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Talk Talk - Communication terms Category: General technical and industrial Date & country: 28/05/2010, UK Words: 18630

tarot cards
Fortune-telling aid consisting of 78 cards: the 56 minor arcana in four suits (resembling playing cards) and the major arcana, 22 cards with densely symbolic illustrations that have links with astrology and the Kabbalah. The earliest known reference to tarot cards is from 1392. The pack is of unknown (probably medieval) origin and may have ...

Tanguy, Yves
French painter. He lived in the USA from 1939. A leading surrealist, he created dreamlike desert landscapes peopled by metallic, semi-abstract forms casting long shadows. Self-taught, Tanguy was first inspired to paint by the works of de Chirico and in 1925 he joined the surrealist movement. He soon developed his characteristic style with b...

Takeshita, Noboru
Japanese conservative politician. Elected to parliament as a Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) deputy in 1958, he became president of the LDP and prime minister in 1987. He and members of his administration were shown in the Recruit scandal to have been involved in insider trading and he resigned in 1989

Tajik
Member of the majority ethnic group in Tajikistan. Tajiks also live in Afghanistan and parts of Pakistan and western China. The Tajiki language belongs to the West Iranian sub-branch of the Indo-European family, and is similar to Farsi; it is written in the Cyrillic script. The Tajiks have long been associated with neighbouring Turkic p...

Tamil
The majority ethnic group living in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu (formerly Madras). Tamils also live in southern India, northern Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Singapore, and South Africa, totalling 35–55 million worldwide. Tamil belongs to the Dravidian family of languages; written records in Tamil date from the 3rd century BC. The 3 million Tami...

takeover
In business, the acquisition by one company of a sufficient number of shares in another company to have effective control of that company – usually 51%, although a controlling stake may be as little as 30%. Takeovers may be agreed or contested; methods employed include the dawn raid, and methods of avoiding an unwelcome takeover in...

Tay
Longest river in Scotland; length 193 km/120 mi, it flows northeast through Loch Tay, then east and southeast past Perth to the Firth of Tay, crossed at Dundee by the Tay Bridge, before joining the North Sea. The Tay has salmon fisheries; its main tributaries are the Tummel, Isla, and Earn, Braan, and Almond. The drainage basin of the T...

Taegu
Third-largest city in South Korea, situated between Seoul and Pusan; population (2002 est) 2,543,800. Textiles are the major industry of the city, but machinery and the metal trades are also significant and there is a large export trade in apples to eastern and southeastern Asia. Features Nearby is the Haeinsa Temple (dating from 802), one ...

taste
(sense) Sense that detects some of the chemical constituents of food. The human tongue can distinguish five basic tastes: sweet, sour, bitter, salty, and `umami` (a taste sensation triggered by the amino acid glutamate)....

Tatlin, Vladimir
(Yevgrapovich) Russian artist. He was a cofounder of constructivism. After encountering cubism in Paris in 1913, he evolved his first constructivist works, using such materials as glass, metal, plaster, and wood to create totally abstract sculptures, some of which were meant to be suspended in...

tagging, electronic
Long-distance monitoring of the movements of people charged with or convicted of a crime, thus enabling them to be detained in their homes rather than in prison

tacet
In written music, a score indication signifying that during a complete movement, or a specific section of a movement, an instrument is not required to play and therefore that no counting of bars will be necessary

Tartini, Giuseppe
Italian composer and violinist. In 1728 he founded a school of violin playing in Padua. A leading exponent of violin technique, he composed numerous sonatas and concertos for strings, including the Devil's Trill sonata, about 1714

tango
Dance for couples, the music for which was developed in Argentina during the early 20th century. The dance consists of two long steps followed by two short steps then one long step, using stylized body positions. The music is in moderately slow duple time (2/4) and employs syncopated rhythms. Similar to the habanera, from which it evolved, the ...

Tagalog
The majority ethnic group living around Manila on the island of Luzon, in the Philippines, who number about 10 million (1988). The Tagalog live by fishing and trading. In its standardized form, known as Pilipino, Tagalog is the official language of the Philippines, and belongs to the Western branch of the Austronesian family. The Tagalog religion i...

Talgai skull
Cranium of a pre-adult male, dating from 10,000–20,000 years ago, found at Talgai station, southern Queensland, Australia. It was one of the earliest human archaeological finds in Australia, having been made in 1886. Its significance was not realized, however, until the work of Edgeworth David and others after 1914. The skull is large with...

