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Superglossary - TV Category: Technical and IT > TV Date & country: 09/12/2013, USA Words: 643

Lighting Color
Light may be 'colored' by placing a filter or gelatin in front of a light source.

Lighting Diffusion
The hardness or softness of a light source. Hard light casts a sharp, definite shadow.

Lighting Direction
The positioning of lights relative to the object being shot. The norm for lighting direction is thre

Lighting Intensity
The power of a light source. Regarding the relative intensity of lighting sources, see three-point l

Limited Effects Theory
A type of communication theory (e.g., social learning theory, vicarious catharsis theory) that regar

Line Doubling
A method, through special circuitry, to modify an NTSC interlaced picture to create an effect simila

Linear Perspective
A method of drawing or painting that converts the three dimensions of reality into two dimensions. O

Lip Sync
Synchronizing a performance to recorded speech or music

Liquid Crystal Display
An LCD television or monitor uses liquid crystals that act as 'shutters' within the television scree

Live Plus Ratings
Nielsen Media Research term for live ratings plus seven-day DVR playback activity.

Live Ratings
Nielsen Media Research term for ratings reported as strictly live with no DVR playback activity.

Live-On-Tape
A video production that is recorded live, with most of the editing done while the scenes transpire (

LNB-LNBF
Low Noise Block down-converter with integrated feed

Local Marketing Agreement (LMA)
An agreement between two owners in which one markets and sells advertising for the other.

Local Spot
The advertising purchased in a market and aimed only at the audience in that market.

Location Settings
Pre-existing settings that are chosen as backgrounds for television programs.

Locks and Limits
Allows you to restrict viewing of rated movies (based on the motion picture rating system) or to loc

Long Shot (LS)
A framing that presents entire objects or persons--situating them in a setting.

Lossy Compression
Reducing the total data rate by discarding data that is not critical. Both video and audio for DTV t

Loudness (Volume)
How loud or soft a sound is. See dynamic range.

Low Angle
A shot in which the camera is lower than the filmed object

Low-Key Lighting
A lighting style wherein the key light is so much more intense than the fill light that there is a h

Luminance
(Light or Brightness) In video signals the component that includes information about its brightness.

Magnetic Tape
A ribbon of plastic with a coating on it that is sensitive to magnetic impulses created by electrici

Make-Good
A spot offered by a station in place of a regularly scheduled announcement that did not run or was i

Manifest Content
In a content analysis of a television text, the characters and their actions.

Masking
A non-anamorphic widescreen film process. In masked films, blackened horizontal bands are placed acr

Match Cut
An editing principle of the continuity system which maintains continuity by fitting ('matching') the

Match-On-Action
An editing technique of the continuity system wherein a cut is placed in the midst of an action, so

Means Of Production
Marx's term for the locations (factories and the like) at which goods are produced and men and women

Media Mix
The distribution of time and money allocated among TV, radio, print and Internet advertising that ma

Media Text
Any item in the mass media (e.g., a TV commercial or program, film, magazine, interview, public appe

Medium Close Up (MCU)
A framing in between medium shot and close-up.

Medium Long Shot (MLS)
A framing in between long shot and medium shot.

Medium Shot (MS)
A framing that presents a moderately close view of an object or person. Conventionally, a TV medium

Megabyte
One million bytes (actually 1,048,576)

Method
Naturalist performance style which encourages the actor to become the character, at which point the

Metro Area
A U.S. Government definition

Microphone (Mike)
Device used to record sound. The pickup pattern of a microphone may be omnidirectional or cardioid.

Mise-En-Scene
The staging of the action for the camera. All of the physical objects in front of the camera and the

Mixer
A machine that blends various sound sources.

Mode Of Production
An aesthetic style of shooting that relies upon a particular technology and is governed by a certain

Mode Of Representation
Manner in which a nonnarrative television program depicts historical reality and addresses itself to

Modem
Modulator/demodulator. A device that transforms a typical two-level computer signal into a form suit

Motion-Caption Device
A system by which the movement of three-dimensional objects or humans is traced by a computer.

