Copy of `Daneke Club Lambs - Lambing terms`

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Daneke Club Lambs - Lambing terms Category: Agriculture and Industry > Sheep and lambs Date & country: 27/01/2014, USA Words: 315

o-t-c (over the counter)
Products that do not require a veterinary prescription to purchase.

e. coli scours
disease that effects lambs in first 5-7 days of life causing watery, yellow diarrhea, dehydration and rapid death.

zoonosis or zoonotic
Any animal disease that can be spread to humans.

yearling
A male or female sheep between 1 and 2 years of age.

wet ewe
A ewe that is nursing a lamb.

wether
A male sheep that as been castrated at an early age.

white muscle disease
a disease caused by a deficiency of selenium, Vitamin E or both that causes degeneration of skeletal and cardiac muscles of lambs.

wool blind
A term applied when the wool around the eyes has excessive growth and interferes with the sight of the sheep.

weaner
An animal that has been weaned from its mother or has stopped suckling its mother (usually 5 to 7 months old).

western white-face
A term used to describe the typical ewe utilized on large commercial range sheep operations in the United States. Historically they are comprised predominately of the Rambouillet breed, with Columbia or Targhee genetics in their makeup.

virulence
The ability that a microorganism has to cause an infection or disease. Microorganisms which have the ability to cause more severe disease are said to be highly virulent.

wasty
a:) Too much fat on a carcass; b:) An animal that has a paunchy middle.

wean
To separate nursing offspring from their dams so that they no longer receive milk.

ventricle
A chamber of the heart that pumps blood to the lungs and the rest of the body. A sheep or goat's heart has two ventricles, left and right.

vein
Blood vessels in the body that carry blood towards the heart.

vaginal prolapse
protrusion of the vagina in ewes in late pregnancy.

uroliths or urolithiasis
Describing a variety of stones that are found in the urinary system. These include kidney and bladder stones.

urinary calculi
metabolic disease of male lambs characterized by the formation of stones within the urinary tract. It is caused primarily by an imbalance of dietary calcium and phosphorus.

urethroscopy
An examination of the urethra using an endoscope.

under shot or bull dog mouth
The lower jaw is longer than the upper jaw, and the teeth extend forward past the dental pad on upper jaw.

two-tooth or yearling
A sheep of either sex from about 1 year to 1

tucked-up
hunchbacked and empty bellied.

trocar
An instrument used in an emergency to relieve the gas from a distended rumen.

transtracheal wash
When fluid from the lungs is collected and then evaluated.

transfaunation
When rumen juices and flora from a healthy animal are placed in an animal where normal rumen function has been compromised.

trachea
Windpipe leading from the throat to the lungs.

trace minerals(tm)
minerals that are required in very small amounts.

total digestible nutrients (tdn)
A measure of energy in a feed or of how much energy an animal requires.

toxaemia
generalized poisoning, due to soluble (usually bacterial) toxins entering bloodstream.

toxin
any poisonous substance of biological origin.

titer(s)
The immune system's response to a particular disease. The higher the titer number, the stronger the immune response. Titers are used to determine if an animal has been exposed to a specific virus or bacteria. If the titer numbers are near zero, the animal has not been exposed to that organism recently

teaser
An aproned or vasectomized animal used to indicate which females are in estrus.

sweating out
The process of placing a group of sheep in an enclosed area and letting the body heat generated cause the wool grease to heat. This helps to reduce second-cuts.

systole
Part of the normal beating of the heart where blood is pushed from the ventricles of the heart. This is known as the contraction phase of the heartbeat.

tagging
Trimming or shearing the wool away from the tail or dock area.

tapeworms
long, ribbon-like segmented flatworms that can inhabit the gastro-intestinal tract of animals.

substance
Amount of bone.

stocking rate (per acre)
The number of animals that can be pastured on one acre, or the number of acres required to pasture one animal.

structural correctness
Free from any conformational abnormalities.

stylish
Attractive, possessing a pleasing conformation or way of movement.

subcutaneous (sq) injections
Are accomplished by inserting the needle just under the skin and not into the muscle. This is important because SQ injectables are designed for a slower rate of absorption or are highly irritating to muscle tissue

soundness
a:) If there are no weak spots in the wool: b:) When an animal is free from disease and lacks structural defects that affect its usefulness.

soremouth
a highly contagious (also to humans), viral infection that causes scabs around mouth, nostrils, eyes and may effect udders of lactating ewes.

shorn
A sheep that has had its fleece removed by shearing.