Taira
In Japanese history, a military clan prominent in the 10th to 12th centuries and dominant at court 1159–85. Their destruction by their rivals, the Minamoto,in 1185 is the subject of the 13th-century literary classic Heike Monogatari/The Tale of the Heike

tartrazine
Yellow food colouring produced synthetically from petroleum. Many people are allergic to foods containing it. Typical effects are skin disorders and respiratory problems. It has been shown to have an adverse effect on hyperactive children

Tai
Member of any of the groups of Southeast Asian peoples who speak Tai languages, all of which belong to the Sino-Tibetan language family. There are over 60 million speakers, the majority of whom live in Thailand. Tai peoples are also found in southwestern China, northwestern Myanmar (Burma), Laos, and North Vietnam

tangram
Puzzle made by cutting up a square into seven pieces

Tajikistan
Country in central Asia, bounded north by Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan, east by China, and south by Afghanistan and Pakistan. Government Under its 1999 constitution, Tajikistan has a directly elected executive president and a two-chamber parliament, the Supreme Assembly. The president is popularly elected for a seven-year term, with a limit of...

Tatarstan
Autonomous republic in the eastern Russian Federation; area 68,000 sq km/26,255 sq mi; population (1990) 3,658,000 (48% Tatars, 43% Russian). The capital is Kazan. There are oil, natural gas, chemical, textile, and timber industries; and there is arable and dairy farming. Geography The region is in the basins of the Volga an...

Taiping Rebellion
Popular revolt 1851–64 that undermined China's Qing dynasty (see Manchu). By 1853 the rebels had secured control over much of the central and lower Chang Jiang valley region, instituting radical, populist land reforms. Civil war continued until 1864, when the Taipings, weakened by internal dissension, were overcome by the provincial Hunan ...

Tang dynasty
The greatest of China's imperial dynasties, which ruled from 618 to 907. Founded by the Sui official Li Yuan (566–635), it extended Chinese authority into central Asia, Tibet, Korea, and Annam, establishing what was then the world's largest empire. The dynasty's peak was reached during the reign of Emperor Minghuang or Hsuan-ts...

tau
Elementary particle with the same electric charge as the electron but a mass nearly double that of a proton. It has a lifetime of around 3 × 10^-13 seconds and belongs to the lepton family of particles – those which interact via the electromagnetic, weak nuclear, and gravitational forces, but not the strong nucle...

Tarleton, Richard
Elizabethan theatrical clown. He was the most celebrated clown of his time. A member of the Queen's Men theatre company from 1583, he was renowned for the jig, a doggerel song-and-dance routine, and for his extempore humour, which influenced some of the characters in Shakespeare's plays

Tamayo, Rufino
Mexican painter and printmaker. His work, nurtured by both European modernism and pre-Columbian indigenous art, demonstrates a clear break with the rhetoric and pictoralism of the preceding generation of Mexican muralists. His mainly easel-sized paintings, with their vibrant colours and cryptic, semi-abstract figures, display strong cub...

Tachisme
French style of abstract painting current in the 1940s and 1950s, the European equivalent to abstract expressionism. Breaking free from the restraints of cubism, the Tachistes adopted a novel, spontaneous approach to brushwork, typified by all-over blotches of impastoed colour and dribbled paint, or swirling calligraphy applied straight from th...

tablature
In music, an old system of writing down music using symbols representing the fingerboard and strings to show a player's finger positions. It was formerly used for the lute, and nowadays for the guitar and ukulele. Prior to 1700, tablature protected the status of court lutenists, as the notation could not be interpreted by other instruments, but...

tambura
Indian long-necked lute instrument used as a drone. Its four strings are tuned by a movable bridge and are strummed separately with the forefinger, always as open strings and never stopped. It provides an accompaniment for such instruments as the sitar. The South Indian version, the mayuri, can also be played with a bow

tarantella
Southern Italian dance in very fast compound time (6/8); also a piece of music composed for, or in the rhythm of, this dance. It is commonly believed to be named after the tarantula spider which was (incorrectly) thought to cause tarantism (hysterical ailment), at one time epidemic in the southern Italian town of Taranto, the cure for which...

Tamil Hinduism
Traditional form of Hinduism found in southern India, particularly in Tamil Nadu, where the invasions and political upheavals of northern India had little influence. The important centres of Tamil Hinduism are Rameshvaram, dedicated to Shiva; Shrirangam, dedicated to Vishnu; and Madurai, dedicated to Meenakshi, the wife of Shiva. Tamil temp...

