Copy of `Research Autism - Glossary of autism spectrum`

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Research Autism - Glossary of autism spectrum Category: Health and Medicine > Autism Date & country: 16/12/2007, UK Words: 577

Intensive interaction
Approach to teaching the pre-speech fundamentals of communication to children and adults

Intensive interaction
An approach to teaching the pre-speech fundamentals of communication to children and adults who have severe learning difficulties and/or autism and who are still at an early stage of communication development

Intensive Behavioural Intervention
Also known as the Lovaas method, this is an intensive form of Applied Behavioural Analysis, a therapy used to treat autism and other conditions.

Intellectual Disability
Another term for Learning Disability.

Insomnia
Inability to sleep applied to the general complaint of having trouble falling or staying asleep.

Infantile Psychosis
Another term for Autism

Inflammatory Bowel Disease
These are chronic inflammatory diseases that may occur in any part of the gut. Believed to be more common in people with autism.

Infantile Autism
Another term for Autism

Incidental Teaching
Provision of instruction during typical activities based on the individual's interests and motivation

Incidence
Measures the rate of occurrence of new cases of a disease or disorder.

Immunotherapies
Group of interventions which are designed to make the immune system work more effectively. Includes treatments such as taking supplements of Intravenous immunoglobulin or essential fatty acids

Immunoglobulin
Protein used by the immune system to identify and neutralize foreign objects like bacteria and viruses. Also known as anti-body.

Idiopathic
Term used when the cause of a disease or disorder is unknown. Autism appears to be idiopathic.

IBI program in Ontario
Early intensive behavioural intervention provided by the provincial government

ICD 10
Acronym for the latest version of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems

Hypocusis
Reduction of auditory acuity. The opposite of hypercusis.

Hypocalcemia
Condition in which there is not enough calcium in the blood. May be caused by the administration of the wrong drugs during chelation.

Hyperkinetic Disorder
Another term for Attention Deficit (Hyperactivity) Disorder.

Hyperlexia
Condition in which the main characteristics are an above normal ability to read accompanied with a below normal ability to understand spoken language.

Hyperkinesis
Another term for Attention Deficit (Hyperactivity) Disorder.

Hypercusis
Abnormal discomfort caused by sounds that are tolerable to listeners with normal hearing. the opposite of hypocusis. A form of sensory sensitivity.

Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy
Therapy which increases atmospheric pressure to allow the body to incorporate more oxygen into the body

Hydrotherapy
Use of water for soothing pains and treating diseases

Hyperactivity
Condition characterized by overactive, poorly controlled behaviour and lack of concentration, most frequently seen in children. One of the elements of ADHD.

Hug Box or Machine
Form of lateral pressure equipment

Hydropathy
Another name for Hydrotherapy

Horse riding
Type of Animal Therapy

Hormonal therapies
Wide range of therapies which use hormones in one form or another. Includes Intravenous immunoglobulin, Melatonin, Oxytocin and Secretin

Homogenity
When the participants, interventions, and measurement of outcomes are similar across a set of studies.

Homeopathy
Therapy which treats individuals with extremely diluted agents that, in undiluted doses, produce similar symptoms in the healthy

Homeo-Biochemic Formulation Therapy
Another name for G Therapy

Home-based Behaviour Intervention
Another name for Early Intensive Behavioural Intervention

Holding Therapy
Consists of forced holding by a therapist or parent until the child stops resisting or until a fixed time period has elapsed

Hippotherapy
Another name for horse riding, a form of Animal Therapy

Higashi
Another term for Daily Life Therapy.

Heterogeneity
When the participants, interventions, and measurement of outcomes are disimilar across a set of studies.

Help! Program
Post-diagnostic support program for parents and carers of autistic children, developed by the National Autistic Society of the United Kingdom

Healing Touch
Form of Touch Therapy and a form of Faith Healing, in which the practitioner places their hands in a sequence of positions which cover the whole body

Halperidol
Type of Typical Anti-psychotic

Hanen program
Educational approach which enables parents to become their child's language facilitator

Hallucination
Hearing, seeing, smelling or feeling things which are not there. One of the symptoms of psychosis.

Group Dynamics
Process in which the members of a group may behave diffferently when they are in the group to when they are not. Group dynamics can be used as a tool to amend an individual's behaviour by including him or her within a group.

Glycemic Index
Ranking system for carbohydrates based on their immediate effect on blood glucose levels.

Gold Salts
Form of Mineral therapy

Greenspan method
Another name for the DIR Method

Gross Motor Skill
Skill relating to movement of the body as a whole or the limbs. For example, the skill required to stand upright.

Gluten-free diet
Diet which avoids or reduces foods which contain gluten, a substance found in cereals

Gluten
Protein found in cereals such as wheat, barley and rye. Believed by some people to be the cause of some of the symptoms of autism.