sickle-hocked
A hock that has too small of an angle made by the leg above and below the hock, as viewed from the side.

sire
Male parent.

skin tent
When the skin of an animal is gently pinched and pulled outward. A dehydrated animal's skin will not rapidly return to its normal position or shape.

smooth-mouth
An animal that has lost all of its permanent incisors, usually 7 or more years of age.

second cross
Progeny resulting from the mating of true half-breeds and a distinct breed.

septicaemia
serious infection in which the bloodstream is invaded by large numbers of causal bacteria which multiply there.

shearing
Removing the wool from a sheep.

shearling
male, female or castrated sheep from first to second shearing.

shepherd
A person who cares for sheep.

sc or sq
See subcutaneous.

scale
Size.

scours
diarrhea

scrotum
The purse or bag containing the testicles of a male animal.

scrub
A sheep whose ancestry is so mixed it does not resemble any particular breed or cross.

scurs
A rudimentary horn. A small rounded portion of horn tissue attached to the skin of the horn pit of a polled animal.

rumenocentesis (rumen tap)
When rumen contents are collected by inserting a needle into the rumen.

ruminant
Animals that have a four-compartment stomach (rumen or paunch, reticulum or honeycomb, omasum or manyplies, and abomasum or true stomach).

rumination
the process of regurgitating food to be rechewed.

rump
The area between the hip bones and the tail head.

rugged
Big, strong.

rumen
-the large first compartment of a ruminant's stomach containing microbial population that is capable of breaking down forages and roughages.

rectal prolapse
When a portion of the rectum protrudes past the anus.

recessive gene
A gene that is expressed when present in only its homozygous form.

ration
Total feed given an animal during a 24 hour period.

rangy
A very long body, opposite of compact.

rambouillet
A large bodied Merino sheep developed under French Government care from animals imported from Spain in 1786. Hardy sheep yielding good mutton and fine quality wool.

ram
A male sheep of any age. Sometimes a ram may be called a buck.

raddle
paint or crayon applied to a ram's chest to mark females he mates.

puberty
When an animal becomes sexually mature.

purebred
An individual sheep whose parents are of the same breed. This animal could be eligible for registration by a breed association.

purulent
A term describing pus-like discharge or infection.

quarantine
To confine and keep an animal from contacting other animals or people. This is essential to stop the spread of infectious diseases that are potentially transmissible to other animals or humans.

prolapse
An interior organ pushing outside of the body.

protein
A nutrient category of feed used for growth, milk, and repair of body tissue.

protein supplement
A feed that contains a high density of protein and is used to supply additional protein in the ration.

proximal
A structure that is nearer the main body. For example, the three bones in the foot are designated by the terms proximal, middle, and distal depending on their location relative to the main body.

prognosis
The chances of an animal having a normal quality of life following a disease or problem. This is reported using the words poor, fair, good, or excellent.

primal cuts
Also called wholesale cuts. The original cuts resulting from the first division of the fore and hindsaddle of lamb or mutton.

progeny
Offspring.

prepartum
Occurring before birth.

ppm
Parts per million.

postpartum
Occurring after birth.

polled
Naturally hornless.

placentitis
Abnormal inflammation of the placenta, usually due to infectious disease.

ph
How much acid or how much base is in a sample. The lower the pH of a substance, the more acidic the sample. Conversely, the higher the pH, the more basic the sample. Normal rumen pH should be around 6-7, depending on the ration being fed.

phenotype
The phenotype of an animal is the composite of all its tangible features. The phenotype includes an animal's external appearance, measures of its productivity, and its physiological characteristics.

photoperiod
Length of day (or length of period artificial light is provided). Also expressed as a ratio of daylight to darkness.

paternal
Pertaining to the father or sire

pathology
The study of tissues for signs of disease.

pelt
the skin of a sheep including the wool.

pencil shrink
A percentage adjustment in lamb live weight, generally between 2 and 4 percent, which is subtracted to insure that responsibility for weight loss during transport are shared by the buyer and seller.

peritonitis
nflammation of the internal surface of the abdomen. This condition is often the result of infections and certain diseases.

passive transfer
Acquiring protection against infectious disease from another animal. This commonly occurs when a newborn consumes antibody-rich colostrum from its mother. Failure to have sufficient passive transfer increases the risk of disease.

over shot or parrot mouth
When the lower jaw is shorter than the upper jaw and the teeth hit in back of the dental pad.

ovine
Pertaining to sheep.

palatable or palatability
The taste and texture of forage. A forage that is highly palatable has a pleasant taste and texture.