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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary
Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary
Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK
Words: 116197
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helium speechThe peculiar high-pitched, often unintelligible speech sounds produced when one breathes a mixture of up to 80 per cent helium and 20 per cent oxygen. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
helium-3The rare stable isotope of helium (1.37 parts per million of ordinary helium); produced by the beta decay of tritium. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
helium-4The common helium isotope, making up 99.999% of natural helium; it is emitted in the form of alpha rays (which are helium nuclei), from a variety of radionuclides. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
helix<chemistry, molecular biology> A spiral structure in a macromolecule that contains a repeating pattern. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
helix (snails)A genus of chiefly eurasian and african land snails including the principal edible snails as well as several pests of cultivated plants. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
helix destabilising protein<molecular biology, protein> Proteins involved in DNA replication. They bind cooperatively to single stranded areas of a DNA molecule in a double helix, causing the helix to unwind and preventing the reformation of the duplex and extending the DNA backbone, thus making the exposed bases more accessible for base pairing. ... (10 Oct 1997) ...
helix loop helix<molecular biology> A motif associated with transcription factors, allowing them to recognise and bind to specific DNA sequences. Two _ helices are separated by a loop. ... Examples: myoblast MyoD1, c myc, Drosophila genes daughterless, hairy, twist, scute, achaete, asense. Not the same as helix turn helix. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
helix turn helix<molecular biology> A motif associated with transcription factors, allowing them to bind to and recognise specific DNA sequences. Two amphipathic _ helices are separated by a short sequence with a _ sheet. One helix lies across the major groove of the DNA, while the recognition helix enters the major groove and interacts with specific bases. …
helix-coil transition<molecular biology> A change in the structure of a nucleic acid or protein molecule from a highly ordered, complex structure to a random, chaotic structure. Also means that the protein or nucleic acid becomes denatured. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
helix-loop-helix motifsA group of 20-residue peptides characterised by two alpha helices separated by a non-helical segment. These recurring supersecondary structural patterns are found in many sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
helix-turn-helix motifsThe first DNA-binding protein motif to be recognised. Helix-turn-helix motifs were originally identified in bacterial proteins but have since been found in hundreds of DNA-binding proteins from both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. They are constructed from two alpha helices connected by a short extended chain of amino acids, which constitute the 'turn. …
hell1. The place of the dead, or of souls after death; the grave; called in Hebrew sheol, and by the Greeks hades. 'He descended into hell.' (Book of Common Prayer) 'Thou wilt not leave my soul in hell.' (Ps. Xvi. 10) ... 2. The place or state of punishment for the wicked after death; the abode of evil spirits. Hence, any mental torment; anguish. 'Withi …
helleboreA plant belonging to the genus Helleborus. It is a type of buttercup with leaves at the base of the plant and flowers in clusters. Some species contain the organic chemical helleborein, which is used as a heart stimulant. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
helleborein<protein> A poisonous chemical found in the roots and rhizomes (underground stem other than roots) of certain hellebore plants. It is a yellow crystalline solid with the chemical formula C37H56O18 and is used as a stimulant of the heart. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
helleborusBlack hellebore, the dried rhizome and roots of Helleborus niger (family Ranunculaceae); used as a cardiac and arterial tonic, diuretic, and cathartic. ... Origin: G. Helleboros ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Heller myotomySynonym for oesophagomyotomy ... <procedure> Treatment of oesophageal achalasia by longitudinal division of the lowest part of the oesophageal muscle down to the submucosal layer; some muscle fibres of the cardia may also be divided. ... Synonym: cardiomyotomy, oesophagogastromyotomy, Heller myotomy. ... Origin: oesophagus + G. Mys, muscle, + to …
Heller operationOesophagomyotomy at the gastro-oesophageal region. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Heller, Arnold<person> German pathologist, 1840-1913. ... See: Heller's plexus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Heller, Ernst<person> German surgeon, 1877-1964. ... See: Heller operation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Heller's plexusPlexus of small arteries in the wall of the intestine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Hellin, Dyonizy<person> Polish pathologist, 1867-1935. ... See: Hellin's law. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Hellin's lawTwins occur once in 89 births, triplets once in 892, and quadruplets once in 893. If the frequency of twins in a population is p, the frequency of triplets is p2, and the frequency of quadruplets is p3. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
hellp syndrome<syndrome> Haemolysis-elevated liver enzymes-low platelet count syndrome. A pre-eclamptic or eclamptic disorder with the findings shown in the clinical description from which the acronym is created. Severe hypertension may be present. Abnormal sgot and sgpt levels also appear. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
