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 Talk Talk - Communication terms
Category: General technical and industrial
Date & country: 28/05/2010, UK
Words: 18630


Morgan, Henry
Welsh buccaneer in the Caribbean. He made war against Spain, capturing and sacking Panama in 1671. In 1675 he was knighted and appointed lieutenant governor of Jamaica

Morisot, Berthe Marie Pauline
French painter, the first woman to join the Impressionist movement. Taught by Corot, she was also much influenced by Manet and, in the 1880s, Renoir. She specialized in sensitive pictures of women and children, as in The Cradle (1872; Impressionist Museum, Paris). Born into a wealthy family in Bourges, she was granddaughter o...

mousebird
Any of a family of small crested birds found only in Africa. They have hairlike feathers, long tails, and move with a mouselike agility. The largest is the blue-naped mousebird (Colius macrourus), about 35 cm/14 in long. (Family Coliidae, order Coliiformes.)

mountain lion
Another name for the puma

mouse
(zoology) In zoology, one of a number of small rodents with small ears and a long, thin tail. The house mouse (Mus musculus) is distributed worldwide. It is 75 mm/3 in long, with a naked tail of the same length,...

moth
Any of a large number of mainly night-flying insects closely related to butterflies. Their wings are covered with microscopic scales. Most moths have a long sucking mouthpart (proboscis) for feeding on the nectar of flowers, but some have no functional mouthparts and rely instead upon stores of f...

mother-of-pearl
The smooth lustrous lining in the shells of certain molluscs – for example pearl oysters, abalones, and mussels. When this layer is especially thick it is used commercially for jewellery and decorations. Mother-of-pearl consists of calcium carbonate. See pearl

mosquito
Any of a group of flies in which the female has needlelike mouthparts and sucks blood before laying eggs. The males feed on plant juices. Some mosquitoes carry diseases such as malaria. (Family Culicidae, order Diptera.) Human odour in general is attractive to mosquitos, as well as the lactic acid in...

monotreme
Click images to enlargeAny of a small group of primitive egg-laying mammals, found in Australasia. They include the echidnas (spiny anteaters) and the platypus. (Order Monotremata.) In 1995 Australian palaeontologists announced a new (extinct) family of monotreme, the Kollikodontidae, following the discovery of a 120&...

monkey
Click images to enlargeAny of the various smaller, mainly tree-dwelling anthropoid primates, excluding humans and the apes. There are 125 species, living in Africa, Asia, and tropical Central and South America. Monkeys eat mainly leaves and fruit, and also small animals. Several species are endangered due to loss of f...

mongoose
Any of a group of carnivorous tropical mammals. The Indian mongoose (H. mungo) is greyish in colour and about 50 cm/1.5 ft long, with a long tail. It can be tamed and is often kept for its ability to kill snakes. Like the snakes themselves, the acetylcholine receptors connecting the mongooses' nerves and muscle cells are ...

mollusc
Any of a group of invertebrate animals, most of which have a body divided into three parts: a head, a central mass containing the main organs, and a foot for movement; the more sophisticated octopuses and related molluscs have arms to capture their prey. The majority of molluscs are marine an...

mole
(zoology) Small burrowing mammal with typically dark, velvety fur. Moles grow up to 18 cm/7 in long, and have acute senses of hearing, smell, and touch, but poor eyesight. They have short, muscular forelimbs and shovel-like, clawed front feet for burrowing in search of insects, grubs, ...

mockingbird
North American songbird of the mimic thrush family, found in the USA and Mexico. About 25 cm/10 in long, it is brownish grey, with white markings on the black wings and tail. It is remarkable for its ability to mimic the songs of other species. (Species Mimus polyglottos, family Mimidae, order Passeriformes.)

moa
Any of a group of extinct flightless kiwi-like birds, order Dinornithiformes, that lived in New Zealand. There were 19 species; they varied from 0.5 to 3.5 m/2 to 12 ft, with strong limbs, a long neck, and no wings. The largest species was Dinornis maximus. The last moa was killed in the 1800s. The Maori killed them f...

mouth
Cavity forming the entrance to the digestive tract (gut or alimentary canal). In land vertebrates, air from the nostrils enters the mouth cavity to pass down the trachea. The mouth in mammals is enclosed by the jaws, cheeks, and palate. It contains teeth that may have a variety of functions depending on the way of life of the mammal. They may be us...

