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Corus - Construction industry glossary Category: Architecture and Buildings > Construction industry Date & country: 03/12/2007, UK Words: 319

Grout
A mixture of Portland cement and water. (Grouts are used to fill the space between the underside of a base plate and the top of a concrete foundation.)

Grip Length Bolt
A layer of parallel steel beams set on a concrete foundation in order to spread heavy concreted loads over a wide area. (Grillage beam, two tier grillage.)

Gradient
The fall or rise per unit length of land, railway, road.

Grid
A rectangular layout of straight lines used for locating points on a plan. (Grid lines for stanchion layout.)

Grade 4.6 Bolts
Bolts with a UTS of 400 N/mm2 and a yield stress which is 60% of this.

Grade 8.8 Bolts
Bolts with a UTS of 800 N/mm2 and a yield stress which is 80% of this.

Gantry Girder
Beam supporting an overhead traveling crane. (Crane beam.)

Gas Shielded Welding
An automatic or semi-automatic welding process where the arc is shielded by an inert gas. (MIG=metal inert gas, CO2=Carbon dioxide)

Galvanise
Process for coating steel sections with zinc in order to provide corrosion protection from aggressive environments. (Hot dipped, spun galvanizing.)

Gantry
A steel structure for supporting an overhead crane assembly.

Framework
Fabricated members connected together to form a structure.

Force
A vector quantity which tends to change the condition of rest of a rigid body.

Formwork
Temporary construction to constrain wet concrete until set.

Foundation
That part of the structure that transmits building loads below ground level (concrete block, pile strip foundation).

Flange Plate
Plate fastened to a plate of a H section either to from a compound section or part of a space connection.

Flat
Steel plate.

Floor
Horizontal load bearing construction spanning between supports.

Fittings
Fabricated items, angles, plates, attached to the structural members of the frame. (Cleats, end plates gusset.)

Flame Cleaning
Method of removing rust and scale from a steel surface by the application of a flame torch

Finish
Procedure or decorative material applied to steel members.

Finished Level
Final level specified for parts of the structure.

Fire Resistance
The ability of a member or frame to withstand exposure to fire up to collapse, measured against time.

Faying Surface
A common interface between parts in a high strength friction grip bolted joint.

Fillet Weld
Damage to a member caused by repeated application of stresses that are insufficient to cause failure by a single application.

Faying Surface
The contact surfaces of a HSFG bolted connection.

Falsework
Temporary framework to assist the erection of permanent structure.

Fasteners
General term for bolts, nuts and washers used in connections.

Failure
The inability of a member to carry its designated load by reason of excessive deformation or collapse.

Fall Roof
Vertical dimension per unit length across a roof to provide natural drainage.

Exposed
Unclad steel frame work, subjected to atmospheric conditions.

Factored Load
A specified load multiplied by the relevant partial factor.

End Plate
Plate welded to the end of a beam perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the beam, the width of plate parallel to the width of flange.

Erection
The placing in position and fixing of fabricated members on site to form the building framework.

Expansion
Increase in unit length per-degree of rise in temperature.

End Distance
Distance from the centre of a fastener hole to the edge of an element parallel to the direction in which the fastener bears.

Empirical Method
Simplified method of design justified by experience or testing.

Encastre
Support fixings to beams that prevent end rotations under load (built-in fixed end).

Element
Part of a cross section forming a distinct part of the whole. (Compression element, tension element outstand.).

Elastic Design
A design method that assumes that no permanent deformation remains after removal of the loads; no redistribution of moments would occur due to plastic rotation of the section.

Edge Distance
Distance from centre of fastener hole to the nearest edge of an element.

Effective Length
Distance between points of effective restraint on a member multiplied by a factor to take account of the end conditions.

Eaves
Junction of wall and roof.

Durbar Plate
Steel flooring plate, with non-slip embossments on one surface. (Chequer plate.)

Dye Penetrant Testing
A process for detecting surface cracks in welds using a penetrating dye which seeps in the cracks. When a (white) contrast liquid is applied, the dye leaches into the contrast liquid to reveal the crack.

Duct
Prefabricated sheet steel trunking to provide heating and ventilating service to building.

Double Angle
A compound structural member comprising two hot rolled angles connected together.

Down Pipe
A pipe to carry rainwater from a gutter to the drainage system below. (Half round gutter valley gutter.)

Distortion
Deformation produced by fabrication and rolling processes. (Impact, welding, lack of fit).