Taliban
Afghan political and religious military force that seized control of southern and central Afghanistan, including the country's capital, Kabul, in September 1996. An Islamic regime was imposed, and by the end of 1996 the Taliban controlled two-thirds of the country. In 1997, the Taliban changed the country's official name to the Islamic ...

Taylor, Mark Anthony
Australian cricketer. A solid left-handed opening batsman from New South Wales, he rose to prominence on the 1989 Australian tour of England when he scored 839 Test runs at an average of 83.90. He captained Australia with great success after taking over from Allan Border in 1994. He retired from international cricket in February 1999 and from f...

tabla
Pair of drums used in North Indian (Hindustani) music both for accompaniment (to vocal, instrumental, and dance performance) and as a solo instrument. The smaller drum, played with the right hand, is barrel-shaped and made of wood. It is tuned to the Sa (system tonic). The larger drum, player with the left hand, is kettle-...

Taylor, Mildred D
US writer. She has written realistic stories to help teach children about racism. Her books tell of the lives of black people in racially prejudiced white communities, and they often show the strength and security of family life side by side with the evils of racism. They include Roll of Thunder, Hear My Cry (1976), for which she...

tanka
Japanese verse form consisting of 31 syllables arranged in five lines in the sequence 5, 7, 5, 7, 5. The classic form of Japanese poetry, the tanka (literally `short poem`) dates from as early as the 7th century AD. The tanka is not as well known in the West as the haiku, though it was the origin of the cinquain and inspired several of th...

Tanger
Alternative name for Tangier, a port in north Morocco

Tanjah
Arabic name for Tangier, a port in north Morocco

Tadmur
Arabic name for Palmyra, a town in Syria

Tarabulus
Arabic name for Tripoli, capital of Libya

tauhid
In Islam, the central belief in the `oneness of God`; also that God is the supreme creator and power behind the universe. Muslims believe that God is eternal, has no beginning, and is the supreme ruler; creator of everything, God is beyond creation or even understanding. Muslims can break tauhid by forgetting that only God owns th...

tanha
In Buddhism, clinging or grasping desire that gives rise to suffering. It is the second of the Four Noble Truths

tallit
Rectangular prayer shawl worn during worship by Orthodox Jewish men and Reform Jews of both sexes. It is white with black or blue stripes, and has 613 tzitzit (fringes) as a reminder of the 613 commandments of the Torah. The shawl is worn round the shoulders or over the head, giving the wearer a feeling of being securely envelope...

tangent
(trigonometry) In trigonometry, a function of an acute angle in a right-angled triangle, defined as the ratio of the length of the side opposite the angle to the length of the side adjacent to it; a way of expressing the gradi...

tangent
(circle) Line that touches a circle at only one point. A tangent is at right angles to the radius at the point of contact. From any point outside a circle, the lines of two tangents drawn to the circle will be of equal length. See also circle theorems, tangent (trigonometry), and tangent (grap...

tap-and-die set
Tools employed to cut threads. Taps are used to cut internal threads in holes, while dies are used to cut external threads on bars and rods

Talabani, Jalal
Iraqi Kurdish politician, president of Iraq from 2005. Founder and leader of the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK), one of the two main Kurdish groups that dominate Iraq's northern Kurdish region, he led an armed campaign against Saddam Hussein in the 1970s and 1980s. After the 1991 Gulf War and Kurdish uprising against the Iraqi government, t...

Tate
National art gallery group in the UK, with museums in London, Liverpool, and St Ives. The original Tate Gallery, endowed by the sugar merchant Henry Tate (1819–1899), opened at Millbank, London, in 1897. The museum was relaunched as Tate Britain in 2000, aiming to become a national gallery of British art – Tate's original intention. A...

Tbilisi
Click images to enlargeCapital and cultural centre of Georgia, located on the Kura River in the Caucasus Mountains; population (2002) 1,073,300. It is a major economic, transportation, and industrial centre. Engineering industries, including electric locomotives and equipment, machine tools, and agricultural machinery...

TB
Abbreviation for the infectious disease tuberculosis

Tchaikovsky, Pyotr Il'yich
Russian composer. He successfully united Western European influences with native Russian musical material and tradition, and was the first Russian composer to establish a reputation with Western audiences. His strong sense of melody, personal expression, and brilliant orchestration are clear througho...

