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Gardening with Confidence - gardening advice Category: Agriculture and Industry > Gardening terms Date & country: 23/06/2018, USA Words: 472

Habit
Refers to how a mature plant carries itself.

Herbivore
An animal that feeds on plants.

Hermaphrodite
One plant having both male and female organs; the breeding of hermaphrodites is hard to control

Heirloom Plant
An heirloom plant, fruit, variety, or vegetable is an old cultivar that is still maintained by gardeners and farmers particularly in isolated or small farming communities. These may have been commonly grown during earlier periods in human history, but are not typically used in modern large-scale agriculture.

Herb
Traditional references to an herb are any plant used as a medicine, seasoning, or fragrance.

Herbaceous
Herbaceous perennials are those plants with soft tissues as opposed to woody stems. These plants also die back to the ground during cold winter months.

Heeling In
In the fall if you are not ready to plant recently purchased potted plants or bare-root trees, shrubs, and perennials you can heel them into a trench to winter-over. The word heeling in is derived from the word ‘helan’ which is kin to the word ‘hell” meaning to cover up. So heeling in for the winter is to cover up plants to protect them until the following spring.

Heeling in
When you take a potted, bare-root, or balled-and-burlapped plant and cover the roots with soil and mulch. This is a temporary measure to protect the roots from cold and drought.

Heaving
Frost heaving or just heaving, is an upwards swelling of soil during freezing conditions caused by an increasing presence of ice swelling towards the surface, often taking plants with it.

Heading back
Pruning by removing the end of a limb.

Healing Garden
A healing garden is an outdoor therapeutic space designed to meet the healing needs of the people using the garden as well as their caregivers, family members and friends.

Hip
A hip, as in rose hip, is the fruit of the rose plant.

Horticulture
The art or practice of garden cultivation and management.

Host
A host is a plant upon which an organism, such as an insect subsists. For example, the common milkweed is the host plant for the Monarch butterfly.

Honey Flow
Also known as nectar flow, honey flow is a term used by beekeepers indicating that one or more major nectar sources are in bloom and the weather is favorable for bees to fly and collect the nectar in abundance.

Honeydew
A sticky honey like substance secreted into foliage by aphids, scale and mealy bugs.

Horizontal
Parallel to the horizon, ground or floor.

Hormone
Chemical substance that controls the growth and development of a plant. Root-inducing hormones help cuttings root.

Humidity
(Relative) Ratio between the amount of moisture in the air and the greatest amount of moisture the air could hold at the same temperature.

Humus
Dark, fertile partially decomposed plant or animal matter. Humus forms the organic portion of the soil.

Hygrometer
Instrument for measuring relative humidity in the atmosphere

Hydrogen
Light or colorless, odorless gas; hydrogen combines with oxygen to form water.

Hydrophobic
lacking affinity for water; tending to repel or not to absorb water. Water very dry soil slowly with the nozzle moving side to side so the soil has a chance to hydrate, thus absorb.

Hybrid
An offspring from two plants of different breeds, variety or genetic makeup.

Hydrated Lime
Instantly soluble lime, used to raise pH or sweeten soil.

IMG_0273Night-blooming Garden
A night-blooming garden is one that is creating to be appreciated in the evening, after working all day. This can be with white (and light colored) flowers, and those that scent is more pronounced in the evening like an flowering tobacco.

Invasive
An invasive species is a plant that is not native to a specific location (an Introduced species); and has a tendency to escape cultivation.

Internode
A part of a plant stem between two of the nodes from which leaves emerging

Introduced
An introduced, alien, exotic, non-indigenous, or non-native species, or simply an introduction, is a species living outside its native distributional range, which has arrived there by human activity, either deliberate or accidental.

Inflorescence
This is the arrangement of blossoms on a stem and can refer to flowers growing in clusters or individually. An example is a cluster of lantana blooms.