morphology
(biology) In biology, the study of the physical structure and form of organisms, in particular their soft tissues

molecular biology
Study of the molecular basis of life, particularly using modern methods of working with DNA, to look at the structure and function of the components of living cells and to answer wider biological questions. While there are no clear boundaries between molecular biology and biochemistry on one side and...

molecular clock
Use of rates of mutation in genetic material to calculate the length of time elapsed since two related species diverged from each other during evolution. The method can be based on comparisons of the DNA or of widely occurring proteins, such as haemoglobin. Since mutations are thought to occur at a constant rate, the length of time that must have e...

moss
Small nonflowering plant of the class Musci (10,000 species), forming with the liverworts and the hornworts the order Bryophyta. The stem of each plant bears rhizoids that anchor it; there are no true roots. Leaves spirally arranged on its lower portion have sexual organs at their tips. Most mosses flourish best in damp conditions where other v...

monocotyledon
Angiosperm (flowering plant) having an embryo with a single cotyledon, or seed leaf (as opposed to dicotyledons, which have two). Monocotyledons usually have narrow leaves with parallel veins and smooth edges, and hollow or soft stems. Their flower parts are arranged in threes. Most are small plants ...

Morgan, Thomas Hunt
US geneticist who was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1933 for his work on the role of chromosomes in heredity. He helped establish that genes are located on the chromosomes, discovered sex chromosomes, and invented the techniques of genetic mapping. He was the first to work on the fruit fly Drosophila, whic...

Monod, Jacques Lucien
French biochemist who was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1965 with his co-workers André Lwoff and François Jacob for research into the genetic control of enzyme and virus synthesis

moraine
Rocky debris or till carried along and deposited by a glacier. Material eroded from the side of a glaciated valley and carried along the glacier's edge is called a lateral moraine; that worn from the valley floor and carried along the base of the glacier is called a ground moraine. Rubble dro...

mouflon
Wild sheep found in mountain areas of Cyprus, Corsica, and Sardinia. It has woolly underfur in winter, but this is covered by heavy guard hairs. The coat is brown with a white belly and rump. Males have strong, curving horns. (Species Ovis ammon, family Bovidae.)

moorhen
Marsh bird belonging to the rail family, common in swamps, lakes, and ponds throughout Europe, Asia, Africa, and North and South America. It is about 33 cm/13 in long, brown above and dark grey below, with a red bill and forehead, a white stripe along the edge of the folded wings, a vivid white underside to the tail, and green legs. Its big fee...

monitor
(zoology) Any of various lizards found in Africa, South Asia, and Australasia. Monitors are generally large and carnivorous, with well-developed legs and claws and a long powerful tail that can be swung in defence. (Family Varanidae.) Monitors include the Komodo dragon (Varanus ko...

modernism
(arts) In the arts, a general term used to describe the 20th century's conscious attempt to break with the artistic traditions of the 19th century, particularly strong in the period between World War I (1914–18) and World War II (1939–45). Modernism is based on a concern with for...

Montgomery
State capital of Alabama, in Montgomery County, on the Alabama River; population (2000 est) 201,600. Linked to the port of Mobile by river, it is a long-established administrative and commercial centre with diverse light industries. Two major air force bases are located nearby. Montgomery was incorporated in 1819; it became state capita...

Mohs scale
Scale of hardness for minerals (in ascending order): 1 talc; 2 gypsum; 3 calcite; 4 fluorite; 5 apatite; 6 orthoclase; 7 quartz; 8 topaz; 9 corundum; 10 diamond. The scale is useful in mineral identification because any mineral will scratch any other mineral lower on the scale than itself, and similarly it wi...

monocarpic
Describing plants that flower and produce fruit only once during their life cycle, after which they die. Most annual plants and biennial plants are monocarpic, but there are also a small number of monocarpic perennial plants that flower just once, sometimes after as long as 90 years, dying shortly afterwards, for example, century plant Aga...

moulting
Periodic shedding of the hair or fur of mammals, feathers of birds, or skin of reptiles. In mammals and birds, moulting is usually seasonal and is triggered by changes of day length. The term is also often applied to the shedding of the exoskeleton of arthropods, but this is more correctly called ecdysis

motor nerve
In anatomy, any nerve that transmits impulses from the central nervous system to muscles or organs. Motor nerves cause voluntary and involuntary muscle contractions, and stimulate glands to secrete hormones

monism
In philosophy, the theory that reality is made up of only one substance. This view is usually contrasted with dualism, which divides reality into two substances, matter and mind. The Dutch philosopher Baruch Spinoza saw the one substance as God or Nature. Monism is also sometimes used as a description of a political system in which only one party i...

moulding
Use of a pattern, hollow form, or matrix to give a specific shape to something in a plastic or molten state. It is commonly used for shaping plastics, clays, and glass. When metals are used, the process is called casting. In injection moulding, molten plastic, for example, is injected into a water-cooled mould and takes the shape of the mould w...