TCP/IP
Set of network protocols, developed principally by the US Department of Defense. TCP/IP is the protocol used by the Internet, and is the technology that underpins Internet services like the World Wide Web, Internet Relay Chat, and e-mail. TCP/IP has always been the principal networking protocol used by Unix, and is now supported by almo...

Tethys Sea
Sea that in the Mesozoic era separated Laurasia from Gondwanaland. The formation of the Alpine fold mountains caused the sea to separate into the Mediterranean, the Black, the Caspian, and the Aral seas

Texel
Largest and southernmost of the Frisian Islands, in North Holland province, the Netherlands; area 190 sq km/73 sq mi; population (2006 est) 13,700. It is separated from the mainland by the 4 km/2.5 mi wide Marsdiep channel and is reached by boat from Den Helder. Den Burg is the chief settlement. Local industries include tourism, fis...

Tethys
In Greek mythology, one of the Titans; a daughter of Uranus and Gaia; and the wife of the sea god Oceanus, by whom she was the mother of over three thousand children: the river gods, oceanids (nymphs of the open sea), and the waves

tetanus
Acute disease caused by the toxin of the bacillus Clostridium tetani, which usually enters the body through a wound. The bacterium is chiefly found in richly manured soil. Untreated, in seven to ten days tetanus produces muscular spasm and rigidity of the jaw spreading to other parts of the body, convulsions, and death. There is ...

Tesla, Nikola
Croatian-born US physicist and electrical engineer who invented fluorescent lighting, the Tesla induction motor (1882–87), and the Tesla coil, and developed the alternating current (AC) electrical supply system. The Tesla coil is an air core transformer with the primary and secondary windings tuned in resonance to produce high-frequenc...

Tertiary period
Period of geological time 65 to 1.64 million years ago, divided into five epochs: Palaeocene, Eocene, Oligocene, Miocene, and Pliocene. During the Tertiary period, mammals took over all the ecological niches left vacant by the extinction of the dinosaurs, and became the prevalent land animals. The continents took on their present positions, and...

Terry,
(Alice) English actor. She was leading lady to Henry Irving from 1878. She excelled in Shakespearean roles, such as Ophelia in Hamlet. She was a correspondent of longstanding with the dramatist George Bernard Shaw. She was awarded the GCBE in 1925

Territorial Army
British force of volunteer soldiers, created from volunteer regiments (incorporated in 1872) as the Territorial Force in 1908. It was raised and administered by county associations, and intended primarily for home defence. It was renamed the Territorial Army in 1922. Merged with the Regular Army in World War II, it was revived in 1947, and replaced...

terracotta
Click images to enlargeBrownish-red baked clay, usually unglazed, used in building, sculpture, and pottery. The term is specifically applied to small figures or figurines, such as those found at Tanagra in central Greece. Excavations at Xi'an, China, have revealed life-size terracotta figures of the army of th...

Teresa, St
Spanish mystic who founded an order of nuns in 1562. She was subject to fainting fits, during which she saw visions. She wrote The Way to Perfection (1583) and an autobiography, Life of the Mother Teresa of Jesus (1611). In 1622 she was canonized, and in 1970 was made the first female Doctor of the Church. She ...

Terence
Roman dramatist. Born in Carthage, he was taken as a slave to Rome where he was freed and came under the patronage of the Roman general Scipio Africanus Minor. His surviving six comedies (including The Eunuch (161 BC)) are subtly characterized and based on Greek models. They were widely read and performed during the Middle Ages a...

Teotihuacán
Huge ancient city in central Mexico, founded about 300 BC, about 32 km/20 mi north of modern Mexico City. Known as the `metropolis of the gods`, it reached its zenith in the 5th–6th centuries AD. As a religious centre of Mesoamerica, it contained two great pyramids and the temple o...

Teng Hsiao-ping
Alternative spelling of Deng Xiaoping, Chinese politician

temperature
Measure of how hot an object is. It is temperature difference that determines whether heat transfer will take place between two objects and in which direction it will flow, that is from warmer object to cooler object. The temperature of an object is a measure of the average kinetic energy possessed b...

tempera
Painting medium in which powdered pigments are mixed with a water-soluble binding agent such as egg yolk removed from its sac. It is noted for its strong, translucent colours, and can be thinned with water. In use before the introduction of oils, a form of tempera was used in ancient Egypt, and egg tempera was the foremost medium for panel pain...

