rate and amplitude of the sa

Pedestalling
The raising or lowering of the camera on the vertical post of the camera support. Pedestal is also t

Penetration
A proportion of households owning televisions or subscribing to cable.

Perfect Fit
In the study of television stars, a matching of a particular role's characteristics to a star's poly

Personal People Meter (PPM)
Hardware currently being tested by Arbitron. The PPM is a pager-sized device that is worn by consume

Personal Video Recorder (PVR)
Pvrs are digital devices that use a hard drive instead of videotape as the recording medium. Pvrs bl

Persons Using Television (PUT)
A measurement of the total number of people in the target audience who are watching television for f

Phase Alternate Line (PAL)
The television broadcast standard in Europe and parts of Asia

Phosphor
Phosphorescent substance of red, green and blue that emit light when activated by electrons.

Pickup Pattern
In microphones, the shape of the space in which the microphone is sensitive to sound. Common pattern

Piggyback
The back-to-back scheduling of two or more brand commercials of one advertiser in network or spot po

Pillarbox
The effect of displaying a traditional (4:3 aspect ratio) image on a widescreen (16:9) monitor. In o

Pilot
A program, sometimes a made-for-TV movie, which introduces a new series.

Pitch
How high or low a sound is. See frequency response.

Pixel
A combination of the words ''picture'' and 'element ' A pixel is the smallest discernible sample of

Pixelization
Pixelization occurs due to errors in decoding the MPEG bit stream where areas or patches of color ap

Pixels (Phosphors)
Phosphorescent dots, arranged in horizontal lines on the television screen, which produce the video

Plasma
Plasma tvs are comprised of a bunch of tiny independent cells that produce the red, green, and blue

Plasma Display
A Plasma TV Display uses hundreds-of-thousands of miniature, embedded cells to produce a picture. Ea

Play-By-Play Announcer
A type of television sports announcer, usually a professional broadcaster, who functions as narrator

Plug And Play
A security card or cable card you get from a cable operator that decrypts scrambled cable signals on

Pod
A group of commercials, promos or announcements contained in a television program break.

Point-Of-View Shot
A shot in which the camera is physically situated very close to a character's position

Polysemy
Literally, many meanings. Refers to television's ability to communicate contradictory or ambivalent

Post Buy Analysis
An analysis of schedule performance after it runs

Post-Production
Everything (e.g., editing, sound effects) that transpires after the program itself has been shot.

Pre-Emption
An omission of an announcement from a previously confirmed broadcast schedule

Pre-Production
The written planning stages of the program (script preparation, budgeting, etc.).

Preferred Reading
In cultural studies, the interpretation of the text that is stressed by the text itself. Marxists pr

Problematic Fit
In the study of television stars, a complete mismatch of a particular role's characteristics with a

Product Placement
The appearance of a trademarked product (e.g., Budweiser beer or Apple computers) in a program-when

Production
The shooting of the program itself.

Progressive Scan
The way a television decodes an image

Projection
Often referred to as big screens, projection tvs come in two different styles

Proletariat
In Marxist terms, the working class

Promotion
A type of media text (e.g., an appearance on a talk show) generated by the star and his or her repre

Protocol
Set of syntax rules defining exchange of data including items such as timing, format, sequencing, er

Pseudomonologue
Type of interview in which the interviewer and his or her questions are not evident in the text

PSIP
Program and System Information Protocol. A part of the ATSC digital television specification that en

Psychographics
Audience analysis on the basis of psychological factors such as lifestyles, values, and interests an

Public Domain
Material (e.g., a piece of music) that is not copyrighted, which may be used in TV programs without

Publicity
A type of media text (e.g., an unauthorized biography) that presents information outside the control

PVR
A Personal Video Recorder PVR satellite receiver) has a built in hard drive for digital recording of

Quad Lnbf
A combination LNBF and multi-sat switch component for DISH 500 systems can accommodate up to 4 DISH

Quarter Hour Audience
Individuals viewing a station at least five minutes in a specific 15-minute period.

Racking Focus (Pulling Focus)
Shifting the focus from foreground to background, or vice versa.

Rain Fade
The loss of signal from the satellite during a heavy rain. This happens more or less to all DBS syst

Raster
The overall area that is scanned by the electron guns.