Mohács, Battle of
(1687) Comprehensive victory of a combined Austrian and Hungarian army under Charles of Lorraine over a Turkish army under Muhammad IV 12 August 1687; the battle effectively meant the end of Turkish expansion into Europe. Named after the river port of that name on the Danube in Hungary, wh...

money
Any common medium of exchange acceptable in payment for goods or services or for the settlement of debts; legal tender. Money is usually coinage (metal coins having endured as a medium of exchange since the 8th century BC) and paper notes. Developments such as the cheque and debit and credit cards fulfil many of the traditional functions of mon...

monetarism
Economic policy that proposes control of a country's money supply to keep it in step with the country's ability to produce goods, with the aim of controlling inflation. Cutting government spending is advised, and the long-term aim is to return as much of the economy as possible to the private sector, which is said to be in the interests...

money supply
Quantity of money in circulation in an economy at any given time. It can include notes, coins, and clearing-bank and other deposits used for everyday payments. Changes in the quantity of lending are a major determinant of changes in the money supply. One of the main principles of monetarism is that increases in the money supply in excess of the...

monetary policy
Means of government or central bank control over the money supply, including setting interest rates to manage the level of lending and credit, in turn influencing the level of demand in an economy as a whole

Moholy-Nagy, Laszlo
Hungarian-born painter, sculptor and photographer. Inspired by constructivism, he made abstract sculptures from the early 1920s, and from 1923 to 1929 taught at the Bauhaus school in Weimar and later in the USA. He experimented with a wide range of media, materials, and techniques, including the use of photographic techniques to achieve non-...

mouse
(computing) In computing, an input device used to control a pointer on a computer screen. It is a feature of graphical user interface (GUI) systems. The mouse is about the size of a pack of playing cards, is connected to the computer by a wire or infrared (or other wireless) link, and incorpor...

modem
Click images to enlargeDevice for transmitting computer data over telephone lines. Such a device is used to convert digital signals produced by computers to analogue signals compatible with the telephone network, and back again. Modems are used for linking remote terminals to central computers and enable computers to comm...

moon
In astronomy, any natural satellite that orbits a planet. Mercury and Venus are the only planets in the Solar System not known to have moons

Morton, Jelly Roll
US New Orleans-style jazz pianist, singer, and composer. Influenced by Scott Joplin, he was a pioneer in the development of jazz from ragtime to swing by improvising and imposing his own personality on the music. His 1920s band was called the Red Hot Peppers. In 1997 Morton was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame

Moon
Click images to enlargeNatural satellite of Earth, 3,476 km/2,160 mi in diameter, with a mass 0.012 (approximately one-eightieth) that of Earth. Its surface gravity is only 0.16 (one-sixth) that of Earth. Its average distance from Earth is 384,400 km/238,855 mi, and it orbits in a west-to-east dire...

motorcycle
Two-wheeled vehicle propelled by a petrol engine. The first successful motorized bicycle was built in France in 1901, and British and US manufacturers first produced motorbikes in 1903. History In 1868 Ernest and Pierre Michaux in France experimented with a steam-powered bicycle, but the steam-power unit was too heavy and cumbersome. Go...

Morse code
International code for transmitting messages by wire or radio using signals of short (dots) and long (dashes) duration, originated by US inventor Samuel Morse for use on his invention, the telegraph (see telegraphy). The letters SOS (3 short, 3 long, 3 short) form the international distress signal, b...

Mont St-Michel
Granite islet in the bay of St-Michel, northwest France, situated in the département of Manche near the mouth of the River Couesnon, 24 km/15 mi southeast of Granville. It was converted to a peninsula in 1875 with the construction of a 2 km/1.2 mi long causeway. It...

Morpheus
In Greek and Roman mythology, the god of dreams, son of Hypnos or Somnus, god of sleep

Montréal
Click images to enlargeInland port and commercial centre of Québec, Canada, on Montréal Island at the junction of the Ottawa and St Lawrence rivers; population (2001 est) 1,039,500; metropolitan area (2001 est) 3,426,400. It is the second-largest port on the North American east coast, the chief port ...

