Copy of `Research Autism - Glossary of autism spectrum`

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Research Autism - Glossary of autism spectrum Category: Health and Medicine > Autism Date & country: 16/12/2007, UK Words: 577

L-glutamine
Essential amino acid, used as a food supplement

A-Z method
Use of video to illustrate and explain everyday objects

G Therapy
Homeopathic remedy based on plant oils

Ziprasidone
Type of atypical anti-psychotic

Zone Therapy
Another name for reflexology

Zinc
Mineral supplement, used by some people to treat autistic spectrum disorders

Zeolite
Volcanic mineral, sometimes used as a chelating agent

Yoga
Combination of breathing exercises, physical postures, and meditation

Yeast-free diet
Diet which eliminates or reduces the amount of yeast in the digestive tract

Williams Syndrome
Rare disorder caused by an abnormality in chromosomes. It shows a wide variation in ability from person to person. It can cause learning disabilities. More common in people with autism.

Wilkins Rate of Reading Test
Test designed to measure the effects on reading of visuo-perceptual distortions of text, such as apparent movement of the words and letters, blurring and coloured halos.

Wilbarger Technique
Form of Brushing Therapy

West's Syndrome
Condition usually commencing between 3 and 8 months of age characterised by infantile spasms. More common in people with autism.

Weighted items
Items such as blankets or vests which have been made heavier so that they apply deep pressure to the body

Vitamin C
Water-soluble vitamin that is necessary for normal growth and development. It is found in all fruits and vegetables

Watsu
Form of hydrotherapy which combines elements of massage, joint mobilisation, shiatsu, muscle stretching and dance

Vitamin B-6
Water-soluble vitamin and is part of the vitamin B complex

Vitamin A
Fat-soluble vitamin found in some animal and vegetable products

Vitamin
Form of nutrient required in tiny amounts for essential metabolic reactions in living organisms

Visual supports
Visual supports refer to the presentation of information in a visually structured manner to make it easier to understand. For example, a daily schedule may be shown by photographs or cartoons.

Visual schedule
Means of representing each activity the individual will do during the day with a visual (or collection of visuals) presented in the exact order in which they will occur

Virtual reality
Technology which allows a user to interact with a computer-simulated environment

Visual integration training
Therapy designed to teach a person how to cope with his or her visual problems

Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales
Measures designed to assess the personal and social self-sufficiency of individuals from birth to early adulthood.

Video modelling
Therapy that uses videos to show children how to behave.

Venlaflaxine
Type of anti-depresssant

Verbal Behaviour Approach
Technique used within various interventions, such as EIBI, which focuses on teaching specific components of expressive language (mands, tacts, intraverbals, among others) first.

van Dijk Curricular Approach
Intervention based on joint encounters where two individuals (adult and child) experience events together so that the adult can better understand the child

Valproate sodium
Form of anti-convulsant

VABS
Acronym for Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales

Validity
The degree to which a result (of a measurement or study) is likely to be true and free of bias (systematic errors).

UCLA program by Dr. Lovaas,
Also known as the Lovaas Method â€` a form of Early Intensive Behavioural Intervention

Turner's Syndrome
Rare chromosomal condition affecting girls where the second X chromosome is absent or abnormal. More common in girls with autism.

Tuberous Sclerosis
Rare genetic disease that causes benign tumors to grow on vital organs. It commonly affects the central nervous system. More common in people with autism.

Tricyclics
Type of anti-depresssant

TTFD
Abbreviation of Thiamine Tetrahydrofurfuryl Disulfidean, an agent used in chelation

Triad of impairments.
Impairments affecting social interaction, social communication and imagination which are essential features of an autistic spectrum disorder.

Treatment Fidelity
Accuracy in reporting, describing or replicating an intervention.

Transfer Factor
Polypeptide secreted by lymphocytes that is capable of transferring immunity from one cell or individual to another

Tranquillisers
Class of drugs used to treat anxiety

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
Excitation of neurons though rapidly changing magnetic fields

Tourette's Syndrome
Condition characterised by multiple tics characteristically involving the face and head. More common in people with autism.

Touch therapies
Various therapies which use touch to heal

Tomatis method
Auditory training method, similar to Auditory integration training

Total Communication
Approach that makes use of a number of modes of communication such as signed, oral, auditory, written and visual aids, depending on the particular needs and abilities of the individual

Tinted lenses
Form of coloured filters

Toe walking
Walking on toes, a common symptomatic problem in some children with autism

Thioridazine
Type of typical anti-psychotic

Tic
Condition in which a part of the body moves repeatedly, quickly, suddenly and uncontrollably. Tics can occur in any body part, such as the face, shoulders, hands or legs.

