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Talk Talk - Communication terms Category: General technical and industrial Date & country: 28/05/2010, UK Words: 18630

S
(navigation) Abbreviation for south

Sèvres, Treaty of
The last of the treaties that ended World War I. Negotiated between the Allied powers and the Ottoman Empire, it was finalized August 1920 but never ratified by the Turkish government. The treaty reduced the size of Turkey by making concessions to the Greeks, Kurds, and Armenians, as well as ending Turkish control of Arab lands. Its terms were reje...

Sørensen, Søren Peter Lauritz
Danish chemist who in 1909 introduced the concept of using the pH scale as a measure of the acidity of a solution. On Sørensen's scale, still used today, a pH of 7 is neutral; higher numbers represent alkalinity, and lower numbers acidity

S-wave
In seismology, a class of seismic wave that passes through the Earth in the form of transverse shear waves. S-waves from an earthquake travel at roughly half the speed of P-waves (about 3 kps/1.9 mps), the speed depending on the density of the rock, and arrive later at monitoring stations (hence secondary waves) though with greater ampl...

S
In physics, symbol for siemens, the SI unit of electrical conductance, equal to a conductance of 1 ohm^-1

T'ai Chi
Series of 108 complex, slow-motion movements, each named (for example, the White Crane Spreads Its Wings) and designed to ensure effective circulation of the chi, or intrinsic energy of the universe, through the mind and body. It derives partly from the Shaolin martial arts of China and partly fr...

t
Symbol for tonne, ton

T cell
Immune cell (see immunity and lymphocyte) that plays several roles in the body's defences. T cells are so called because they mature in the thymus (as opposed to the B cells, which mature in the bone marrow). There are three main types of T cells: T helper cells (Th cells), which allow other ...

T'ana Hayk'
Alternative name for Lake Tana, in Ethiopia

T
In physics, symbol for tesla, the SI unit of magnetic flux density, equal to a flux density of one weber of flux per square metre

U-2
US military reconnaissance aeroplane, used in secret flights over the USSR from 1956 to photograph military installations. In 1960 a U-2 was shot down over the USSR and the pilot, Gary Powers, was captured and imprisoned. He was exchanged for a US-held Soviet agent two years later. The U-2 affair led to the cancellation of a proposed me...

U Thant
Burmese diplomat; see Thant, U

V
(numeral) Roman numeral for five; in physics, symbol for volt

Vänern
(lake) Largest lake in Sweden, area 5,550 sq km/2,140 sq mi. Karlstad, Vänersborg, Lidköping, and Mariestad are on its banks

V-shaped valley
River valley with a V-shaped cross-section. Such valleys are usually found near the source of a river, where the steeper gradient means that there is a great deal of corrasion (grinding away by rock particles) along the stream bed, and erosion cuts downwards more than it does sideways. Howeve...

V
In physics, symbol for volt, the SI unit of emf or potential difference, equal to the potential difference between two points in an electrical circuit when a current of 1 ampere flowing between them dissipates a power of 1 watt

Wöhler, Friedrich
German chemist who in 1828 became the first person to synthesize an organic compound (urea) from an inorganic compound (ammonium cyanate). He also devised a method in 1827 that isolated the metals aluminium, beryllium, yttrium, and titanium from their ores

W
(abbreviation) Abbreviation for west; in physics, symbol for watt

W particle
Elementary particle, one of the intermediate vector bosons responsible for transmitting the weak nuclear force. The W particle exists as both W⁺ and W^-

W
In physics, symbol for watt, the SI unit of power, equal to a power output of 1 joule per second. Multiple units include the kilowatt (kW, 1,000 watts) and megawatt (MW, 1,000,000 watts)

X chromosome
Larger of the two sex chromosomes, the smaller being the Y chromosome. These two chromosomes are involved in sex determination. In humans, whether a person is male or female is determined by the particular combination of the two sex chromosomes in the body cells. In females both the sex chromosomes a...

X-ray astronomy
Click images to enlargeDetection of X-rays from intensely hot gas in the universe. Such X-rays are prevented from reaching the Earth's surface by the atmosphere, so detectors must be placed in rockets and satellites. The first celestial X-ray source, Scorpius X-1, was discovered by a rocket flight in 1...

X-ray
Click images to enlargeBand of electromagnetic radiation in the wavelength range 10^-12 to 10^-8 m (between gamma rays and ultraviolet radiation; see electromagnetic waves). Applications of X-rays make use of their short wavelength (as in X-ray diffraction) o...

X
(numeral) Roman numeral ten; a person or thing unknown

X-ray diffraction
Method of studying the atomic and molecular structure of crystalline substances by using X-rays. X-rays directed at such substances spread out as they pass through the crystals owing to diffraction (the slight spreading of waves around the edge of an opaque object) of the rays around the atoms. By using measurements of the position and inte...

X-ray diffraction analysis
Use of X-rays to study the atomic and molecular structure of crystalline substances such as ceramics, stone, sediments, and weathering products on metals. The sample, as a single crystal or ground to powder, is exposed to X-rays at various angles; the diffraction patterns produced are then compared with reference standards for identific...

Y chromosome
Smaller of the two sex chromosomes. In male mammals it occurs paired with the other type of sex chromosome (X), which carries far more genes. The Y chromosome is the smallest of all the mammalian chromosomes and is considered to be largely inert (that is, without direct effect on the physical body), ...

Yüan Shikai
Chinese soldier and politician, leader of Republican China 1911–16. He assumed dictatorial powers in 1912, dissolving parliament and suppressing Sun Zhong Shan's (Sun Yat-sen's) Kuomintang (Guomindang). He died soon after proclaiming himself emperor. Yüan was appointed governor of Shandong in 1900 by Empress Dowager Zi Xi and ...

Zürich
(city) City and capital of Switzerland, situated at the exit of the Limmat River from Lake Zürich; population (2000) 363,300. Lying at the foot of the Alps, it is the capital of Zürich canton, the principal financial and business centre of Switzerland, and one of the world's ...

Z particle
In physics, an elementary particle, one of the intermediate vector bosons responsible for carrying the weak nuclear force. The Z particle is neutral