Montfort, Simon de
English politician and soldier. From 1258 he led the baronial opposition to Henry III's misrule during the second Barons' War, and in 1264 defeated and captured the king at Lewes, Sussex. In 1265, as head of government, he summoned the first parliament in which the towns were represented; he was killed at the Battle of Evesham during th...

Montezuma II
Aztec emperor of Mexico. He succeeded his uncle in 1502. Although he was a great warrior and legislator, heavy centralized taxation provoked resentment in outlying areas. When the Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés landed at Veracruz in 1519 and attempted to march on Tenochtitlán, he was well received by the inhabitants and made Mont...

Montevideo
Capital and chief port of Uruguay, situated on the northen shore of the Río de la Plata estuary; 210 km/130 mi east of Buenos Aires; population (2004) 1,269,600. It is Uruguay's chief industrial and commercial centre, and handles almost 90% of the country's imports and exports. Industries include meat packing, tanning, ...

Montenegro, Republic of
Country in southeastern Europe, bordering Croatia to the west, Bosnia and Herzegovina to the northwest, Serbia to the northeast and Albania to the southeast, and with a coast on the Adriatic sea to the south. It was a constituent republic, with the far larger Serbia, of Serbia and Montenegro (1992–2006), and of Yugoslavia before that. Area 13,...

Montego Bay
Port and resort on the northwest coast of Jamaica; population (2001) 96,500. The fine beaches and climate attract tourists

Monte Carlo
Town and luxury resort in the principality of Monaco, situated on a rocky promontory along the Mediterranean Sea on the Cote d'Azur, northeast of Monaco town; population (2002 est) 16,200. The district of Monte-Carlo (in Italian, mount of Charles) was created by Prince ...

Mons
Industrial city and capital of the province of Hainaut, Belgium, 52 km/32 mi southwest of Brussels; population (2006 est) 91,200. Industries include coal mining, textiles, and sugar refining. The military headquarters of NATO is at nearby Chièvres-Casteau. It stands on the site of a Roman camp. In World War I, it was the site of th...

monotheism
Belief or doctrine that there is only one God; the opposite of polytheism. Monotheism is also opposed to all systems of moral dualism, asserting the ultimate supremacy of good over evil. The Jewish, Muslim, and Christian religions are strictly monotheistic. Monotheism differs from deism in that it asserts that God is not only the creator of the...

monopoly
In economics, the domination of a market for a particular product or service by a single company, which can therefore restrict competition and keep prices high. In practice, a company can be said to have a monopoly when it controls a significant proportion of the market (technically an oligopoly). In a communist country the state itself has the ove...

monogamy
Practice of having only one husband or wife at a time in marriage

Monk, Thelonious Sphere
US jazz pianist and composer. He took part in the development of bebop. He had a highly idiosyncratic style, but numbers such as `Round Midnight` and `Blue Monk` have become standards. Monk worked in Harlem, New York, during the Depression, and became popular in the 1950s

mongolism
Former name (now considered offensive) for Down's syndrome

Mongolia, Inner
Autonomous region of north China from 1947; bounded to the north by Mongolia and Russia; to the east by Heilongjiang and Jilin; to the southeast by Liaoning; to the south by Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, and Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region; and to the west by Gansu; area 1,200,00 sq km/463,300 sq mi; population (1996) 23,070...

Mondrian, Piet
(Pieter Cornelis Mondriaan) Dutch painter. A founder member of the De Stijl movement, he was the chief exponent of neoplasticism, a rigorous abstract style based on the use of simple geometric forms and pure colours. Typically his works are frameworks of horizontal and vertical lines forming r...

Monaghan
(county) County of the Republic of Ireland, in the province of Ulster; county town Monaghan; area 1,290 sq km/498 sq mi; population (2002) 52,600. The county is low and rolling, with hills in the northwest, the highest point being Slieve Beagh (381 m/1,217 ft). The principa...

Mombasa
Industrial port and tourist resort in Kenya (the port also serves Uganda and Tanzania); population (2002 est) 707,400. It stands on Mombasa Island and the adjacent mainland (the island of Mombasa is linked to the mainland by the Mukapa causeway). As well as tourism, industries include car assembl...

Molotov cocktail
Home-made weapon consisting of a bottle filled with petrol, plugged with a rag as a wick, ignited, and thrown as a grenade. Resistance groups during World War II named them after the Soviet foreign minister Vyacheslav Molotov

Mohorovicic discontinuity
Seismic discontinuity, marked by a rapid increase in the speed of earthquake waves, that is taken to represent the boundary between the Earth's crust and mantle. It follows the variations in the thickness of the crust and is found approximately 35–40 km/22–25 mi below the continents and about 10 km/6 mi below the oceans. It is...

