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Trail End - Historical sites Category: Architecture and Buildings Date & country: 26/09/2013, UK Words: 152

Aedicule
A pedimented entablature with columns used to frame a window or niche

Arcade
Series of round arches supported by columns or posts

Architrave
The lowest part of a classical entablature running from column to column

Ashlar
Squared building stone laid in parallel courses

Astragal
Molding with a semicircular profile

Astylar
Facade without columns or pilasters

Balconet
False balcony outside a window

Baluster
The post supporting a handrail

Balustrade
Railing at a stairway, porch or roof

Bargeboard
Decorative boards located at the end of a gable

Bas Relief
Shallow carving of figures and landscapes

Battered Wall
Wall leaning inward from its base rather than outward

Belt Course
Narrow horizontal band projecting from exterior walls, usually defining interior floor levels

Belvedere
Projection from top of roof; also called cupola

Bracket
Supporting element under a cornice

Broken Pediment
Pediment with cornices ending before they meet at the top; finial often placed in the center

Bulkhead
Horizontal or inclined door over exterior stairway to cellar

Cames
The lead portions of stained glass windows

Campanile
A tower

Cantilever
Projecting overhang

Capital
The top part of a pilaster or column

Cartouche
Ornamental panel; oval or scroll-shaped

Casement Window
Window hinged on the side that opens like a door

Clapboard
Long thin overlapping wooden boards placed horizontally on the outside of a building

Colonet
Small decorative column

Colonnade
Series of columns supporting an entablature

Column
Round vertical support

Columniation
Arrangement of columns

Composite Column
Elaborate combination of Ionic and Corinthian features

Coping
Top course of a wall

Coquillage
Seashell-styled decoration

Corbel
Bracket or block projecting from the face of a wall

Corbiestep
Stepped-end gable

Corinthian Capital
Top part of a column characterized by large acanthus leaves and fluted column

Cornice
A horizontal molded projection that completes a building or wall; or the upper slanting part of an entablature

Crenellation
Square openings in the top of a parapet

Cresting
Line of ornamentation finishing a roof

Cupola
A cup-shaped cap over a structure; often found on carriage houses

Cyclopean Block
Rock faced blocks often used in foundations

Dado
Mid section of a pedestal, between base and cornice

Dentil
Molding made up of rows of small square blocks

Dimension Stone
Large blocks of stone used in foundations

Doric Column
Column with plain capital, no base or fluting

Dormer Window
Window that projects from a sloping roof

Double-Hung Windows
Windows with two sashes sliding up and down

Eaves
Lowest projecting part of a sloped roof

Egg & Dart
Molding in which an egg shape alternates with a dart shape

Elephantine Columns
Tapered; used as porch supports on Bungalows.

Entablature
Horizontal detailing above a classical column and below a pediment, consisting of cornice, frieze and architrave.

Exedra
Wall alcove with bench space

Eyebrow Window
Roof dormer having low sides; formed by raising small section of roof

Facade
Main face or side of a building

Fanlight
Fixed half-moon window sash above a door

Fascia
Flat vertical board used to hide ends of roof rafters

Fenestration
Design and placement of windows

Finial
Decorative vertical roof ornament

Flat Arch
Arch without rounded underside

Fluting
Narrow vertical grooves on shafts of columns and pilasters

Foliated
Decorative motif with leaflike ornament

Frieze
Band below cornice

Frontispiece
Small pediment over door or window

Gable
Upper triangular portion of wall at the end of a roof

Gable Roof
Shaped in an upside-down V

Gambrel Roof
Double-pitched with end walls pointed at top

Gargoyle
Carved figure with grotesque features; often on corners of buildings.

Garland
Ornamental detail in the shape of a band of flowers

Gingerbread
Elaborate wooden fretwork used on gables or as porch trim

Gothic Arch
Arch with pointed top

Guilloche
Molding resembling twisted rope

Gutta
Droplike element found underneath a triglyph or in a mutule

Helicline
Curved ramp

Hipped Roof
Slopes upward from all four sides

Hoodmold
Decorative projecting trim above a window

Horseshoe Arch
Arch in which the bottom is smaller than the mid-span; found in Moorish architecture

Imbrication
Overlapping of shingles or tiles

Impost
Horizontal band from which arch begins

Ionic Column
Slender, fluted, with spiral volutes on capital

Jamb
Sidepiece on doors and windows

Jerkinhead
Gable roof with hipped end; also called hipped gable

Jutty
Upper story projecting beyond the one below; also called jetty

Keystone
Wedge-shaped stone found in the center of some arches

Lanai
Furnished veranda

Lancet Window
Window with a pointed arch

Leaded Light
Window made up of small rectangular or diamond shaped panes of glass set in lead came.

Lintel
Horizontal structural member that spans an opening

Lites
Individual panes of glass

Loggia
Arcade or gallery open on at least one side

Lug Sill
One that extends beyond bottom window

Lunette
Semicircular window or wall panel

Mansard Roof
Double pitched roof in which lower pitch is nearly vertical and upper is nearly horizontal

Mezzanine
Partial story between two main stories; usually projects as a balcony

Modillion Blocks
Ornamental scroll-shaped brackets or blocks found under the cornice

Mullion
Vertical member separating two or more windows

Muntin
Vertical or horizontal divisions between lites in a window or door

Mutule
Block under the soffit of a cornice

Newel
Post supporting one end of a handrail at top or bottom of stairs

Niche
Wall recess reserved for statue

Oculus
Circular opening in a wall

Ogee
Molding with both concave and convex curves

Oriel
Upper-story projecting bay window with corbels or brackets