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Research Autism - Glossary of autism spectrum Category: Health and Medicine > Autism Date & country: 16/12/2007, UK Words: 577

EEG biofeedback therapy
Another name for Biofeedback

EDTA
Also known as ethylene-diamine-tetra-acetic acid, an agent used in Chelation

ECT
Acronym for Electro-Convulsive Therapy

Edetate Disodium
Drug used to treat a condition called hypercalcemia, in which there is too much calcium in the blood. If given by mistake, can produce hypocalcemia, in which there is not enough calcium in the blood.

Echolia
Repeating words or sounds, usually over and over, without necessarily understanding their meaning.

Echopraxia
Involuntary repetition or imitation of the observed movements of another person. Even though it is considered a tic, it is a behaviour characteristic of some people with autism.

Echolalia
Alternative spelling for echolia.

EarlyBird Programme
Parent-focused programme, run by the National Autistic Society in the UK, designed to help parents understand and work with their children

Dyspraxia
Impairment or immaturity of the organisation of movement with associated problems of language, perception and thought. People with dyspraxia may appear clumsy.

Dyslexia
Significant difficulty with or impairment in reading ability, when reading is compared with other aspects of psychological functioning.

DVD instruction-modelling
Use of DVDs to teach specific skills

Dyskenesia
Abnormal movements of the muscles resulting from a disorder of the brain. Movements are uncoordinated and involuntary and occur in facial as well as limb muscles.

DTT.
Acronym for Discrete Trail Training.

Drama therapy
Use of drama techniques to facilitate personal growth and promote health

DSP
Acronym for Developmental Social-Pragmatic model

Downing Technique
A form of lightwave stimulation in which an individual looks at coloured light produced by a special machine called a Lumatron or a Photron Light Stimulator.

Double blind
Control group test where neither the evaluator nor the subject knows which items are controls.

Dore method
Series of balance and coordination exercises

Dorsal stream
Pathway for visual information which flows through the visual cortex, the part of the brain which provides visual processing.

Domipramine
Type of TricyclicAnti-depresssant

Doman Delecato
Another term for Doman Therapy

Doman
Highly controversial intervention which seeks to repair damage to the brain through the use of 'patterning' therapy. This involves a series of bodily exercises that are intended to 'rewire' the brain.

Dolphin therapy
Therapy that involves a person with autism interacting with dolphins, usually by swimming alongside them.

Dolphin Assisted Therapy
Treatment that involves people with disabilities being rewarded if they complete predetermined tasks. The rewards include being allowed to touch, 'look after' or swim with one or more dolphins.

DMSA
Also known as succimer or Chemet, an agent used in Chelation

Divine Healing
Another term for Faith Healing

DMG
Acronym for Dimethylglycine

DMPS
Also known as 2,3-Dimercapto-1-propanesulfonic acid, an agent used in Chelation

DISCO
Acronym for Diagnostic Instrument for Social and Communication Disorders.

Discrete Trial Training.
Key element of the Lovaas method. It requires the therapists to break down skills into small tasks that are achievable and taught in a very structured manner.

DIR Method
Type of developmental intervention

Digestive enzymes
Use of proteins that catalyse (accelerate) chemical reactions in the alimentary tract in order to break down food

Dimethylglycine
Amino acid found in animal and plant cells, used as a food supplement

Diets
There any many different kinds of diet which are supposed to help

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual
Classification of psychiatric disorders published by the American Psychiatric Association.

Diagnostic Criteria
Criteria - rules or standards - used to determine a diagnosis

Diagnosis
Process in which a syndrome or disorder is identified on the basis of its symptoms and the patient's medical history.

Dextroamphetamine
A form of stimulant medication, used to treat inattention and hyperactivity. Well known brands include Dexedrine and Dextrostat.

Developmental interventions
Another term for Relationship-Based interventions

Detoxification
Achieved by Chelation and/or by special diets

Development Delay
Significant lag in a child's physical, cognitive, behavioural, emotional, or social development.

Depression
Describes a range of moods, from low spirits that we all experience occasionally, to a severe problem that interferes with everyday life.

Denver Model
Developmentally based programme employing behavioural techniques

Depot injection
Long acting, intramuscular injection

Delusion
A fixed, false belief, for example that someone is listening to your phone calls or trying to kill you. One of the symptoms of psychosis.

Deep pressure therapy
Type of pressure that is exerted in most types of firm touch, such as hugging, cuddling, squeezing, stroking or holding someone

DAT
Acronym for Dolphin Assisted Therapy, a treatment that involves people with disabilities interacting with dolphins, usually by touching them or by swimming alongside them.

DDAT
Another term for the Dore method

DAMP
Another term for Disorder of Attention, Motor Co-ordination and Perception.