Rating
A percentage of total households or population owning tvs who are tuned to a particular program or s

Rating
In the context of TV ratings, the percentage of all homes with television sets that are tuned to a s

Rating Limit
The rating limit is set by the customer using the main menu. When a system lock is active, this lim

Rating Point
A value equal to one percent of a population or universe.

Ratings
Based on a random sample of television viewers, the calculated amount and percentage of viewers watc

Re-Establishing Shot
A long shot which once again positions the character(s) within the environment of the scene, helping

Reach
The number of unduplicated households or people exposed to a program, group of programs, or an adver

Reading
The viewer's active interpretation of a text--whether written (e.g., a book) or visual (e.g., a tele

Reciever
A unit similar to today's cable boxes, which is capable of receiving and decoding DTV broadcasts. A

Reflexive Mode
Type of nonnarrative television text which draws the viewer's attention to the processes, techniques

Refresh
One vertical scan.

Remote Control Device (RCD)
A device that allows one to operate a television without directly touching it.

Remote Extender
A remote extender is a device that allows you to use an Infrared (IR) remote to control a satellite

Rep Firm
Media sales representation company with offices in major advertising centers which represents statio

Repertory
Naturalist performance style in which the actor constructs a performance by selecting particular ges

Resolution
The amount of data used to make up a picture, screen, or audio track. The more data in a picture, th

Return Loss
The ratio of signal power transmitted into a system, to the power reflected or returned. This is lik

Rg-6
The type of coaxial cable recommended for digital satellite TV installations. RG-6 is a larger-size

Rg59
The coaxial cable that is commonly used for cable TV. If a home already has coaxial cable, it proba

RGB
The abbreviation for red, green and blue signals, the primary colors of light (and television). Came

Rhythm
The timing of speech, music, sound effects, or editing.

Road Blocking
The scheduling of a brand's commercial at approximately the same time on all networks, or all statio

Rotation
Scheduling of advertising in the same program or time period on different days each week (horizontal

Rotoscope
A device used in animation wherein a single frame from a live-action film is rear-projected onto a l

Royalty
A fee paid for the use of copyrighted material.

Ruling Class
Marx's term for the social class in control of a society's means of production

Run-Of-Schedule (ROS)
Scheduling of commercials at any time of a station's choosing.

Same Day Ratings
Nielsen Media Research term for live ratings plus DVR playback activity until 3:00 am of the same Ni

Satellite Dish
A satellite dish is used to collect signals from a satellite in orbit and focus them to the front of

Satellite Dish
Household receives transmissions from a satellite(s), via a 1- to 3- meter dish.

Satellite Home Viewer Act (SHVA)
The Satellite Home Viewer Act (SHVA) was originally passed in 1988, and later amended in 1994 and 19

Satellite Master Antenna (SMATV)
Serves housing complexes and hotels

Satellite Station
A station that has agreed to rebroadcast the transmission of another station (generally operating in

Saturation
The concentration of a heavy amount of advertising in a short period of time in order to attain maxi

Saturation (Chroma Or Chrominance)
In terms of television's image quality, the level of a color's purity (or how much or little graynes

Sbca
The SBCA (Satellite Broadcasting Communication Association) is an organization of satellite TV syste

Scan Line
Lines of glowing pixels that make up the television image. In the NTSC system used in the United Sta

Scart
Standard AV-connector used in AV equipments designed for European markets almost almost every modern

Scatter Plan
Scheduling method where the advertiser's commercials are rotated among a broadly described group of

Scene
The smallest piece of the narrative action

Schedule
A listing of the time of day and dates an advertiser's commercials are planned to run.

Scientific Method
An empirical approach which advocates developing research questions and hypotheses based on an estab

Scopitones
Produced in the 1960s, short films of performances by popular musicians presented on coin-operated m

Screen Direction
From the camera's perspective, the direction a character is looking and/or an object is moving in a

Screen Time
The duration of a program--which is normally shorter than the time represented in the program's narr

Screenplay
Generally speaking, a written description of a program, wherein the action and dialogue are describe

Secam (Sequential Color And Memory)
TV system used in France and Russia (the chrominance is frequency modulated).

Segue
A transition from one sound to another.

Selective Use
In the study of television stars, a use of selected parts of the star's polysemy in a particular rol

Self-Reflexivity
A program which refers back to itself or similar programs. In a genre's evolutionary pattern, the st

Semiotics
An area of television criticism that breaks down all forms of communication into individual units of

Sense Memory
Technique of method acting style in which the actor draws upon memories of physical sensations of an