Copy of `Extension - Goat glossary`

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Extension - Goat glossary Category: Agriculture and Industry > Goats Date & country: 21/09/2013, USA Words: 225

omasum
The omasum is the third compartment of a ruminant

open
A female that is not pregnant.

open shoulders (loose shoulders)
The shoulder blades are structurally too far apart at the top which makes it difficult for the animal to stand for long periods or to move around freely.

metabolic disease
Those diseases that involve the lack of or unusual breakdown of physical and chemical processes in the body. Often associated with nutrition and feeding.

metritis
Inflammation of the uterus.

microorganism
Any living creature of microscopic size, especially bacteria and protozoa.

millilitter (ml)
A metric volume measurement that is identical to cubic centimeter (cc).

mummified fetus
a dead, shrunken fetus usually carried to term or later by the doe. The fetus usually died at an early stage of development, but after was too large to be reabsorbed by the doe.

maternal
Pertaining to the mother or dam.

meat goat (type)
A breed of goat that is primarily used for meat production.

lungworms
Roundworms found in the respiratory tract and lung tissue.

lutalyse (pgf2@ or prostaglandin)
A hormone used for synchronizing estrus.

marbeling
The fat within the muscle.

masculinity
Term used to describe the secondary male characteristics which are exhibited in the head, neck shoulders and chest.

mastitis
Inflammation of the udder usually caused by a bacterial infection.

loin
A muscle that lies between the last rib and the hip bones of the back. Is commonly used to describe the part of the body between the last rib and the hip.

libido
Sex drive.

line breeding
A form of inbreeding that attempts to concentrate the genetic makeup of some ancestor.

liver flukes
A small leaf-shaped organism that rolls up like a scroll in the bile ducts or liver tissue.

lethargy
An animal that is slow to react lacks energy and is often sick.

larvae
The immature stage of an adult parasite. The term applies to insects, ticks and worms.

legumes
A family of plants that has nodules on the roots to enable them to fix nitrogen from the atmosphere. Legumes are high in protein and bear their seeds in a pod (i.e., clover, alfalfa, cowpea).

kiko
Breed of meat goats that originated in New Zealand and are known for hardiness. They have been imported in the U.S. For more information please see the breeds section in the goat Community of Practice area.

lactation
The period in which a doe produces milk; the secretion or formation of milk.

kid
A goat less than one year old.

intravenous (iv)
Medication injected into the vein, usually the jugular vein.

johne
A bacterial disease causing severe weight loss and some diarrhea. Not currently curable.

keds
They are large, flattened, usually wingless parasitic flies.

ketone
Compounds found in the blood of pregnant does suffering from pregnancy toxemia.

ketosis
The accumulation of ketones in the body, responsible for pregnancy diseases, acetonemia, twin lambing disease and others that occur at the end of pregnancy or within a month of kidding.

immunity
Protection from disease that comes as a result of the body

inbreeding
The mating of closely related individuals.

intradermal
Within the dermis, this is the layer of skin below the epidermis (outermost layer).

intramuscular (im)
The route of administering medications by inserting the needle straight into the skin and deep into the muscle. The recommended site for this injection is usually given in the neck of the animal.

intranasal (in)
The spraying or administering of a solution into the nostrils.

hot carcass weight
The weight of a dressed carcass immediately after slaughter prior to the shrinkage that occurs in the cooler.

hotweight basis
generally used in marketing where price is based on the hot carcass weight of the animal rather than the live weight taken just prior to processing.

hypothermia
When body temperature drops below that required for normal metabolism and body functions. Inability to keep warm often caused by cold or wet weather.

gestation
The period in which the doe is pregnant (average 150 days).

hand mating
A breeding scheme in which a female and male are isolated by the producer in a confined area for individual breeding.

heat (estrus)
The period in which the doe is receptive to mating.

hermaphrodite
A sterile animal with reproductive organs of both sexes.

hormone
A chemical secreted into the bloodstream by an endocrine gland, bringing about a physiological response in another part of the body.

genotype
The specific genes that the animal has on its chromosomes. The genotype of an animal is set at conception and controls the potential performance, color, size, and fertility of the animal. The genotype and environment combine to produce the phenotype of the animal.

gambrel restrainer
A restraining device that is made of plastic placed over the top of the animal

freshen
When a does gives birth (kid) and starts to produce milk.

forage
The hay and/or grassy portion of the diet of goats, sheep and cattle.

forequarters
The area on the animal

free choice (ad libitum)
Feed made available to an animal at all times so that the animal can eat whenever and as much as it chooses.

frenching
Frenching is the process of removing one and a half inches of meat from the end opposite the loin eye of the roast or rib chops.

