Sporopollenin is a major component of the tough outer (exine) walls of plant spores and pollen grains. It is chemically very stable and is usually well preserved in soils and sediments. The exine layer is often intricately sculptured in species-specific patterns (see image at right), allowing material recovered from (for example) lake sediments to...
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sporopollenin
(from the article `angiosperm`) ...two layers, the intine and the exine. The intine, or inner layer, consists primarily of cellulose and pectins. The exine, or outer layer, is ...
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http://www.britannica.com/eb/a-z/s/144
<protein> Polymer of carotenoids, found in the exine of the pollen wall. Extremely resistant to chemical or enzymic degradation. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
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http://www.encyclo.co.uk/local/20973
Polymer of carotenoids, found in the exine of the pollen wall. Extremely resistant to chemical or enzymic degradation.
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http://www.encyclo.co.uk/visitor-contributions.php
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