Mohawk
(people) Member of an American Indian people, part of the Iroquois confederation, who originally inhabited the Mohawk Valley, New York. Their language belongs to the Macro-Siouan group. The Mohawk were maize farmers and hunters, whose traditional aggression towards neighbouring Algonquian ...

Mogul dynasty
Click images to enlargeNorthern Indian dynasty 1526–1858, established by Babur, Muslim descendant of Tamerlane, the 14th-century Mongol leader. The Mogul emperors ruled until the last one, Bahadur Shah II, was dethroned and exiled by the British; they included Akbar, Aurangzeb, and Shah Jahan. The Moguls esta...

module
In construction, a standard or unit that governs the form of the rest. For example, Japanese room sizes are traditionally governed by multiples of standard tatami floor mats; today prefabricated buildings are mass-produced in a similar way. Spacecraft components, designed in coordination, are also modules. For the Apollo ...

Moderator
In the Church of Scotland, the minister chosen to act as president of the annual General Assembly

Mount Palomar
Astronomical observatory near Pasadena, California. Its telescopes include the 5.1-m/200-in diameter reflector called the Hale, and the 1.2-m/48-in Schmidt Telescope. Completed in 1948, it was the world's premier observatory during the 1950s

Moses
Hebrew lawgiver and judge who led the Israelites out of Egypt to the promised land of Canaan. On Mount Sinai he claimed to have received from Jehovah the oral and written Law, including the Ten Commandments engraved on tablets of stone. The first five books of the Old Testament – in Judaism, the...

Montgomery, Bernard Law
English field marshal. In World War II he commanded the 8th Army in North Africa in the Second Battle of El Alamein in 1942. As commander of British troops in northern Europe from 1944, he received the German surrender in 1945. At the start of World War II Montgomery commanded part of the British Expeditionary Force in France 1939–40 and took ...

Montessori, Maria
Italian educationist. Working with mentally disabled children, she developed the Montessori method, an educational system for all children based on an informal approach, incorporating instructive play and allowing children to develop at their own pace. The Montessori method also emphasizes the value of work. Children are given a wide variety of mat...

Montcalm-Gozon, Louis-Joseph de
French general, appointed military commander in Canada in 1756. He won a succession of victories over the British during the French and Indian War, but was defeated in 1759 by James Wolfe at Québec on the Plains of Abraham, where both he and Wolfe were killed; this battle marked the end of French rule in Canada

Montanism
Movement within the early Christian church that strove to return to the purity of primitive Christianity. It originated in Phrygia in about 156 with the teaching of a prophet named Montanus, and spread to Anatolia, Rome, Carthage, and Gaul. The theologian Tertullian was a Montanist

Montaigne, Michel Eyquem de
French writer. He is regarded as the creator of the essay form. In 1580 he published the first two volumes of his Essais; the third volume appeared in 1588, and the definitive edition was issued posthumously in 1595. In his writings Montaigne considers all aspects of life from an urbanely sceptical viewpoint. He is critical o...

Monroe, James
5th president of the USA 1817–25, a Democratic Republican. He served in the American Revolution, was minister to France 1794–96, and in 1803 negotiated the Louisiana Purchase. He was secretary of state 1811–14 and 1815–17, and secretary of war 1814–15. His name is associated with the Monroe Doctrine. Monroe served in the le...

Monothelite
Member of a group of Christian heretics of the 7th century who sought to reconcile the orthodox and Monophysite theologies by maintaining that, while Christ possessed two natures, he had only one will. Monothelitism was condemned as a heresy by the Third Council of Constantinople in 680

monorail
Railway that runs on a single rail; the cars can be balanced on it or suspended from it. It was invented in 1882 to carry light loads, and when run by electricity was called a telpher. The Wuppertal Schwebebahn, which has been running in Germany since 1901, is a suspension monorail, where the passenger cars hang from an arm fixed to a trolley t...

Monophysite
Member of a group of Christian heretics of the 5th–7th centuries who taught that Jesus had one nature, in opposition to the orthodox doctrine (laid down at the Council of Chalcedon in 451) that he had two natures, the human and the divine. Monophysitism developed as a reaction to Nestorianism and led to the formal secession of the Coptic and A...