Daily Schedule
Another name for Visual Schedule

Cystein or Cystin
Agent used in Chelation

Daily Life Therapy
Therapy which uses group dynamics, physical education, art, music, academic activity and vocational training. Also known as Higashi.

Cranial Osteopathy or Therapy
Form of osteopathy which involves gentle manipulation of the body, especially the head

Cross-Over Trial
A type of clinical trial comparing two or more interventions in which the participants, upon completion of the course of one treatment, are switched to another.

Counselling
Talking treatment which allows individuals to talk about their problems

Control Group
The group in a controlled trial that acts as a comparator for one or more experimental interventions. The people in the control group may receive a placebo, no treatment, standard treatment, or an active intervention.

Connect Therapy
Australian derivative of the Son-Rise program

Contraindication
Condition which makes an individual more likely to be harmed by an intervention than an average person.

Conductive education
System of education for children and adults with physical and multiple disabilities originating from damage to the central nervous system

Compulsive
Compulsive actions and rituals are behaviours that are repeated over and over again.

Computer applications
Range of computer-based interventions

Complementary
Interventions which complement traditional, medical treatments and therapies.

Combined interventions
Interventions, such as Speech and Language Therapy and TEACCH, which use a variety of different techniques

Coloured filters
Coloured lenses or overlays which help individuals see better

Colour Therapy
Use of colour to re-balance the chakras (energy centres) that have become depleted of energy

Colorimeter, Intuitive
A colorimiter is an instrument that measures colour. The Intuitive Colorimeter, invented by Professor Wilkins, shines coloured light on a page of text and allows the user to vary the light so that he or she can see better.

Cognitive Scripts
Technique used in Cognitive Behavioural Therapy

Cognitive Learning Strategies
Technique used in Cognitive Behavioural Therapy

Cognitive Behavioural Therapy
Therapy designed to improve your ability to monior your own behaviour and performance.

Cod liver oil
Essential Fatty Acid

Cognitive Behavioural Modification
Another term for Cognitive Behavioural Therapy

Cochrane Collaboration
An international not-for-profit organisation, providing up-to-date information about the effects of health care.

Co morbidity
One or more diseases or conditions other than that of primary interest. Many people with autism have other conditions, such as epilepsy or a learning disability.

Clonidine
Type of adrenergic agonist

Clozapine
Type of Atypical Anti-psychotic

Clomipramine
Type of TricyclicAnti-depresssant

Clathration
Form of Chelation

Clinical trial
An experiment to compare the effects of two or more healthcare interventions. Clinical trial is an umbrella term for a variety of designs of healthcare trials, including uncontrolled trials, controlled trials, and randomised controlled trials.

Citalopram
Type of SSRI Anti-depresssant

Chiropractic
Therapy in which disease is considered the result of abnormal function of the nervous system. The method of treatment usually involves manipulation of the spinal column and other body structures

Children's Global Assessment Scale
Numeric scale (1 through 100) used to rate the general functioning of children under the age of 18.

Childhood Disintegrative Disorder
A rare form of ASD in which a child appears to develolp normally until the age of two and then regresses.

Childhood Autism Rating Scale
Measure used to identify children ages 2 years and older with autism.

Chemet
Agent used in Chelation

Childhood Autism
Another term for Autism

Chelation
Chemical means of removing heavy metals, such as mercury from the body. Some people believe that autism is caused by an excess of heavy metals in people with autism.

CFCF diet
Gluten-free, casein-free diet.

CGAS
Acronym for Children's Global Assessment Scale

Chat room
Type of Online Community

Cerebral Sphingolipidosis
Another term for Cerebral Lipidosis

CBT
Acronym for Cognitive Behavioural Therapy.

Cell or Cellular Therapy
Various procedures in which processed tissue from animal embryos, foetuses or organs, is injected or taken orally

Cerebral Lipidosis
Any of a group of inherited diseases characterized by progressive spastic paralysis, blindness, convulsions and learning disabilities. Caused by abnormal phospholipid metabolism. More common in people with autism.

CBM
Acronym for Cognitive Behavioural Modification - also known as Cognitive Behavioural Therapy

Casomorphin
A peptide produced by digestion of the milk protein casein

Catatonia
Complex disorder covering a range of abnormalities of posture, movement, speech and behaviour associated with over- as well as under-activity.

Casein-free diet
Diet based around elimination or reduction of casein

Case Study
A study reporting observations on a single individual.

Casein
Protein found in dairy products such as milk, butter and yoghurt. Believed by some people to be the cause of some of the symptoms of autism.

Cartooning
Use of cartoons to enhance social understanding, for example, by drawing thought bubbles to show what someone is thinking