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Corus - Construction industry glossary Category: Architecture and Buildings > Construction industry Date & country: 03/12/2007, UK Words: 319

Projection
Drawing of building or component (e.g. 3rd angle projection isometric projection)

Prop
Temporary member used to support framework or permanent members at the construction stage.

Propped Cantilever
A beam or girder that is rigidly held in position at one end and simply supported at the other.

Profile
Cross section shape. (The term is commonly used for cladding sheets and decking.)

Progressive Collapse
If, as a result of accidental loading, the failure of one member would trigger failure of the entire building or substantial parts of it then the building is subject to progressive collapse.

Pretensioned Members
A bolt assembly that is tightened to a predetermined tension in the unloaded condition (HSFG Bolt).

Pratt Truss
A roof truss with vertical struts separating the panels.

Prefabricated Members
Timbers frames or sub-assemblies that have been fabricated at works.

Pressed Steel
Thin steel plates shaped by mechanical means such as brake pressing.

Portal Frame
A single storey continuous plane frame deriving its strength from bending resistance and arch action.

Post
Secondary vertical member in a structural frame carrying light loads (e.g. gable post, sheeting post).

Pocket Base
A concrete foundation with a pocket cast in to receive a stanchion shaft which is finally grouted up to form the connection between the structure and foundation.

Plumb
Deviation from vertical in two points on a column.

Ply
Load transmitting part of a bolted connection.

Plastic Section
A cross section which can develop a plastic hinge with sufficient rotational capacity to allow redistribution of bending moments within the section.

Plate Girder
A fabricated girder made from plates comprising a web and flanges

Plated Bolts
Bolts which have been plated with zinc or cadmium to give them corrosion protection.

Plastic Hinge
Position at which a member has developed its plastic moment of resistance; any additional loading causes rotation and redistribution of stresses or final collapse.

Plastic Moment
Moment capacity allowing for redistribution of stress within a cross section.

Plastic Design
Design method assuming redistribution of moments within the structure in a continuous construction.

Plane Frame
A series of members joined together in one plane to form a framework. (Pin joined, rigid, triangulated.)

Plant
Machinery used by the contractor for working on site.

Pinned Connection
A connection which carries only shear or axial loads (i.e. not bending moments). The pin may be a simple design concept or it may be expressed visually.

Pitch Fastener
Distance between consecutive fastens on line.

Pile
A steel section driven to the ground to form part of a foundation system for a structure. (Sheet piling, a series of interlocking steel sections driven into the ground to retain material or water.)

Pillar
Vertical compression member usually constructed from masonry.

Pattern Loading
Loading arranged in such a manner as to give the most severe effect on the member.

Partition
Non-loading bearing wall within a building.

Patent Glazing
A system of fixed panes of glass supported at regular intervals by special bars fixed to a purlin or side rail system.

Parent Metal
The steel members to be joined by welding (base metal).

Packing Plate
A steel plate placed between two members at a connection to ensure a tight fit (take up tolerance).

Parasitic Bending Moment
A bending moment which arises because a frame (plane frame or space frame) deforms under load. If the width/depth of the members of the frame is greater than about 1/20 of their length the deformations can cause significant bending effects in the members of a frame which the designers conceived as being axially loaded. The bending effects are usually unwelcome because they do not carry loads in an efficient way.

Overhead Crane
Traveling crane mounted on crane beams supported above ground by a structural framework or gantry structure.

Overturning
The result of the action of applied forces, tending to produce a rotation about a point on the base.

Open Web Girder
Triangulated girder similar to an N or warren girder.

Outstand
The distance from the centre line of web or back of angle to the edge of the unstiffened flange or leg.

Nut
Hexagonal part of a fastener assembly which has been drilled and tapped to screw on to the shank of the fastener.

Open Tread Stair Tread
A standard staircase thread manufactured from a form of expanded metal or welded wide mesh. (Open mesh walkway.)

North Light Roof Truss
Asymmetrical pitched roof truss, with glazing on the steeper slope.

Notch
A fabrication process to cut away a small section of one member to ensure a connection to be made to another member of the same size or to maintain level flanges.

Netural Axis (Elastic)
An axis passing through the centroid of the section normal to the plane of bending.

Multi-Storey
A building having more than one storey.

Net Area
The net area of a section is the gross area less deductions for holes.

Moment Of Resistance
The capacity of a section to resist applied bending moment.

Monorail
A track hung from the underside of a roof, usually an I section along which a lifting appliance travels (Run way beam).

Moment Of A Force
The force times the distance.

Moment Of Inertia
The second moment of area of a section about the elastic neutral axis.

Modulus (Plastic)
The Plastic Modulus is obtained as the first moment of area of a section about the plastic neutral axis (equal area axis).