Dome
Hemispherical shaped roof or building (ribbed dome cupola).

Deformation
Movement. Permanent deflection, non-elastic.

Deep Penetration Weld
A weld laid down with a high heat input, which causes the molten weld metal to penetrate further than normal into the parent plate.

Deflection (Elastic)
Elastic movement of a structure or parts of a structure under applied loads. (e.g. beam deflection, frame deflection).

Deck
Floor slab comprising a steel sheet profile and concrete topping.

Decking
Steel profile used for floor construction to support wet concrete topping. The decking may function as tensile reinforcement after the concrete has cured.

Datum
Any level taken as a reference level.

Dead Load
All loads of constant magnitude and position that act permanently, including self weight.

Cupola
Dome shaped roof structure (hemispherical ribbed).

Curtailment
Stopping short of strengthening places along a main member (cut-off).

Curtain Walling
Proprietary side wall cladding system comprising light non-structural framing and glass/plastic infill panels.

Cross Centres
A standard dimension, centre to centre of fasteners in a H, I or J section flange measured normal to and about the centre line of the web.

Corrugated Sheet
Roof covering sheet sinusoidal in profile made from galvanised steel sheet.

Cover Plates
Plates placed on the outer sides of the member to form a bolted splice.

Crane Plate
Plate sealing a joint either load bearing or non-load bearing (splice plate).

Cornice
Moulded projection at top of a building. (CORNICE STONE).

Corrosion Cover
Gradual breakdown of surface of metal by electrolytic action caused by chemical attack.

Continuous Beam
Beam spanning more than one bay without a break.

Continuous Connection
A connection which carries bending moments as well as shear and axial forces.

Corefast
A construction system developed by Corus that enables building cores and other building structures to be erected quickly and accurately using Bi-Steel panels.

Connection
Two or more members fastened together by mechanical means or welding.

Construction
General term applied to buildings or site work.

Compression
Axial force tending to shorten the member.

Concrete
Structural material comprising a mixture of fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, cement and water.

Compound Beam
Beam formed by connecting two or more sections or placed together to form a single beam. (BUILT-UP).

Component
Prefabricated member forming part of a framing system.

Composite Construction
A combination of a concrete floor slab and steel beam with a mechanical bond between in order to produce a single member of enhanced strength.

Compact Section
A section which can develop the plastic moment capacity but in which local buckling prevents rotation at constant moment.

Column
A vertical member carrying axial compression load and possibly bending moment and shear.

Cold Rolled
Section produced by continuous rolling process from thin steel.

Code Of Practice
Document issued by British Standards Institution for guidance outlining current practice.

Cold Formed
Section produced by continuous rolling process from thin steel.

Cleat
Short length of angle forming part of a connection drilled for fasteners (FITTINGS)

Cladding
External weatherproof envelope to a building either loadbearing or non-loadbearing. (Brick cladding, curtain walling.)

Chord
Main member in a framed structure (top chord, bottom chord, boom).

Chs
Circular Hollow Section hot finished tube. See BS4848: Part 2.

Chequer Plate
Hot rolled flooring plate with non slip embossments on one surface.

Cement Mortar
A mixture of Portland cement, sand and water.

Centroid
Centre of area.

Channel
L shaped hot rolled or cold rolled section (Hot Rolled. channels see BS4:Part 1.)

Catwalk
See Walkway.

Cement Grout
A mixture of Portland cement and water

Casting
Steel casing shapes produced by pouring molten steel into a mould.

Casing
Material used to surround partially or completely a structural member for fire resistance or decorative purposes. (Concrete casing, spray casing, board casing.)

Castellated
Fabrication process for beam and column sections, zig zag flame cut along web, cut sections welded together to produce a section 50% deeper than the original section. (CASTELLA).

Cantilever
Beam, fixed at one end and free to deflect at the other end.

Capacity
Limit of force or moment which may be applied to a member without causing yielding or rupture.

Camber
The amount by which beams are fabricated out of true to partially counteract the effects of movement under load. (Pre-camber).

Built-In
Support fixings to beams that prevent end rotations under load (fixed and encastre).

Builtup
Compound member fabricated from hot rolled sections and plate.

Butt Weld
Fusion weld between two parts edge to edge, or edge to surface to develop full strength of parent material (see BS5950).

Buckling
Deformation of element or structure under compressive or shear loading; the deformation is usually normal to the direction of applied load.