Helly, Konrad<person> Swiss pathologist, *1875. ... See: Helly's fixative. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Helly's fixativeA combination of potassium dichromate, mercuric chloride, formaldehyde, and distilled water, used as a microanatomic fixative for cytoplasmic granules and nuclear staining; has the same disadvantages as Zenker's fixative. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
helmet1. A defensive covering for the head. See Casque, Headpiece, Morion, Sallet, and Illust. Of Beaver. ... 2. The representation of a helmet over shields or coats of arms, denoting gradations of rank by modifications of form. ... 3. A helmet-shaped hat, made of cork, felt, metal, or other suitable material, worn as part of the uniform of soldiers, firem …
helmet cellA schistocyte shaped like a military helmet. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Helmholtz energyEnergy equivalent to the internal energy minus the entropy contribution (TS). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Helmholtz theory of accommodationThat the ciliary muscle relaxes for near vision and allows the anterior aspect of the lens to become more convex. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Helmholtz theory of colour visionSynonym for Young-Helmholtz theory of colour vision ... A theory that there are three colour-perceiving elements in the retina: red, green, and blue. Perception of other colours arises from the combined stimulation of these elements; deficiency or absence of any one of these elements results in inability to perceive that colour and a misperception o …
Helmholtz theory of hearingSynonym for resonance theory of hearing ... That the basilar membrane of the cochlea acts as a resonating structure, recording low tones from its apical turns and high tones from its basal turns. ... Synonym: Helmholtz theory of hearing. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Helmholtz-Gibbs theorySynonym for Gibbs-Helmholtz equation ... An equation expressing the relationship in a galvanic cell between the chemical energy transformed and the maximal electromotive force obtainable. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Helmholtz, Hermann von<person> German physician, physicist, and physiologist, 1821-1894. ... See: Helmholtz' axis ligament, Helmholtz energy, Helmholtz theory of accommodation, Helmholtz theory of colour vision, Helmholtz theory of hearing, Helmholtz-Gibbs theory, Gibbs-Helmholtz equation, Young-Helmholtz theory of colour vision. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Helmholtz' axis ligament<anatomy> A ligament forming the axis about which the malleus rotates; it consists of two portions extending from the anterior and the posterior border, respectively, of the tympanic notch to the malleus. ... Synonym: axis ligament of malleus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
helminthAny parasitic worm, though it usually refers to one living in the intestines of a vertebrate animal. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
helminth proteinsProteins found in any species of helminth. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
helminthemesisThe vomiting or expulsion through the mouth of intestinal worms. ... Origin: G. Helmins, a worm, + emesis, vomiting ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
helminthes<zoology> One of the grand divisions or branches of the animal kingdom. It is a large group including a vast number of species, most of which are parasitic. ... Synonym: Enthelminthes, Enthelmintha. ... The following classes are included, with others of less importance: Cestoidea (tapeworms), Trematodea (flukes, etc), Turbellaria (planarians), …
helminthiasisAn infection by a parasitic worm (a helminth), which can be in the intestines, under the skin, or in the general area of the gut. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
helminthiasis, animalInfestation of animals with parasitic worms of the helminth class. The infestation may be experimental or veterinary. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
helminthicSynonym for anthelmintic ... <pharmacology> An agent that is destructive to worms and used for removing internal parasitic worms in animals and humans. ... Origin: Gr. Helmins = worm ... (13 Nov 1997) ...
helminthic dysenteryDysentery caused by infection with parasitic worms. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
helminthismSynonym for helminthiasis ... An infection by a parasitic worm (a helminth), which can be in the intestines, under the skin, or in the general area of the gut. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
helminthoidWormlike. ... Origin: G. Helminthodes, wormlike, fr. Helmins, worm, + eidos, resemblance ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
helminthology<study> The scientific study of parasitic worms, or helminths. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
helminthomaA discrete nodule of granulomatous inflammation (including the healed stage) caused by a helminth or its products, so termed on the basis of certain gross resemblances to a neoplasm. ... Origin: G. Helmins, worm, + -oma, tumour ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
helminthophobia<psychology> Morbid fear of worms. ... Origin: G. Helmins, worm, + phobos, fear ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
helminthosporin<protein> An organic substance produced by a disease-causing fungus which acts like a gibberellin to plants, causing them to grow dramatically. Its chemical formula is C15H10O5. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
helminthosporiumA deuteromycetous fungal genus including both saprophytes and plant parasites. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
helminthosporium leaf spotA plant disease affecting some grasses which is caused by parasitic fungi from the genus Helminthosporium and which appears as discoloured spots. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
helminths<epidemiology> Worms, in particular the five groups of parasitic worms: Monogeneans (flukes), Digeneans (flukes, schistosomes), Cestodes (tapeworms), Nematodes (roundworms) and Acanthocephalans (spiny-headed worms). ... (05 Dec 1998) ...
helminticSynonym for anthelmintic ... <pharmacology> An agent that is destructive to worms and used for removing internal parasitic worms in animals and humans. ... Origin: Gr. Helmins = worm ... (13 Nov 1997) ...