Integrated Pest Management
IPM. IPM or Integrated Pest Management is the science and practice of monitoring and managing pests and their predators at acceptable levels of damage.

Inbred
Inbred is a true breed offspring of plants ofthe same breed or ancestry.

Indeterminate
Referring to tomatoes where growth of the plant is isn’t limited.

Inert
Chemically non reactive; inert growing mediums make it easy to control the chemistry of the nutrient solution.

JC Raulson Arboretum
JC Raulston Arboretum

Lath HouseLath House
Structure used to protect plants from the weather and to get them adjusted to the weather before planting them out in the garden.

Layering
The method or activity of propagating a plant by producing layers.

Larva
the active immature form of an insect, especially one that differs greatly from the adult and forms the stage between egg and pupa, e.g., a caterpillar or grub.

Lateral Bud
Aanother term for axillary bud. See above.

Lacewing
Beneficial insects that preys on aphids.

Leggy
Abnormally tall internode space, with sparse foliage. Leggyness of a plant is usually caused by lack of blue light or CO2 too much nitrogen can also cause this.

Lean soil
Soil low in humus or rich organic matter, such as clay or sand, are considered lean.

Leaves
The external part of a plant attached to branches and stems for the purpose of taking in light from the sun s energy, they do this with chloroplasts in the cells which contain chlorophyll.

Leaflet
Small immature leaf. One of the expended, first-order devisions of a compound leaf.

Leaf-out
When trees are putting out new leaf buds in the spring, it’s referred to as leaf-out.

Leaf Scorch
Leaf scorch, also called leaf burn, leaf wilt, and sun scorch, is defined as a browning of plant tissues, including leaf margins and tips, and yellowing or darkening of veins which may lead to eventual wilting and abscission of the leaf.

Leach
Dissolve or wash out soluble components of soil by heavy watering.

Leader
The growing apex or main shoot of a shrub or tree.

Leaf curl
Leaf malformation due to over-watering over fertilization lack of magnesium, insect or fungus o or negative tropism.

Leaf Pattern or Attachment
The pattern by which leaves are attached to a stem or twig. There are two large groups, alternate and opposite patterns, and a third less common pattern, whorled.

Life Cycle
A series of growth stages through which a plant must pass in its natural lifetime; the stages for an annual plant are seed, seedling, vegetative and floral.

Lime
Used in the form of dolomite or hydrated lime to raise and stabilize soil ph.

Litmus Paper
Chemically sensitive paper used for testing ph.

Loam
Organic soil mixture of crumbly clay, silt and sand.

Margin
The area along the leaf blade.

Mature
Fully grown.

Macronutrient
One or all of the primary nutrients N-P-K or the secondary nutrients magnesium and calcium.

Marcescent
Many oaks (Quercus spp.) have marcescent leaves. I have one and at first thought it was a disadvantage because I’m raking leaves in the spring. But then I learned to appreciate the sound of the leaves shimmering in the breeze. Marcescent is when foliage writers but is retained on the plant stem, holding on to their dried leaves until spring.

Meristem
Tip of plants growth.

Micronutrient
Also referred to as trace elements, include S, Fe, Mn, B, Mo, Zn, and Cu.

Microclimate
The climate of a very small or restricted area, especially when this differs from the climate of the surrounding area.

Moisture Meter
An electronic device that measures the exact moisture content of soil at any given point.

Mole
A mole is a carnivorous underground Insectivora (not a rodent) that will eat worms, grubs, and adult insects.

Monoecious
A plant having both the male and female reproductive organs in the same individual; hermaphrodite.

Mound
A growth habit with a tight, half-circle form.

Mound Layering
A method of propagation in which various woody-stemmed plants (as currants, gooseberries, quinces) are cut back to the ground in early spring and the new shoots that they develop are covered with soil to a depth of six to eight inches to induce root growth which forms individual plants that can be removed in the fall. Also called stool layering.

