
Pictorialism is the name given to an international style and aesthetic movement that dominated photography during the later 19th and early 20th centuries. There is no standard definition of the term, but in general it refers to a style in which the photographer has somehow manipulated what would otherwise be a straightforward photograph as a means...
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pictorialism

an approach to photography that emphasizes beauty of subject matter, tonality, and composition rather than the documentation of reality.[2 related articles]
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http://www.britannica.com/eb/a-z/p/65
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