fiber goat
type of goat used for fiber production. The hair is harvested and used for textile production. Angora and Cashmere are two common fiber breeds of goats in the U.S. For more information please see the breeds section in the goat Community of Practice area.

finish/condition
Refers to the amount of external fat that covers the body.

flushing
The process of increasing the quality of the diet of the doe before breeding season starts. The practice is used to increase the number of ovulations to try to increase the number of offspring. It is generally achieved by increasing the energy in the diet by either using high quality forage or increasing or starting feeding a concentrate.

fetus
Unborn offspring that has developed organ systems. This term applies to the baby after embryonic development and until birth.

fiber (in diet)
The portion of a feed that is indigestible or slowly digested by ruminants. It may be expressed as crude fiber, neutral detergent fiber, acid fiber or effective fiber.

fecal egg count (fec)
Using a fecal flotation method to determine the level of parasite load in goats based on the number and type of parasite eggs found in the feces.

fecal flotation
A microscopic procedure used to identify various parasite eggs in a fecal sample. There are two basic methods used

feces
The manure or excrement produced by an animal.

feed additive
Anything added to a feed, including preservatives, growth promoters and medications.

estrous cycle
The beginning of one estrus (heat) to the beginning of the next estrus (heat).

estrus ((noun, a.k.a
The period in which the female is receptive to breeding.

famacha
It is an acronym for Faffa Malan Chart; he is the person who developed a method of using the color of the inner eye lid to determine the level of parasite infection in sheep and goats in South Africa. The method is used to implement selective treatment programs for parasites in goats. To use the system properly producers need to attend training course and obtain an official chart. This system is only good for control of H. Contortus (also known as the barber pole worm).

environment
The sum of all the conditions the animal is exposed to including

estrogen
The hormone that primarily causes behavioral estrus.

estrous (adjective)
An adjective describing anything having to do with the female reproductive cycle, including estrus.

drylot
An area with no vegetation generally an outside pen area.

dystocia
Difficulty in delivering the fetuses.

ear tag
A method of identifying animals by using a plastic or metal tag placed in the ear of the animal. The ID information is printed or written on the tag and then it is applied to the ear. This is not considered a permanent method of ID.

embryo
Unborn offspring that does not yet have developed organ systems and is in the very early stages of development in the uterus.

doeling
A young female that is not yet sexually mature.

drenching
To administer an oral dose of liquid.

dressing percentage
The dressing percentage is calculated by dividing the carcass weight by the live weight.

dry period
The time when the female is not producing milk.

doe (nanny)
A sexually-mature female goat.

crown roast
Made by adjoining two Frenched eight-rib racks with twine and bending them to form a circle. The ends are secured by twine.

cryptorchid
A condition where one or both testicles fail to descend into the scrotum sac.

cubic centimeter (cc)
A volume measurement identical to milliliter (ml).

cull
To remove a substandard animal from the herd or flock.

dairy goats
Goats that are used primarily for milk production. For more information please see the breeds section in the goat Community of Practice area.

concentrate
The non-forage part of an animal

conformation
The combination of structural correctness and muscling of the animal including the frame and shape of the animal.

creep feeder
An enclosed feeder meant to keep larger (older) animals out for supplementing the ration of young animals.

cross breed
An animal whose parents are of two different breeds.

clostridial infection
A bacterial infection that can occur in sheep and goats. Some goat diseases that are caused by this infection are

coccidiosis
A disease that is commonly exhibited in younger animals caused by a protozoa parasite infection. It is characterized by diarrhea, dehydration, weight loss, lack of thriftiness, and weakness.

colostrum
The first milk the doe or ewe produces after given birth to their offspring. The milk is thick and golden yellow in color and contains rich antibodies. If the newborn does not consume the milk within the first 24 hours of life, there is very little chance the animal will survive.

cistern
The final temporary storage area of milk in the udder.

cleats (clays, claws, clees)
The two halves of the goat

closed herd or flock
No new animals are introduced into the herd or flock.

castration
Removal of the testicles.

chevon
Chevon is the French word for goat. These are animals that are slaughtered near or shortly after weaning.

carcass
The dressed body of a slaughtered animal.

butt head
Goats born without horns.

butting
A method of fighting by which one animal strikes the head and horns of its opponent.

california mastitis test (cmt)
A kit that can be used to test mastitis in cows and does.

caprine
The scientific name for the goat species.

burdizzo
A tool used to castrate goats, sheep or cattle that crush the spermatic cords to render the male sterile. This leaves the scrotum intact; however, the testicles will shrink away.

buck (billy)
A sexually mature intact male goat used for breeding.

buck rag
A cloth rubbed on a buck and imbued with his odor. The rag is kept in a closed container and can be used to assist in stimulating estrus (heat) in does.

buckling
A sexually immature young male.