Moment (Bending)
See Bending Moment

Member
Any individual component of a structural frame.

Modulus (Elastic)
The Elastic Modulus is a geometric property and is given by the first moment of area of a section about the elastic neutral axis.

Masonry
Blocks of stone or bricks forming load bearing walls or cladding features to a building.

Mass Production
Assembly line fabrication of frame or sub-frame component to form a perpendicular type of building frame.

Material Factor
A factor to take account of the variability of materials strength from limit state design. Material factor times yield strength gives design strength (See BS5950: Part1)

Mansard Roof
A flat roof having sloping edges to eaves level.

Manual Metal Arc Welding (Mma)
Welding using a hand held stick electrode.

Machined End
End of section that has been prepared to transmit its load by bearing. (BS5950:Part 2).

Magnetic Particle Weld Testing
A process for detecting surface cracks in welds using magnetic particles suspended in a fluid. A magnetising current is passed through the steel and the particles line up at any cracks.

Longitudinal Axis
Axis along the length of the member passing through the centroid.

Lug Angle
Short length of angle fastened to the end of the member and its connection to distribute the member force to the connection.

Load
See imposed load. See BS6399.

Load Bearing Wall
A wall supporting applied loads in addition to its own weight.

Lintel Live
Steel beam spanning door or window openings.

Lean-To
Small extension added to a building and partially supported by the building

Level
See Datum

Limit States
The state at which a structure would become unfit its intended use is termed Serviceability Limit State and is checked using unfactored loads. The state which if exceeded can cause collapse of part or whole of the structure using factored loads is termed Ultimate Limit State (see BS5950 Part 1).

Layer
Members in a perpendicular plane (double layer space frame).

Layout
Plan of structural framing (e.g. floor layout, stanchion layout).

Lattice Frame
A triangulated structural frame fabricated from structural sections (also, lattice girder, lattice rafter).

Laced Stanchion
A compound section comprising of two main components connected together by a system of triangulated lacing bars. See BS5950: Part 1.

Lateral Restraint
Beam restraint that prevents lateral movement of the compression flange. Compression member restraint that prevents lateral movement or twisting of the member.

Joist
A particular form of I Section.

Key Element
A structural member whose removal would cause more than limited collapse of the building.

Knee
Portal frame haunch connection, between the stanchion and rafter.

Jib
Lifting arm of a crane.

Joint
Intersection of framing members at a point. (Bolted joint, fixed joint, welded joint.)

Instability
Inability to carry further load due to loss of stiffness (Instability is largely independent of strength.)

Insulation
Material with low thermal conductivity used to reduce the temperature difference between the internal and external environment.

Infill Panel
Non load bearing section of cladding built between load bearing columns.

Industrial Building
A building specifically built to house an industrial process or for storage (e.g. factory buildings, warehouse).

Inertia
Inability of the structure to move of itself. (The second moment of area of section about the elastic neutral axis is sometimes referred to as moment of inertia.)

Indeterminate Structure
A structural frame or member that cannot be analysed by statics (e.g. continuous beam, portal frame rigid frame).

Impact
Dynamic loads, (other than wind loads) imparted to the structure by shock or collision.

Impact
Dynamic loads, (other than wind loads) imparted in the structure by shock or collision.

Imposed Load
Externally applied load on a structure or member, (other than wind load), produced by the external environment and/or intended occupancy or use. (See BS6399.)

Hydrogen Cracking
A serious weld defect caused by excess hydrogen in the weld metal. Cracking occurs some hours after the weld has cooled, and therefore weld testing is always carried out some time after a weld has been placed.

Hsfg Bolts
A bolt which is carefully tightened so as to clamp the mating surfaces.

Hybrid
A fabricated section composed of elements of more than one grade of steel.

Hot Rolled Section
A structural shape (universal beam, universal column, channel, angle etc.) made by hot-rolling process.

Horizontal Load
An applied load acting at right angles to a gravity load. (Crane surge, side wind.)

Hot Dip Galvanising
Method of coating steel members by dipping in a bath of molten zinc.

Hogging Moment
Bending moment causing upward deflection in a beam.

Hoist
Mechanical lifting device.

Holding Down Bolts (Hd Bolts)
Bolts connecting a stanchion base to a concrete foundation for anchorage.

Heat Affected Zone (Haz)
Part of parent metal which is metallurgically affected by welding but not melted. (Weld zone, fusion zone.)

Hip Roof
Junction of two roof slopes whose eaves are perpendicular.

Hogging
Vertical deflection of a beam above the datum level.

Haunch Rafter
A tapered increase in depth of a rafter near the ends in order to increase the section properties.

Haz
See Heat Affected Zone.

Gusset
Fabricated plates used to make joints between members forming a truss or lattice frame. (Bolted gusset, welded gusset.)