Tell el Amarna
Site of the ancient Egyptian capital Akhetaton. The Amarna tablets were found there

Tell, William
Legendary 14th-century Swiss archer, said to have refused to salute the Habsburg badge at Altdorf on Lake Lucerne. Sentenced to shoot an apple from his son's head, he did so, then shot the tyrannical Austrian ruler Gessler, symbolizing his people's refusal to submit to external authority. The first written account of the legend dates fr...

telephone tapping
Listening in on a telephone conversation, without the knowledge of the participants; in the UK and the USA this is a criminal offence if done without a warrant or the consent of the person concerned

telepathy
`The communication of impressions of any kind from one mind to another, independently of the recognized channels of sense`, as defined by the English essayist F W H Myers (1843–1901), cofounder in 1882 of the Psychical Research Society, who coined the term. It is a form of extrasensory perception

Telemann, Georg Philipp
German baroque composer, organist, and conductor. He was the best-known German composer of his time with a contemporary reputation much greater than Johann Sebastian Bach's. His prolific output of concertos for both new and old instruments, including violin, viola da gamba, recorder, flute, oboe, trumpet, horn, and bassoon, represents a met...

Te Kanawa, Kiri Janette
New Zealand soprano. Te Kanawa's first major role was the countess in Mozart's The Marriage of Figaro at Covent Garden, London, in 1971. Her voice combines the purity and intensity of the upper range with an extended lower range of great richness and resonance. Apart from classical roles, she has also featured popular mus...

Teilhard de Chardin, Pierre
French Jesuit theologian, palaeontologist, and philosopher. He developed a creative synthesis of nature and religion, based on his fieldwork and fossil studies. Publication of his Le Phénomène humain/The Phenomenon of Man, written 1938–40, was delayed (owing to his unorthodox views) until after his death by the...

Tehran Conference
Conference held in 1943 in Tehran, Iran, the first meeting of World War II Allied leaders Churchill, Roosevelt, and Stalin. The chief subject discussed was coordination of Allied strategy in Western and Eastern Europe

Tehran
Capital of Iran; population (2006) 7,797,500. The city produces over half of the country's manufactured goods, and industries include textiles, chemicals, pottery, electrical equipment, oil refining, vehicle assembly, engineering, and tobacco and sugar processing. It is built at an average altitude of 1,220 m/3,937 ft on a slope running...

Teesside
Industrial area at the mouth of the River Tees, northeast England; population (2001) 365,300 (urban area). It includes the towns of Stockton-on-Tees, Middlesbrough, Billingham, and Thornaby. There are high-technology industries, as well as petrochemicals, electronics, steelmaking, and plastics. The area includes an oil-fuel term...

Tees
River flowing from the Pennines in Cumbria, northwest England, to the North Sea via Tees Bay, Middlesbrough unitary authority, in northeast England; length 130 km/80 mi. Its port, Teesport, handles in excess of 42 million tonnes per annum, with port trade mainly chemical-related. Although much of the river is polluted with industrial wa...

Tedder, Arthur William
UK marshal of the Royal Air Force in World War II. As deputy supreme commander under US general Eisenhower 1943–45, he was largely responsible for the initial success of the 1944 Normandy landings. He was made a KCB in 1942, and became a baron in 1946

Tecumseh
American Indian chief of the Shawnee. He attempted to unite the Indian peoples from Canada to Florida against the encroachment of white settlers, but the defeat of his brother Tenskwatawa, `the Prophet`, at the battle of Tippecanoe in November 1811 by W H Harrison, governor of the Indiana Territory, largely destroyed the confederacy built...

Terror, Reign of
Phase of the French Revolution when the Jacobins were in power (October 1793 to July 1794) under Robespierre and began systematically to murder their political opponents. The Terror was at its height in the early months of 1794. Across France, it is thought that between 17,000 and 40,000 people were executed, mainly by guillotine, until public indi...