Monmouthshire
Unitary authority in southeast Wales. A former county, between 1974 and 1996 it became (except for a small area on the border with Mid Glamorgan) the county of Gwent. Area 851 sq km/328 sq mi Towns Cwmbran (administrative headquarters), Chepstow, Abergavenny, Caldicot, and Monmouth Physical river...

Monck, George
English soldier. During the English Civil War he fought for King Charles I, but after being captured changed sides and took command of the Parliamentary forces in Ireland. Under Oliver Cromwell he became commander-in-chief in Scotland, and in 1660 he led his army into England and brought about the Restoration of Charles II. He became duke ...

Monet, Claude
Click images to enlargeFrench painter. He was a pioneer of Impressionism and a lifelong exponent of its ideals; his painting Impression, Sunrise (1872) gave the movement its name. In the 1870s he began painting the same subjects at different times of day to explore the ever-changing effects of l...

Moloch
In the Old Testament, a Phoenician deity worshipped in Jerusalem in the 7th century BC, to whom live children were sacrificed by fire

Molière
French satirical dramatist and actor. Modern French comedy developed from his work. After the collapse of the Paris-based Illustre Théâtre (of which he was one of the founders), Molière performed in the provinces 1645–58. In 1655 he wrote his first play, L'Etourdi/The Blunderer, and on his return t...

molecule
Click images to enlargeSmallest configuration of an element or compound that can exist independently. One molecule is made up of a group of atoms held together by covalent or ionic bonds. Several non-metal elements exist as molecules. For example, hydrogen atoms, at room temperature, do not exist independently. They a...

Mojave Desert
Arid region in southern California, USA, part of the Great Basin; average height above sea-level 600 m/2,000 ft; area 38,500 sq km/15,000 sq mi. It lies to the northeast of Los Angeles, and to the southeast of the Sierra Nevada. The US military has appropriated thousands of square kilometres for bombing ranges and test stations,...

Moi, Daniel arap
Kenyan politician, president 1978–2002. Leader of the Kenya African National Union (KANU), he became minister of home affairs in 1964, vice-president in 1967, and succeeded Jomo Kenyatta as president. He enjoyed the support of Western governments but was widely criticized for Kenya's poor human-rights record. His administration, fi...

Mohican
Member of an American Indian people who occupied the upper Hudson River valley in New York State until the mid-17th century. They are closely related to the Mohegan, and share Algonquian linguistic traditions. The Mohican were divided into five groups, each led by a sachem (hereditary chieftain). Traditionally they lived in stockaded villages o...

Mohenjo Daro
Site of a city about 2500–1600 BC on the lower Indus River, northwestern Pakistan, where excavations from the 1920s have revealed the Indus Valley civilization, to which the city of Harappa also belongs

mohair
Yarn made from the long, lustrous hair of the Angora goat or rabbit, loosely woven with cotton, silk, or wool to produce a fuzzy texture. It became popular for jackets, coats, and sweaters in the 1950s. Commercial mohair is now obtained from cross-bred animals, pure-bred supplies being insufficient to satisfy demand

Mogadishu
Capital, largest city, and chief port of Somalia; population (2007 est) 2,855,800. The city lies on the Indian Ocean coast of Somalia and is a centre for oil refining, food processing, and chemical production; there are uranium reserves nearby. History Mogadishu orginated as an Arab settlement in the 10th century, but was in decline by the ...

modulation
(radio) In radio transmission, the variation of frequency, or amplitude, of a radio carrier wave, in accordance with the audio characteristics of the speaking voice, music, or other signal being transmitted

Modigliani, Amedeo
Italian painter and sculptor, active in France from 1906. He is best known for graceful nudes and portraits. His paintings – for example, the portrait of his mistress Jeanne Hébuterne (1919; Guggenheim Museum, New York) – have a distinctive style, the forms elongated and sensual. Born in Livorno of an Italian-Jewish family, h...

Modena
(town) Town in Emilia-Romagna, Italy, capital of the province of Modena, 37 km/23 mi northwest of Bologna; population (2001) 175,500. Industries include engineering and the production of vehicles (Ferrari), glass, textiles, shoes, pasta, and sausages. The town has a 12th-centur...

Mobile
Industrial city and administrative headquarters of Mobile County, southwest Alabama, USA, at the mouth of the Mobile River, on the northwest shore of Mobile Bay, 48 km/30 mi from the Gulf of Mexico; population (2000 est) 198,900. It is the only seaport in Alabama. Industries include meatpacking and the manufacture of wood products, aircraft...