Glandular therapy
Another term for Cell Therapy

Glutathione
Antioxidant which is supposed to protect cells from toxins such as free radicals

GLA
Acronym for Gamma Linolenic Acid, an omega-6 fatty acid found in some plants, such as Borage and Evening Primrose

Gilliam Autism Rating Scale
Meaure designed to identify and diagnose autism in individuals and to estimate the severity of the problem.

GI
Acronym for Glycemic Index.

Giant Steps
School-based programme which offers a range of therapies

GF diet
Acronym for Gluten-Free diet

Gentle Teaching
Non-violent approach for helping people with special needs and sometimes challenging behaviours

Genotype
The particular set of genes possessed by an organism, or group of people with a disorder, which interacts with environmental factors to determine the organism's, or group of people's, phenotype.

GARS
Acronym for Gilliam Autism Rating Scale

Gastro-intestinal
refers to the stomach and other parts of the digestive system.

Gamma Linolenic Acid
Omega-6 fatty acid found in some plants, such as Borage and Evening Primrose

Gamma Aminobutyric Acid
Amino acid which acts as an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system

GABA
Acronym for gamma aminobutyric acid, an amino acid which acts as an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system

Functional Communication Training
Behavioural strategy for teaching people to use signs or other AAC techniques as substitutes for the 'messages' underlying their challenging behaviour

Functional analysis
Process of carefully observing behaviour to determine what sets off the chain of events that leads to a behaviour, such as tantrums or aggression. The goal is to eliminate the trigger so that the problem behaviour is stopped completely, not just reduced in severity.

Food supplements
Group of substances including minerals and vitamins

Fragile X Syndrome
Inherited condition in which a a defect in one gene on the X Chromosome may cause a learning disability and, sometimes, symptoms of autism.

Fluphenazine
Type of Typical Anti-psychotic

Fluvoxamine
Type of SSRI Anti-depresssant

Fluoxetine
Type of SSRI Anti-depresssant

Flexyx therapy
Form of Light therapy

Floortime
Therapy provided by the Floortime Foundation, which describes it as meeting a child at his current developmental level, and building upon his particular set of strengths.

Fit
Another term for seizure.

Fine Motor Skill
Skill relating to movement of a small part of the body. For example, the skill required to hold a pencil between the fingers and thumb.

Fenfluramine
Form of appetite reduction drug

Feuerstein technique
Another name for Mediated Learning

Feingold diet
Form of low salicylate diet

FCT
Acronym for Functional Communication Training

FDA
US Food and Drug Administration, the body which authorises use of drugs in the USA.

Fast ForWord
Set of interactive computerized language-learning programmes

Family-centred PBS programmes
Programmes which involve parents and professionals working together, in a systematic and collaborative fashion, to address a child's challenging behaviour

Faith Healing
Use of spiritual means in treating diseases and disorders

Facilitated Communication
Highly controversial intervention which aims to assist people with no speech or with dysfunctional speech to find alternative means of communication. There is strong evidence to show it is not effective.

Extrapyramidal side effects
Various movement disorders, such as tardive dyskinesia, suffered as a result of taking some antipsychotic drugs.

Etiology
Alternative spelling of aetiology, the science that deals with the causes or origin of disease, the factors which produce or predispose toward a certain disease or disorder

Essential fatty acids
Polyunsaturated fatty acids that cannot be created within the human body and must therefore be obtained from the diet.

Escitalopram
Type of Anti-depresssant

Epsom Salts
Another name for Magnesium Sulphate

Equine therapy
Therapy that involves a person with autism interacting with horses in one way or another. For example, by riding, grooming or just watching the horse.

Enzyme Therapies
Use of enzymes (proteins) that catalyse (accelerate) chemical reactions in the body

Epilepsy
Epilepsy is a brain disorder involving recurrent seizures. (Seizures are sudden changes in behaviour due to an excessive electrical activity in the brain.). More common in people with autism.

Enzymaid
Enzyme used in one form of enzyme therapy

Enzyme Potentiated Desensitization
Form of Immunotherapy treatment

Encephalitis
Inflammation (swelling) of the brain tissue. It is caused either by infection, usually viral, or by an autoimmune disease. If it is severe it can cause brain damage.

Environmental modification
The process of moditifying or designing a local environment (a room or building) to meet the needs of a specific individual.

Emotional Freedom Technique
Form of acupressure, a therapy which involves placing physical pressure on different acupuncture points on the surface of the body

Email group or list
Type of Online Community

Embryonic cell therapy
Another name for cell therapy

Electro-convulsive therapy
Also known as electroshock treatment or electroshock therapy, a treatment in which seizures are induced by passing electricity through the brain of an anaesthetised individual

EFT
Acronym for Emotional Freedom Technique

Elective Mutism
Condition in which children talk in one situation, for example, at home, but remain silent elsewhere, eg, at school.