Mulch volcanoVolcano Mulching
Volcano mulching is an improper mulching technique where mulch is piled high against the trunk of a tree.

Mulch
Mulch is a material laid on the ground around plants to retain soil moisture, moderate soil temperature, insulate the roots during the winter, reduce erosion, and suppress weed growth. Organic mulches include bark (pine, hardwood, etc.,) wood chips, straw, composted leaves, and newspaper. Inorganic mulches include gravel or stone.

Mycorrhiza
A symbiotic association of the mycelium of a fungus, especially a basidiomycete, with the roots of certain plants, in which the hyphae form a closely woven mass around the rootlets or penetrate the cells of the root.

Native Plants
Native plant is a term used to describe plants endemic (indigenous) to a given area in geologic time. This includes plants that have developed, occur naturally, or existed for many years in an area.

Naturalized
An establish plant that it lives wild in a region where it is not indigenous.

Necrosis
The death of most or all of the cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury, or failure of the blood supply

Nectar
Nectar is a sweet liquid in many flowers that serves as food for a variety of wildlife, including bees, butterflies, and hummingbirds.

Nectar Flow
Also known as honey flow, nectar flow is a term used by beekeepers indicating that one or more major nectar sources are in bloom and the weather is favorable for bees to fly and collect the nectar in abundance.

Neutral
Neutral soil has a pH of 7.

Nematode
A worm of the large phylum Nematoda, such as a roundworm or threadworm.

Nemophilist
One who loves the forest and its beauty and solitude.

Nitrogen
The chemical element of atomic number 7, a colorless, odorless unreactive gas that forms about 78 percent of the earth’s atmosphere. Liquid nitrogen (made by distilling liquid air) boils at 77.4 kelvins (-195.8°C) and is used as a coolant.

Nidus
A place or point in an organism where a germ or other organism can develop or breed.

Nocturnal
Active at night.

Node
The part of a plant stem from which one or more leaves emerge, often forming a slight swelling or knob.

Nursery
A nursery is a place where plants are propagated and grown to usable size.

Nutrients
A substance that provides nourishment essential for growth and the maintenance of life.

Nyctophile
A person who loves night, darkness.

Opposite
An arrangement of leaves or buds on a stem in which the leaves emerge from the stem in opposing pair.

Open Pollinated
Open pollination is pollination by insects, birds, wind, or other natural mechanisms, and contrasts with cleistogamy, closed pollination, which is one of the many types of self pollination

Organic Matter
Organic materials are those originating from a living organism. Organic has also become the common term to refer to a method of gardening in which no chemical fertilizers or pesticides are used.

Ornamental
Ornamental plants are plants that are grown for decorative purposes in gardens and landscape design projects, as houseplants, for cut flowers and specimen display. The cultivation of these, called floriculture, forms a major branch of horticulture.

Organic
Made of, or derived from or related to living organisms. In agriculture organic means natural. in chemistry organic means a molecule or substance that contains carbon.

Overwinter
To keep plants alive through the winter.

Overseed
To seed an existing stand with another type of plant, such as overseeding the Bermuda grass with ryegrass.

Ovary
The enlarged basal portion of the pistil where ovules are produced.

Oxygen
Tasteless, colorless element, necessary in soil to sustain plant life as well as animal life.

Patio
A patio is an outdoor space generally used for dining or recreation that adjoins a residence, and is typically paved.

Parasite
Organism that lives on or in another host organism; fungus is a parasite.

Petiole
The stalk that joins a leaf to a stem; leafstalk.

Petrichor
The smell of earth after rain.

Pesticide
A substance used for destroying insects or other organisms harmful to cultivated plants or to animals. Not used in Helen’s Haven.

Petal
The parts of a flower that are often conspicuously colored.

Pest Resistant
Pests (weeds, insects, mites, diseases, etc.) that become resistant to a pesticide will not be affected by the pesticide. When pests are resistant, it is more difficult to control the pest.