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Corus - Construction industry glossary Category: Architecture and Buildings > Construction industry Date & country: 03/12/2007, UK Words: 319

Y-Y Axis
The vertical axis through the centroid of a cross section.

I Section
Section with central web, two equal parallel flanges perpendicular and the overall depth exceeds 1.2 times the width of the flange.

X-X Axis
The horizontal axis passing through the centroid of a cross section (note the axis convention alters with EBN1993).

Zinc Coating
See Galvanising.

H Section
H shaped hot rolled section having one central web, two equal parallel flanges perpendicular to the web, and the overall depth does not exceed 1.2 times the width of the flange. (See BS4: Part 1 Universal beam universal column, joist.)

Yield Stress
The tensile stress beyond which the steel behaves in a non elastic manner.

Young'S Modulus
The ratio of stress to strain within the linear elastic range.

Web
Central section of a H, I or J section, central vertical plate of a plate girder.

Wind Load
The force on a structure due to wind pressure effects. (See British Standard CP3 Chapter 5.)

Warren Girder
A parallel chord triangulated frame with diagonal internal members.

Washer
A flat steel ring placed under a bolt head or nut to distribute pressure and avoid damage on tightening the connection.

Vierendeel Frame
A rectangular framed girder with parallel top and bottom chords divided into panels by verticals with fixed joints.

Walkway
A narrow footway supported by the main structure to provide access to a maintenance platform.

Vector Quantity
A quantity that has both magnitude and direction.

Vibration
A series of oscillations of a member or structure initiated by impact of a load on the member.

Ultrasonic Weld Testing
A process using ultrasound to detect flaws within the body of a weld.

Underpin
To provide a new support under an existing structure without removal of the super structure.

Universal Section
A range of hot rolled sections of I and H section with parallel flanges.

Ultimate Limit State
See Limit State.

Ultimate Stress
The stress at which fracture in steel occurs. (This is not a metallurgist's definition.)

Torque Wrench
A wrench calibrated to tighten a nut to a specified torque before slipping.

Truss
A plane triangulated frame commonly used to support a roof structure.

Tube Chs
Hot rolled hollow circular section with welded seam.

Tension Structure
A structural framework with principal support system comprising of tension members.

Tie
Tension member.

Torque
Moment causing twisting of the cross section.

Temperature Effects
Changes of geometry and state of stress in a member induced by differences of ambient temperature.

Tension
An axial force, which when applied to a member tends to increase its length.

Tension Field Action
The ability of a web to carry additional shear loads in the post buckling range.

Sway
Sideways movement induced in a structural frame by an applied system of forces.

Tee, Hot Rolled
Structural shape comprising a horizontal member (table) and a central vertical web (stalk, stem) which may be formed by cutting along the longitudinal axis of I or H Section.

Suspended Span Beam
A beam spanning between two other beams.

Surface Preparation
Process of cleaning steelwork to a suitable standard prior to the applications of a first protective coating.

Superimposed Load
Any applied load other than dead load.

Surefast
A construction system developed by Corus that comprises Bi-Steel panels connected by a unique 'slot and lock' system enabling the rapid erection of building structures.

Submerged Arc Welding
An automatic or semi-automatic welding process where the arc is covered in flux (usually granular).

Strut
A member carrying predominantly compressive loads.

Structural Hollow Section (Shs)
General term applied to hot rolled circular rectangular and square structural sections.

Stress Intensity
Force per unit area on cross section.

Strip
Narrow thin sheet steel produced by a continuous rolling process.

Structural Casing
Reinforced concrete casing to a structural steel member to enhance its load carrying capacity (See BS5950: Part 1.)

Stiffener
A component fitted to a main member to strengthen it locally against buckling or crushing, or designed to transmit load and prevent local instability at flange web junction of a beam or column.

Strength
Resistance to failure by yielding or buckling.

Standard
See British Standard.

Static Load
A non-cyclic load that produces no dynamic effect.

Stay
A light structural member between two other members providing positional restraint.

Stability
Resistance of the structure or part of the structure to overturning or overall failure.

Stanchion
See column.

Space Frame
A three dimensional structure.

Spandrel Beam
Edge beam.

Specification
A comprehensive written description of a structure, which details all aspects including, materials, equipment, plant structure, quantities, finishes and workmanship.