HelodermaThe only genus of poisonous lizards, such as the Gila monster, so named because of the tubercular scales which cover their bodies. They are native to Mexico and the southwestern U.S. ... Origin: G. Helos, nail, + derma, skin ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
helomaSynonym: clavus. ... Origin: G. Helos, nail, + -oma, tumour ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
heloma durumSynonym for hard corn ... The usual form of corn over a toe joint. ... Synonym: heloma durum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
heloma molleSynonym for soft corn ... <dermatology> A corn formed by pressure between two toes, the surface being macerated and yellowish in colour. ... Synonym: heloma molle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
helosisRarely used term denoting the condition of having corns. ... Origin: G. Helousthai, to become callous ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
helotismA type of organism-organism interaction where one organism enslaves the other for its own benefit. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
helotomy<procedure> Surgical treatment of corns. ... Origin: heloma + G. Tome, cutting ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
help1. To furnish with strength or means for the successful performance of any action or the attainment of any object; to aid; to assist; as, to help a man in his work; to help one to remember; the following infinitive is commonly used without to; as, 'Help me scale yon balcony.' ... 2. To furnish with the means of deliverance from trouble; as, to help …
helper cellA subset of T lymphocytes that acts in cooperation with B lymphocytes to permit antibody formation. ... Synonym: inducer cell. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
helper factorA group of factors apparently produced by helper T lymphocytes that act specifically or non-specifically to transfer T-cell help to other classes of lymphocytes. The existence of specific T-cell helper factor is uncertain. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
helper phageA virus which helps a separate and unrelated defective virus reproduce by infecting the same host cell that is already occupied by the defective virus and providing the proteins which the defective virus is missing and needs to complete its life cycle. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
helper t lymphocyte<haematology, immunology> A type of white blood cell produced by the thymus gland whose presence is necessary for normal levels of antibodies to be produced by B lymphocytes, both in the body (in vivo) and in experimental situations (in vitro). ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
helper virus<virology> A virus that will allow the replication of a co-infecting defective virus by producing the necessary protein. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
helper virusesViruses which enable defective viruses to replicate or to form a protein coat by complementing the missing gene function of the defective (satellite) virus. Helper and satellite may be of the same or different genus. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
helping behaviourBehaviours associated with the giving of assistance or aid to individuals. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
helplessness, learnedLearned expectation that one's responses are independent of reward and, hence, do not predict or control the occurrence of rewards. Learned helplessness derives from a history, experimentally induced or naturally occurring, of having received punishment/aversive stimulation regardless of responses made. Such circumstances result in an impaired abil …
helsinki declarationAn agreement signed in helsinki, finland in 1975 by 35 countries, that promotes human rights and economic, social, and cultural progress. It is officially called the conference on security and cooperation in europe. In medicine it often refers to the ethics of clinical research, human experimentation, consent, and other questions of medical ethics. …
Helvella esculentaSynonym for Gyromitra esculenta ... A species of mushroom that may produce a monomethylhydrazine toxin which causes nausea, diarrhoea, and other symptoms; in severe cases death may occur. ... Synonym: Helvella esculenta. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
HelwegHans K.S., Danish physician, 1847-1901. ... See: Helweg's bundle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Helweg-LarssenHelweg-Larssen, Hans F., 20th century Danish dermatologist. ... See: Helweg-Larssen syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Helweg-Larssen syndrome<syndrome> Familial anhidrosis present from birth with neurolabyrinthitis developing in the fourth or fifth decade. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Helweg's bundleSynonym for olivospinal tract ... A slender bundle of nerve fibres in the peripheral zone of the lateral funiculus of the spinal cord, composed of spino-olivary fibres more likely than olivospinal fibres. ... Synonym: Helweg's bundle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
hemagglutinationSynonym for haemagglutination ... <haematology> Agglutination of red blood cells, often used to test for the presence of antibodies directed against red cell surface antigens or carbohydrate binding proteins or viruses in a solution. Requires that the agglutinin has at least two binding sites. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
hemagglutininSynonym for haemagglutinin ... <haematology> Substance that will bring about the agglutination of erythrocytes. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
hemalRelating to the blood or blood vessels; pertaining to, situated in the region of, or on the side with, the heart and great blood vessels; opposed to neural. ... As applied to vertebrates, hemal is the same as ventral, the heart and great blood vessels being on the ventral, and the central nervous system on the dorsal, side of the vertebral column.