Telstar
US communications satellite, launched on 10 July 1962, which relayed the first live television transmissions between the USA and Europe. Telstar orbited the Earth every 2.63 hours, and unlike later geostationary satellites was only usable when in line-of-sight of two tracking stations

tektite
Small, rounded glassy stone, found in certain regions of the Earth, such as Australasia. Tektites are probably the scattered drops of molten rock thrown out by the impact of a large meteorite

terbium
Soft, silver-grey, metallic element of the lanthanide series, atomic number 65, relative atomic mass 158.925. It occurs in gadolinite and other ores, with yttrium and ytterbium, and is used in lasers, semiconductors, and television tubes. It was named in 1843 by Swedish chemist Carl Mosander (1797–1858) after the town of Ytterby, Sweden, w...

tellurium
Silver-white, semi-metallic (metalloid) element, atomic number 52, relative atomic mass 127.60. Chemically it is similar to sulphur and selenium, and it is considered one of the sulphur group. It occurs naturally in telluride minerals, and is used in colouring glass blue-brown, in the electrolytic refining of zinc, in electronics, and a...

technetium
Silver-grey, radioactive, metallic element, atomic number 43, relative atomic mass 98.906. It occurs in nature only in extremely minute amounts, produced as a fission product from uranium in pitchblende and other uranium ores. Its longest-lived isotope, Tc-99, has a half-life of 216,000 years. It is a superconductor and is used as a...

Telford, Thomas
Scottish civil engineer. He opened up northern Scotland by building roads and waterways. He constructed many aqueducts and canals, including the Caledonian Canal (1802–23), and erected the Menai road suspension bridge between Wales and Anglesey (1819–26), a type of structure scarcely tried previously in the UK. In Scotland he constructed ...

terminal
In computing, a device consisting of a keyboard and display screen (VDU) to enable the operator to communicate with the computer. The terminal may be physically attached to the computer or linked to it by a telephone line (remote terminal). A dumb terminal has no processor of its own, whereas an intelligent terminal has its own processor and takes ...

tetra
Any of various brightly coloured tropical freshwater bony fishes of the family Characidae, formerly placed in the genus Tetragonopterus. Tetras are found mainly in tropical South America, and also in Africa

terrier
Any of various breeds of highly intelligent, active dogs. They are usually small. Types include the bull, cairn, fox, Irish, Scottish, Sealyham, Skye, and Yorkshire terriers. They were originally bred for hunting rabbits and following quarry such as foxes down into burrows. The small Parson Jack Russell terrier was recognized by the Kennel Club in ...

terrapin
Member of some species of the order Chelonia (turtles and tortoises). Terrapins are small to medium-sized, aquatic or semi-aquatic, and are found widely in temperate zones. They are omnivorous, but generally eat aquatic animals. Some species are in danger of extinction owing to collection for the pet trade; most of the animals collected...

tern
Any of various lightly built seabirds in the gull family Laridae, order Charadriiformes, with pointed wings and bill, and usually a forked tail. Terns plunge-dive after aquatic prey. They are 20–50 cm/8–20 in long, and usually coloured in combinations of white and black. They are extensively distributed, especially in temperate cl...

termite
Any member of the insect order Isoptera. Termites are soft-bodied social insects living in large colonies which include one or more queens (of relatively enormous size and producing an egg every two seconds), much smaller kings, and still smaller soldiers, workers, and immature forms. Termites bu...

teal
Any of various small, short-necked dabbling ducks of the genus Anas, order Anseriformes, but particularly A. crecca. The male is dusky grey; its tail feathers ashy grey; the crown of its head deep cinnamon or chestnut; its eye is surrounded by a black band, glossed with green or purple, which un...

testosterone
Hormone secreted chiefly by the testes, but also by the ovaries and the cortex of the adrenal glands. It promotes the development of secondary sexual characteristics in males at puberty. It is also needed for the development of the male sex organs and for male fertility. The hormone is partly responsible for the difference in behaviour that may be ...

territorial behaviour
In biology, any behaviour that serves to exclude other members of the same species from a fixed area or territory. It may involve aggressively driving out intruders, marking the boundary (with dung piles or secretions from special scent glands), conspicuous visual displays, characteristic songs, or loud calls

territory
In animal behaviour, a fixed area from which an animal or group of animals excludes other members of the same species. Animals may hold territories for many different reasons; for example, to provide a constant food supply, to monopolize potential mates, or to ensure access to refuges or nest sites. The size of a territory depends in part on it...

tertiary
In the Roman Catholic Church, a member of a `third order` (see under holy orders); a lay person who, while marrying and following a normal employment, attempts to live in accordance with a modified version of the rule of one of the religious orders. The first such order was founded by St Francis in 1221

tectonics
In geology, the study of the movements of rocks on the Earth's surface. On a small scale tectonics involves the formation of folds and faults, but on a large scale plate tectonics deals with the movement of the Earth's surface as a whole