Motivation
In narrative structure, a catalyst that starts the story's progression--a reason for the story to be

Movie Of The Week (MOW)
Industry shorthand for any film produced specifically for television and not shown initially in thea

Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG)
It refers to a set of standards as defined up by the Moving Pictures Experts Group, and that defines

Mpeg2
Compression standards for moving images and audio set by the Motion Pictures Expert Group (MPEG), an

Mpeg4
This newer version of MPEG compression is used for delivering high-definition local programming in s

Multi-Satellite Dish
It is often necessary for consumers to use a multi-satellite TV system, such as the directv Oval 5 L

Multi-Track Recording
In the sound editing process, recordings are digitally or electronically divided into four (or many

Multicasting
The ability to send more than one program or data service within the allotted channel spectrum. Digi

Multiple-Camera Production
A mode of production unique to television wherein two or more cameras are used to record the scene,

Multiscan Monitor
Monitors that are capable of displaying a range of resolutions or graphics standards having differen

Music Television
Generally refers to a system, such as a cable or satellite service (e.g., MTV, CMT), through which m

Music Video
A visual representation of or accompaniment to a song or other musical selection that usually exists

Musical Director
Person who selects and arranges the music for a program.

Must Carry
As of 2002, the FCC established a condition that if a satellite TV service provider is going to carr

Mythic Analysis
An interpretive strategy of genre analysis that approaches genres in terms of archetypes, stories sh

Narration (Voice-Over)
When a character's or omniscient narrator's voice is heard over an image.

Narrative Enigma
A question that underpins a story and will (in classical films) or will not (in soap opera) be answe

Narrative Function
A specific action or an attribute of a character in a narrative--according to the narrative theory o

Narrative Image
A particular representation of a program created by advertising and promotion in order to entice vie

National Spot
A form of broadcast advertising in which national advertisers, through their agency or buying servic

Naturalistic Animation
An aesthetic tenet of animation which advocates that animation replicate live-action film/video as m

Naturalistic Performance
Performance style in which the actor attempts to create a character that the audience will accept as

Negotiated Reading
In cultural studies, the interpretation of the text that partially accepts and partially rejects the

Network
A connecting system which allows simultaneous telecasting of a single origination by a number of sta

Nielsen Media Research (NMR)
A firm involved in local and national measurement of the TV audience

Nielsen Station Index (NSI)
Local market audience measurement reports.

Nielsen Television Index (NTI)
National network audience measurement reports.

Noise Figure
A measure of the performance (noise contribution) of an LNB in decibels

Non-Narrative Television
Televisual texts (e.g., news and sports programs, game shows, some commercials) that present reality

Nondiegetic Sound
Sound that does not occur in the diegetic space (the characters' world), such as music that is added

Noninterlaced Video
Each line is scanned during each total vertical (full) screen refresh. Computer monitors use typical

Nonlinear Editing (NLE)
Editing performed on a computer, in which shots do not have to be placed one after the other (i.e.,

Normal Lens
A type of focal length that seems to most closely approximate the human eye's range of vision (in ac

ntegrated Receiver Decoder (IRD)
Satellite TV system receiver with a built-in decoder for unscrambling subscription channels. It is u

Objective Correlative
An object which comes to represent an aspect of a character--e.g., Bart Simpson's skateboard represe

Observational Mode
Type of television text wherein a television producer's presence is not obvious to the viewer, and h

Offset
Type of dish with the focus and feed-horn below the center of the dish.

Omnidirectional Microphone
A microphone that is able to pick up sound equally from all directions.

Oppositional Reading
In cultural studies, the interpretation of the text that is wholly contrary to the text's dominant m

Optimization
Term used for a method of media planning using computer programs that develop the optimum media mix

Orbit
A scheduling method in which the advertiser's commercials are rotated among different programs and/o

Orbital Slots
Orbital slots refer to the location of satellites around the globe. Their are 6 main slots used for

Over The Air (OTA)
This is the acronym commonly used to describe standard television broadcast signals received by a ro

Over-The-Air
Referencing analog or digital signals sent out in the open air by broadcast staions, and received mo

Overhead Boom Microphone
Held on a long arm by a boom operator, positioned above the actors' heads and out of view of the cam

Overscan
The TV approach of bleeding the video signal off the edges of the picture display unit. When convert

Package
A combination of commercial units offered as a group to an advertiser. A package is generally priced

Panning
The action of physically rotating the camera left and right, on an imaginary vertical axis. Only the

Pantomime
A style of naturalist performance in which the actor presents the character with specific gestures t

Paradigmatic Structure
In semiotics, a manner in which signs are organized and meaning created. Paradigmatic structures cre

Parallel Cable
A multi-conductor cable carrying simultaneous transmission of digital data bits.

Parallel Data
Transmission of data bits, in groups, along a collection of wires (called a bus). A parallel bus may

Parallel Digital
A digital video interface which uses twisted pair wiring and 25-pin D connectors to convey the bits

Parental Lockout
Parental Lockout allows users to set a password to control access to programming based on channel, r

Pay-Per-View Tv (PPV)
A system in which payment is made for a single showing of a program. Subscribers of the pay-televisi