hemangioblast
Synonym for haemangioblast ... <haematology> Earliest mesodermal precursor of both blood and vascular endothelial cells. Described in embryonic yolk sac blood islands of birds. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
hematemesis
Synonym for haematemesis ... <symptom> The vomiting of blood. ... Origin: Gr. Emesis = vomiting ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
hematite
<chemical> An important ore of iron, the sesquioxide, so called because of the red colour of the powder. It occurs in splendent rhombohedral crystals, and in massive and earthy forms; the last called red ocher. ... Synonym: specular iron, oligist iron, rhombohedral iron ore, and bloodstone. See Brown hematite, under Brown. ... Origin: L. Haemat …
hematocrit
Synonym for haematocrit ... <haematology, investigation> Relative volume of blood occupied by erythrocytes. An average figure for humans is 45ml per cent, i.e. A packed red cell volume of 45ml in 100ml of blood. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
hematological
Synonym for haematological ... <haematology> Relating to haematology, that is that branch of medical science which studies the morphology of the blood and blood forming tissues. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
hematology
Synonym for haematology ... <study> The study of the morphology of the blood and blood forming tissues. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
hematoma
Synonym for haematoma ... <haematology, pathology> A localised collection of blood, usually clotted, in an organ, space or tissue, due to a break in the wall of a blood vessel. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
hematopoesis
Synonym for haemopoiesis ... <haematology> The formation and development of blood cells involving both proliferation and differentiation from stem cells. In adult mammals usually occurs in bone marrow. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
hematopoiesis
Synonym for haemopoiesis ... <haematology> The formation and development of blood cells involving both proliferation and differentiation from stem cells. In adult mammals usually occurs in bone marrow. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
hematopoietic stem cell
Synonym for haemopoietic stem cell ... <haematology> Cell that gives rise to distinct daughter cells, one a replica of the stem cell, one a cell that will further proliferate and differentiate into a mature blood cell. ... Pluripotent stem cells can give rise to all lineages, committed stem cells (derived from the pluripotent stem cell) only to …
hematoxylin
Synonym for haematoxylin ... <chemical> Basophilic stain that gives a blue colour (to the nucleus of a cell for example), commonly used in conjunction with eosin that stains the cytoplasm pink or red. Various modifications of haematoxylin have been developed. The histopathologist's H&E is haematoxylin and eosin. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
hematuria
Synonym for haematuria ... <clinical sign, urology> The finding of blood in the urine. ... Origin: Gr. Ouron = urine ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
heme
Synonym for haem ... 1. <biochemistry> Compounds of iron complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring that differ in side chain composition. Haems are the prosthetic groups of cytochromes and are found in most oxygen carrier proteins. ... 2. <prefix> haem-, eaning relating to blood. ... Origin: G. Haima ... (21 Jun 2000) ...
hemeralopia
<medicine> A disease of the eyes, in consequence of which a person can see clearly or without pain only by daylight or a strong artificial light; day sight. ... Some writers (as Quain) use the word in the opposite sense, i. E, day blindness. See Nyctalopia. ... Origin: NL, fr. Gr, the opposite of; day + of . See Nyctalopia. ... Source: Websters …
hemi-
One-half. ... Compare: semi-. ... Origin: G. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
hemiacardius
One of twin foetuses, in which only a part of the circulation is effected by its own heart, the rest by the heart of the other twin. ... Origin: hemi-+ G. A-priv. + kardia, heart ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
hemiacetal
RCH(OH)OR', a product of the addition of an alcohol to an aldehyde (an acetal is formed by the addition of an alcohol to a hemiacetal). In the aldose sugars, the hemiacetal formation is internal and labile, brought about by the 4-OH or 5-OH attack on the carbonyl O, yielding the furanose or pyranose structures; the hemiacetal forms of the sugars ar …
hemiacrosomia
A congenital form of hemihypertrophy of an extremity. ... Origin: hemi-+ G. Akron, extremity, + soma, body ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
hemiageusia
Loss of taste from one side of the tongue. ... Synonym: hemiageustia, hemigeusia. ... Origin: hemi-+ G. A-priv. + geusis, taste ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
hemiageustia
Synonym for hemiageusia ... Loss of taste from one side of the tongue. ... Synonym: hemiageustia, hemigeusia. ... Origin: hemi-+ G. A-priv. + geusis, taste ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
hemialgia
Pain affecting one entire half of the body. ... Origin: hemi-+ G. Algos, pain ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
hemianaesthesia
<neurology> Loss of sensation on one side of the body. ... Origin: Gr. Aisthesis = sensation ... (27 Sep 1997) ...
hemianalgesia
<neurology> The inability to feel pain on one side of the body. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
