The philosophes (French for philosophers) were the intellectuals of the 18th century Enlightenment. Few were primarily philosophers; rather, philosophes were public intellectuals who applied reason to the study of many areas of learning, including philosophy, history, science, politics, economics and social issues. They had a critical eye and look...
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophes
The leading intellectuals of pre-revolutionary 18th-century France, including Condorcet, Diderot, J J Rousseau, and Voltaire. Their role in furthering the principles of the Enlightenment and...
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http://www.encyclo.co.uk/local/20688
French 18th century philosophers, e.g. Condorcet, Condillac, Rousseau, Voltaire (q.v.).
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https://www.encyclo.co.uk/local/21203
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