Slip Resistance
The limit of shear that can be applied before slip occurs in a friction grip connection.

Snow Load
Imposed load due to snow fall. (An allowance for maintenance is set out in BS6399.)

Slender Section
A section which can not be loaded to cause yield at the extreme fibres because of premature buckling.

Slenderness Ratio
The effective length of a member divided by the appropriate radius of gyration.

Sliding Connection
Usually applied to a beam connection which allows the beam to slide along its axis, while still being supported vertically.

Slab Base
A square or rectangular base plate for the spread of axial load over an area of concrete at a safe working pressure.

Shrinkage Due To Weld
The amount by which a welded joint or member reduces in length on cooling.

Simply Supported Beam
A single beam with ends free to rotate at the supports.

Shop Welded
A welded connection completed in a fabricator's works.

Shouldered Bolt
A bolt which has the thread diameter several millimetres less than the shank diameter. In this way a shoulder is formed where the bolt shank has been machined down to receive the smaller diameter thread.

Shop Bolted
A bolted connection completed in a fabricator's works.

Shims
Steel plate used to take up tolerance, usually referring to column base plates or bearings.

Sheet Steel
Thin steel plate produced by a continuous rolling process.

Sheradised Bolts
Bolts protected against corrosion by applying a fine layer of zinc. Painting is subsequently required for exposed steel.

Shed
Single storey pitched roof building normally used for industrial or warehouse.

Sheet Pile
An interlocking pile driven side by side to form a wall to retain water or restrain strata.

Shape
Profile of a section.

Shear Force
An internal force acting normal to the longitudinal axis, and is given by the algebraic sum of all forces to one side of the section chosen.

Shaft
Large vertical duct used for housing services or lifts.

Serviceability
The limit state which when exceed can lead to the structure being unfit for its intended use.

Semi Compact Section
A cross section in which the stress at the extreme fibres should be limited to yield as local buckling would prevent the development of full plastic moment capacity in the section.

Semi-Rigid Design
A design in which some degree of connection stiffness structure being unfit for its intended use.

Sealing Plate
A plate used to seal a hollow section to prevent water and air entering.

Section Modulus
See Modulus (for Elastic Modulus and Plastic Modulus).

Screw
Round base with a forged head, the shank being threaded to its full length.

Sag
Vertical deflection of a beam below the datum level.

Sagging Moment
An applied bending moment causing a sagging deflection in the beam.

Scaffolding
Temporary framework providing access and working platforms for construction purposes.

Roof
The cladding envelope and structure above eaves level of a building.

Root Run
The first layer of a weld.

Rsj
Rolled steel joist

Rolling Sections
Mechanical process for producing finished shapes by passing steel billets through a system of rolls.

Rigid Frame
An indeterminate plane frame consisting of members with fixed end connections.

Rise
Increase in height per unit length of a roof.

Rod
A length of solid round steel of small diameter.

Ridge Roof
Junction of roof slopes at the apex of a pitched roof.

Restraint
Lateral restraint of a beam is that which prevents the lateral movement of the compression flange of a beam. Torsional restraint is that which prevents rotations of a section about its longitudinal axis. Lateral restraint of a column is that which prevents movement of the compression member in a particular plane.

Reinforcement
Crane rail is the track for running a traveling crane. Steel bars or welded mesh placed to reinforce concrete.

Residual Stress
Stresses that are generated and exist in a section due to a manufacturing process.

Resistance
The capacity of members to resist an action. (See also, Moment of Resistance.)

Reaming
A type of drilling process by which a hole is made larger.

Rafter
Structural member forming the slop of a pitched roof. (Portal frame rafter, truss rafter.)

Rail
Cladding rail is a secondary member forming part of the side wall framing supporting the vertical cladding.

Radiographic Weld Testing
A photograph of the interior of the weld is used to detect flaws, using X-rays or radioactive isotopes.

Radius Of Gyration
Geometrical property of cross section, (given by the square root of the second moment of area divided by the area of the section).

Purlin
A secondary member in the plane of the roof and held in position by main roof members.

Quality
Grade of sub-grade of structural steel. (See BS4360 for hot rolled sections.)

Quality Assurance
Process by which all functions, workmanship and materials are monitored to ensure a particular standard is maintained. (See BS5750.)

Protection Of Steelwork
A steelwork coating system or preventing deterioration of the environment. (See BS5493.)