Theraplay
Alternative spelling of Pheraplay, a form of play therapy

Therapy dogs
Another term for assistance dogs

Thimerosal
Mercury-containing organic compound. Widely used as a preservative in a number of biological and drug products, including many vaccines. Believed by some to be the one of the causes of autism.

Therapeutic Listening
Training programme which includes a form of auditory integration training

Therapeutic Touch
Form of touch therapy

Therapeutic Horseback Riding
Another term for horse riding, a form of animal therapy

Testosterone regulation
Control of testosterone in the body using drugs such as leuprolide

Theory of Mind
Ability to attribute mental states to oneself and others and to understand that others have beliefs, desires and intentions that are different from one's own

Testosterone
Main male sex hormone, a steroid which controls the growth and functioning of the male sex organs. Believed by some to reduce the effectiveness of chelation, a chemical intervention used to treat autism.

TEACCH
Acronym for Treatment and Education of Autistic and Communication-Handicapped Children. Term which describes the various activities undertaken by Division TEACCH, part of the Department of Psychiatry of the School of Medicine at the University of North Carolina in the USA.

Tantrum
Outburst of childish or petulant bad temper.

Tardive dyskinesia
Side effect of some anti-psychotic drugs, characterized by repetitive, involuntary, purposeless movements.

Tai Chi
Soft style martial art, applied with deep relaxation or “softness� in the musculature

Syndromal autism
Autism associated with other clinical signs, usually an indication of a second, underlying condition, such as tuberous sclerosis.

Symptom
Indication of the presence of a disease or disorder.

SWTD
Acronym for 'Swim with the dolphins' programmes, an intervention in which people with disabilities are allowed to swim with, touch or 'look after' wild or captive dolphins.

Surfing
Water sport and a type of physical therapy

Supported Employment
Range of services, including coaching, work experience and mentoring in the work place

Sulphation
The process of adding sulphate to the body, for example, by taking sulphate supplements, by applying magnesium sulphate directly onto the skin, or by bathing in magnesium sulphate.

Structured Teaching
Another name for TEACCH

Sulfation
Alternative spelling for sulphation - the process of adding sulphate to the body.

Stimulant medications
Class of drugs, which includes methylphenidate and dextroamphetamine, used to treat inattention and hyperactivity

Structural Integration
Another name for Rolfing

Stimming
Any kind of repetitive or stereotypic behaviour. Includes things like staring at lights, flapping hands or licking objects.

Steroids
Class of drugs, which includes cortisone or corticosteroids, which are used to reduce inflammation

Stem Cell Therapy
Another name for Cell Therapy

Statistically Significant
A result that is unlikely to have happened by chance. The usual threshold for this judgement is that the results, or more extreme results, would occur by chance with a probability of less than 0.05 if the null hypothesis was true

SSRI
Acronym for Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor - a type of Anti-depresssant

SSS
Acronym for Scotopic Sensitivity Syndrome

Squeeze Machine
Type of lateral pressure equipment

Spiritual Healing
Another term for Faith Healing

Speech and Language Therapy
Intervention in which a therapist works with individuals to help them develop their communication skills using a range of techniques

Speech Generating Device
Computer equipment which enables an individual to talk using synthetic, digital words

SPD
Accronym for Sensory Processing Disorder

Sodium Valproate
Type of Anti-Convulsant

Son-Rise programme
Intensive training programme based on the idea that the best way to help a child with autism is to follow the child's lead

Social Skills Groups
Groups which focus on the attainment of social skills

Social stories
Short stories for children on the autistic spectrum to aid their understanding of social situations.

Social encyclopedia
Social map of a person's life, a journal of personal experiences that are organised into categories to teach social understanding

Social Groups
Groups which provide opportunities for people to socialise, often with other people who have autistic spectrum disorders

Snoezelen
Type of multi-sensory environment

Social article
Another term for Social Stories

Smith Magenis syndrome
A genetic disorder where common characteristics include some degree of self-injury, sleep, disturbance, developmental delay, short stature, decreased sensitivity to pain, hyperactivity and destructive or aggressive behaviour. More common in people with autism.

Sleeping tablets
Another name for Tranquillisers

Sign Language
Language which uses manual communication instead of sound to convey meaning

SIBIS
Acronym for Self-Injurious Behavior Inhibiting System

Siccacell Therapy
Another name for Cell Therapy

SGD
Acronym for Speech Generating Devices

Shiatsu
Type of touch therapy, which uses the thumbs, fingers and palms to apply pressure to determined areas and points of the body

Sertraline
Type of SSRI Anti-depresssant

Sensory Sensitivity
Unusual reactions or sensitivity to sensations such as sound, light or touch.